Child and Early Adolescent Development and Psychology (ELM 200)

There are 8 stages of psychosocial development according to Erikson. For middle to late childhood development, there are two stages for psychosocial development; Industry vs. Inferiority and Identity vs. Confusion. The impact this has on development can be seen in a few ways. The Industry vs. Inferiority stage is seen during ages 6 to 11 and is an important time during a child’s development, During this time, fundamental skills and a desire for achievement become a common theme (Santrock et al., 2022). Erikson sees this stage as a child’s most enthusiastic time for learning and if not supported during this time by parents, teachers, or peers, then they will develop a sense of inferiority or incompetence. For example, if a child isn’t encouraged to write or read, during this age due to SES, family function, etc., then once they reach older ages, peers will criticize them for being less smart or behind in school.

The second stage, Identity vs. Confusion; occurs during ages 12-18. This stage is very critical as a child begins to establish their own identity outside of their family and parents. If they are established in a supportive environment, then this will cause them to establish a positive identity. Goals, values, and beliefs are fundamental during this point in time and the question “Who am I” is explored. For example, cognitive, socioemotional, and biological processes are in full effect. If someone is bullied during this time, they will be confused about their role as a person (victim and weak). Another example would be in relationships. If there are negative experiences or lack of interest from the attracted sex, then someone may feel like a loser and failure in society.

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Erikson's psychosocial model provides a framework for understanding the social and emotional development of individuals across the lifespan. In middle to late childhood, the stage of industry versus inferiority is prominent. This stage occurs between the ages of 6 and 12 years old and is characterized by children's efforts to master new skills and tasks while developing a sense of competence and self-esteem (Santrock, et al., 2022). During this stage, children strive to demonstrate their abilities and accomplishments in various areas such as academics, sports, and hobbies. Success in these endeavors fosters a sense of industry, where children feel competent and capable of achieving their goals. For example, a child who excels in school may feel a sense of pride and accomplishment, boosting their self-esteem and motivation to continue learning. Conversely, failure to meet expectations or challenges can lead to feelings of inferiority and inadequacy. For instance, a child who struggles academically or socially may develop low self-esteem and a fear of failure, impacting their confidence and willingness to take on new tasks. By using Erikson's model to examine development, we can identify the critical role of social interactions, peer relationships, and educational experiences in shaping children's self-concept and identity (Santrock et al., 2022). Additionally, it highlights the importance of providing opportunities for children to explore their interests, develop their skills, and receive support and encouragement from caregivers and educators. Overall, Erikson's psychosocial model offers valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities of middle to late childhood development, emphasizing the need for positive social experiences and a nurturing environment to foster healthy psychosocial development.

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Introduction

Obesity is a significant nutrition issue that is increasingly prevalent among children. It is characterized by excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized it as a global epidemic, with childhood obesity being particularly concerning due to its potential to lead to serious health complications.

Main Concerns

Health Risks: Obesity in children can lead to numerous health problems, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.

Psychological Issues: Children who are obese may face bullying and discrimination, leading to low self-esteem and depression.

Long-term Consequences: Childhood obesity often leads to obesity in adulthood, which can result in a range of serious health complications.

Long-term Effects

Childhood obesity can have long-term effects on a child's growth and development. It can lead to premature onset of illnesses like diabetes and heart diseases. Additionally, the psychological stress from societal pressure and bullying can lead to long-term mental health issues.

Addressing the Issue in School

Promote Healthy Eating: Teachers can incorporate lessons on nutrition and the importance of a balanced diet into their curriculum.

Encourage Physical Activity: Regular physical activity should be encouraged. This can be achieved by incorporating more active play and physical education into the school day.

Create a Supportive Environment: Schools should strive to create an environment that supports healthy behaviors. This can include providing healthy food options and ensuring that children feel safe and comfortable participating in physical activities.

Collaboration Strategies

Engage Parents: Teachers can work with parents to encourage healthy eating and physical activity at home.

Partner with Community Organizations: Schools can partner with local community organizations to provide resources and support for combating obesity.

Work with Healthcare Providers: Collaborating with healthcare providers can help to provide children with the medical support they may need.

Describe data collection methods to be used (e.g. in-person interview, on-line survey, standardized assessment tool, etc.). Provide a rationale for your data collection plan and explain how you will gather data from multiple sources and from multiple methods (data triangulation). use the below research question. 

How do different family dynamics impact child development?