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Media Discourse Fairclough
Linguistics Dissertation (LING39105)
Nottingham Trent University
Related Studylists
discurso e comunicaçãoPreview text
Fairclough, N. (1995). Media discourse. London, E. Arnold.
Trew (1979a, 1979b) ‘discourse in progress’ in newspapers – the Transformation of Material from News Agencies and other sources in News Reports and the transformation one story goes through from one report to another Trew, T. 1979a: Theory and ideology at work. In Fowler, R. et al. (eds), Language and control, Routledge Trew, T. 1979b: ‘What the paper says’: Linguistic variation and ideological difference. In Fowler, R. et al. (eds) Language and Control. Routledge and Kegan Paul. Looks at agencies and passive in Police Shootings in Zimbabwe 197 5 Linguistic rewordings and grammatical changes Hodge and kress Intertextual chains Fairclough (27) Critical linguistics emphasizes the role of vocab choices in processes of categorisation – gender discrimination in media reporting uses vocab used to refer to women and men assimilates people in pre-existing categories of an ideological powerful sort such as ‘wives’ or ‘mothers’ or their sexual interests to men the process of modality is used in a very general way to cover features of texts which ‘express speakers’ and writers’ attitudes towards themselves, their interlocutors, and towards the subject matter’ (Fowler Et Al. 1979:200) Fowler, R. et al. (eds) 1979: Language and control, Routledge. pronouns, modal aux, speech acts Inc. in modality Van Dijk ‘structures of news’ – relationship between texts, production processes and comprehension. And the macro structure: central to the analysis of thematic structure and overall organisation in terms of themes and topics. Microstructures: semantic relations between prepositions – coherence relations of causality, coherence and so forth. Also identifies syntactic and lexical characteristics of newspaper style and rhetorical features of news reports Van Dijk, 1988, News Analysis, Erlbaum News values Van Leeuwen, T. 1993: Genre and field in critical discourse analysis. Discourse and society, 4 (2): 193- Van Leeuwen 1993 on representations The commutative event and social practices are re-contextualised differently depending on the goals, values and priorities of the commination in which they decontextualized. Raises question of truth, bias and manipulation. (41) Adopt a particular point of view on its topic and use rhetorical devices to make the audience see this POV Ideology is not adopted but taken for granted as common ground between reporter and or third parties and audience Concept of ideology often implies distortion, false consciousness, manipulation of truth in pursuit of particular interests (46) Representations involve particular POV values and goals (47) decide what to include/ exclude foreground/background what factors and formulations influence their story
Communicative events (58)
Particular representations and re contextualisation’s of social practice (ideational functions) – carry particular ideologies Construction of writer and reader identities (who is identified – what is highlighted – status and role aspects of identity, or individual and personality aspects of identity Construction of identity between writer and reader (formal or informal, close or distant) Reports are rarely ever even-handed with all various voices represented. Some are given prominence, and some marginalised (81) such as the Miners’ view of this
Representations
Presupposition (what isn’t included in the text) – how the text positions its readers, help establish represented realities as convincing – common sense assumption (107) Presupposed that something is already bad (108) The unsaid – the presupposed is of particular importance in ideological analysis – ideologies are often embedded within the implicit meaning of a text rather than being explicit (Fairclough 1989, chapter 4) Fairclough, N. Language and Power, Longman Representations in clauses Vocab choices are pre-constructed categories and representations also involve how to ‘place’ what is being represented within these sets of categories – e., killing, murder, or massacre? Or choice of metaphor? Holocaust or extermination? The grammar of language differentiates a small number of process types and associated participant types. Have to choose to represent something as an action or an event. (109) Fowler et al (19797) Hodge and Kress (1979) some papers systematically background the involvement of police in forms of violence and other forms of undesirable social behaviour Process types: Action, event, state, mental process, verbal process (Fairclough 1992a, Halliday 1985)
Van Leeuwen (1993) representations can be seen as the retexualisation of social practices.
Media Discourse Fairclough
Module: Linguistics Dissertation (LING39105)
University: Nottingham Trent University
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