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Intro Module 2 SG - Study guide

Study guide
Course

Introduction To Professional Nursing (NUR 2023)

19 Documents
Students shared 19 documents in this course
Academic year: 2020/2021
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Arkansas Tech University

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Health Promotion

 Know stages of health behavior change and be able to identify stage based on scenario o Precontemplation: unaware of behavior or need for change, not planning to make a change o Contemplation: Thinking about change, seeking out support/information o Preparation: Planning to make change, gathering confidence/resources o Action: taking positive steps to make change and putting plans into practice o Maintenance: Achieving results and behavior becomes part of daily life  (optional) Termination: quitting  Types and sites of health promotion programs o Common sites: Home, Community setting, Schools, Hospitals, Worksites, etc. o Types: Home—one-on-one with a nurse, diet counselor, or fitness expert (not cost-efficient for individual); group-oriented community program—if city/town offered, typically focused around health promotion, specific protection, and/or screening for early detection of disease (i., town-wide immunization program, fire dept. distributing fire prevention info, police offering bike safety programs or safe driving campaigns, etc.); hospital offered programs for their staff (begin as specific focus [i., fire prevention/drills, limiting exposure to x- rays, prevention of back injuries, etc.], then gradually began addressing health/lifestyle of individuals [i., smoking cessation, exercise/fitness, stress reduction, time management, etc.]) and many times the community as well (ex: women’s health); School programs—serve as cost-efficient foundation for children to gain basic knowledge ab personal hygiene/issues in health sciences (i., school nurse or teachers teaching ab basic nutrition, dental care, activity/play, drug/alcohol abuse, domestic violence, child abuse, sexuality/pregnancy issues, need for clean air/environment, etc.); Worksite programs—arose out of need for businesses to control rising costs of health care/employee absenteeism (ex: addressing air quality standards for office/classroom/plant, injury prevention for the machine worker or back-saver programs for worker in heavy-lifting individual [for specific populations], high BP screens, fitness info/relaxation techniques [health enhancement programs])

 Maslow’s human needs theory  Know 4 goals of Healthy People 2020 o Attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death o Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, improve the health of all groups o Create social/physical environments that promote good health for all o Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages  Know what health encompasses Individuality includes persons total character, self-identity, and perceptions o Person’s total character encompasses behaviors, emotional state, attitudes, values, motives, abilities, habits, and appearance o Persons self-identity encompasses perception of self as separate/distinct entity alone and in interactions w others o Person’s perceptions encompass the way person interprets environment/situation, directly affecting how he/she thinks, feels, and acts in any given situation  Primary prevention: true prevention that lowers the chances that a disease will develop  Secondary prevention: focuses on those who have health problems/illnesses and are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions  Tertiary prevention: occurs when a defect/disability is permanent/irreversible

o Hindus often cannot eat meat and are strict vegetarians (as well as many Buddhists) o Muslims not allowed to drink alcohol/eat pork; during Ramadan they do not eat/drink in daylight hours o Some Catholics may not eat meat on Fridays; may fast on Good Friday  PLISSIT model o Permission to discuss sexuality issues o Limited Information related to sexual health problems being experienced o Specific Suggestions—only when the nurse is clear about the problem o Intensive Therapy—referral to professional w advanced training if necessary  How to complete a spiritual health assessment

Assessment tools: listening, asking direct questions, FICA (faith, importance, community, address), spiritual well-being (SWB) scale

o Faith/Belief: 1) ask about religious source of guidance 2) understand pts philosophy of life o Life and self-responsibility: ask about pts understanding of illness limitatioins/threats and how pt will adjust o Connectedness: ask about pts ability to express a sense of relatedness to something greater than self o Life satisfaction o Culture: ask about faith/belief systems to understand culture/spirituality relationships o Fellowship/community: ask about support networks o Ritual/practice: ask about life practices used to assist in structure and support during difficult times o Vocation: ask whether illness/hospitalization has altered spiritual expression

 Strategies to build trusting relationships when talking to clients about sexual health o Know your own beliefs/feelings so you can prepare approaches where you can set aside your own personal values ab sex practices and use culturally sensitive, nonjudgmental, nonthreatening, and reassuring approach o Create an atmosphere that facilitates open communication/comfort for client o Remind them that all info is handled in confidential manner  Terms: o Agnostic: doubts existence of higher being or that it has been proved o Atheist: one completely without belief of deity o Spirituality: generally involves a belief in a relationship with some higher power, creative force, divine being, or infinite source of energy

o Spiritual distress: impaired ability to experience/integrate meaning and purpose in life through connectedness w self, others, art, music, literature, nature, and/or a power greater than oneself  Teaching related to sexuality: o STIs: only abstinence is 100% effective to prevent STIs  Gonorrhea: Males—painful urination, urethritis w watery white discharge (could be purulent); Females—may be asymptomatic or vaginal discharge, pain, urinary frequency  Syphilis: Males—chancre (usually on glans penis) that’s painless and heals in 4-6 weeks, secondary symptoms include skin eruptions, low-grade fever, inflammation of lymph glands occurring 6w-6mo after chancre heals; Females—chancre on cervix/other genital areas that heals in 4- weeks, same symptoms as male  Genital warts (condyloma acuminatum): Male—infection caused by HPV where single lesions/clusters of lesions (hard/yellow-gray on dry skin, pink/red/soft/cauliflower-like on moist skin) grow beneath/on foreskin/external meatus/glands penis; Female—(could be linked to cervical cancer) lesions appear at bottom part of vaginal opening and on perineum/labia/inner walls of vagina/cervix  Chlamydial urethritis: Male—urinary frequency and watery, mucoid urethral discharge; Female—(commonly a carrier) vaginal discharge, dysuria, urinary frequency  Trichomoniasis: Male—slight itching, moisture on top of penis, slight early morning urethral discharge (however many are asymptomatic); Female—itching/redness of vulva and skin inside thighs, copious watery/frothy vaginal discharge  Candidiasis: itching, irritation, discharge, plaque of cheesy material under foreskin; Female—red/excoriated vulva, intense itching of vaginal/vulvar tissues, thick/white/cheesy/curd-like discharge  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): symptoms may appear months to years after acquiring; virus results in persons reduced immunity to other diseases; symptoms can include persistent heavy night seats, extreme fatigue, severe weight loss, enlarged lymph glands in neck/axillae/groin, persistent diarrhea, skin rashes, blurred vision or chronic headache, harsh/dry cough, thick gray-white coating on tongue/throat  Herpes genitalis (herpes simplex of the genitals): primary herpes involves presence of painful sores or large/discrete vesicles that last for weeks; vesicles rupture; recurrent herpes is itchy rather than painful and lasts a few hours-10 days

 A large penis provides greater sexual satisfaction to women than a small penis. There is no evidence supporting this.  Alcohol is a sexual stimulant. Wrong, alcohol is a relaxant and central nervous system depressant (Chronic alcoholism is actually associated w ED)  Intercourse during menstruation is dangerous (i., will cause vaginal tissue damage). Wrong, there is no physiological basis for abstinence during menses.  The face-to-face coital position is the moral or proper one. Wrong, the position that offers the most pleasure and is acceptable to both partners is the correct one.

Wellness and Culture

 Best practices in culturally appropriate nursing care o Aim to improve healcare quality o Provide individualized care o Restore emphasis on personal relationships o Elevated equality for all pts o Avoid stereotyping/generalizations o Utilize cultural assessment o NEVER make assumptions, always ask pt about their preferences  Internal and external variables influencing health o Internal variables: perception of symptoms, coping skills, focus of control We cannot control our genetics, but we can control these, so encourage them! o External variables: visibility of symptoms, social groups, cultural backgrounds, economic variables, healthcare access (or geographical access [helped immensely by telehealth]), social support  Factors influencing health care disparities Differences among population’s o Availability o Accessibility/Quality of healthcare services aimed at prevention, treatment, and management of diseases/their complications  How to best facilitate communication when client speaks a different language than nurse o All healthcare organizations are required to offer free language assistance, so use this, not friends/family of pt o Pts must be informed in their preferred language of their right to receive language assistance services both verbally/written form

 LEARN Communication technique o Listen—actively o Explain—your perceptions to the issue/problem o Acknowledge—discuss any cultural differences/similarities o Recommend—treatment that involves the pt o Negotiate—involve pt culture in plan  Campinha Bacote cultural competence model o Cultural Awareness o Cultural Skills o Cultural Knowledge o Cultural Encounters o Cultural Desire  Disease risk factors o Anything increasing a person’s risk of getting a disease o Examples: smoking, drug/alcohol abuse, environmental factors o If controllable by pt (i., smoking), instead of telling them why they need to quit ask them what they want in the future (big picture; holistically) and allow them to see for themselves why they should avoid risk factors  HEALTH traditions model

 Social determinants of health (factors that impact health of individual)

o Centering: bringing oneself to the center or middle and being fully connected to the part of one’s body where all their energies meet and focusing mind on center of energy allowing one too operate intuitively, w awareness, and to channel energy throughout body o Holism: all living organisms are seen as interacting, unified wholes that are more than the sums of their parts; a holistic health belief holds that the forces of nature must be maintained in balance or harmony; holistic healthcare is a system that considers all components of health (health promotion, health maintenance, health education/illness prevention, restorative—rehabilitative care); holistic nursing is a nursing practice that has as its goal the healing of the whole person  Difference between: o Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): (developed over 3000 years) based on premise that body’s vital energy (qi) circulates through pathways/meridians and can be accessed/manipulated through specific anatomic points along surface of body; mind, body, spirit, emotions are never separated (body parts perform their function and contribute to emotions); acupuncture, acupressure, herbal medicine, massage, heat therapy, qi gong, tai chi, nutritional lifestyle counceling o Native American healing: spirituality and medicine inseparable; people seen as channels through which the Great Power helps others achieve well-being in mind, body, and spirit. Only the One can heal, healers assist by using medicine objects (sweat lodges, singing, dancing, vision quests [periods of fasting/solitude], smudging, drumming/chanting, healing touch, acupressure, herbs); harmony (balance) of mind and body and all things o Curanderismo: Latin American healing tradition where healers (curanderos if men, curanderas if women) specialize as herbalists, midwives, counselors, spine/joint workers, massage therapists, etc. and practice religious rituals, cleansing rites, and prayers. o Ayurveda “science of life”: Indian system of medicine (2500 yo) where illness is viewed as state of imbalance among body (dosha) systems and emphasizes interdependence of health of individual and quality of societal life (balance of mental, emotional, physical, spiritual, environmental).  Herbal interferences and contraindications o Echinacea: traditionally used to boost immune system and enhance wound healing, however it may also reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressants o Feverfew: traditionally used to prevent migraines/headaches/arthritis and stimulate digestion, however it may also increase the anticoagulant effects of aspirin and anticoagulant medications o Garlic: traditionally used to reduce high BP/cholesterol and as an antibiotic/antifungal/anticlotting, however it may also increase the anticoagulant effects of aspirin and anticoagulant medications

o Ginger: traditionally used for digestion and relief of motion sickness/dizziness/nausea, however it may also increase the anticoagulant effects of aspirin and anticoagulant medications o Ginkgo: traditionally used to improve memory function, relieve stress, and treat dizziness, however it may also increase the anticoagulant effects of aspirin and anticoagulant medications o Ginseng: traditionally used to stimulate mental activity and enhance immune system/appetite, however it may also interact w caffeine and cause irritability, as well as decrease the effectiveness of glaucoma mediations o Milk thistle: traditionally used to enhance flow in gallbladder/liver/spleen/stomach, however it also reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives o Saw palmetto: traditionally used to treat prostate hypertrophy and is anti- inflammatory, however it may give false low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, thereby delaying diagnosis of prostate cancer o St. John’s wort: traditionally used as an antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, and is antiviral, however it may potentiate antidepressant medications, causing severe agitation, nausea, confusion, and possible cardiac problems o Valerian: traditionally used as a sedative, tranquilizer, to help lower BP, and to help menstrual cramps, however it may increase the sedative effects of antianxiety medication

 Extra stuff: o Laughter: lowers BP, strengthens immune system, burns calories, makes you happy ()

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Intro Module 2 SG - Study guide

Course: Introduction To Professional Nursing (NUR 2023)

19 Documents
Students shared 19 documents in this course

University: Arkansas Tech University

Was this document helpful?
Health Promotion
Know stages of health behavior change and be able to identify stage based on scenario
oPrecontemplation: unaware of behavior or need for change, not planning to
make a change
oContemplation: Thinking about change, seeking out support/information
oPreparation: Planning to make change, gathering confidence/resources
oAction: taking positive steps to make change and putting plans into practice
oMaintenance: Achieving results and behavior becomes part of daily life
(optional) Termination: quitting
Types and sites of health promotion programs
oCommon sites: Home, Community setting, Schools, Hospitals, Worksites, etc.
oTypes: Home—one-on-one with a nurse, diet counselor, or fitness expert (not
cost-efficient for individual); group-oriented community program—if
city/town offered, typically focused around health promotion, specific protection,
and/or screening for early detection of disease (i.e., town-wide immunization
program, fire dept. distributing fire prevention info, police offering bike safety
programs or safe driving campaigns, etc.); hospital offered programs for their
staff (begin as specific focus [i.e., fire prevention/drills, limiting exposure to x-
rays, prevention of back injuries, etc.], then gradually began addressing
health/lifestyle of individuals [i.e., smoking cessation, exercise/fitness, stress
reduction, time management, etc.]) and many times the community as well (ex:
women’s health); School programs—serve as cost-efficient foundation for
children to gain basic knowledge ab personal hygiene/issues in health sciences
(i.e., school nurse or teachers teaching ab basic nutrition, dental care,
activity/play, drug/alcohol abuse, domestic violence, child abuse,
sexuality/pregnancy issues, need for clean air/environment, etc.); Worksite
programs—arose out of need for businesses to control rising costs of health
care/employee absenteeism (ex: addressing air quality standards for
office/classroom/plant, injury prevention for the machine worker or back-saver
programs for worker in heavy-lifting individual [for specific populations], high
BP screens, fitness info/relaxation techniques [health enhancement programs])

Students also viewed

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