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Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Report
Course: Organic Chemistry (3201)
3 Documents
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University: Austin Community College District
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Karina Santos
June 16, 2020
Thin Layer Chromatography
I.Purpose
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a laboratory technique used to identify different
compounds present within a mixture. There are two phases: The stationary phase, which
contains a solid and usually polar, and the mobile phase, which can be either a liquid or gas
which can be a pure solvent or a mixture of solvents.1 The TLC plates consist of a solid surface
such as glass, metal or plastic with a thin adsorbent later on the surface and provides the
stationary phase. In the lab, silica gel will be act as the solid, stationary phase and 99:1 ethyl
acetate. The liquid, mobile phase will be represented by the use of acetic acid. If the compound
in question forms dark spots on the TLC plate, then it will stick to the stationary phase because
it is polar. They tend to form spots close to the starting, origin line of the TLC plate. On the
other hand, the spots will flow with the mobile phase because the compound is less polar
compared to the other compound. Nonpolar substances will also form spots that traveled a
further distance compared to those that are slightly polar. A more polar compound will tend to
strongly bind to the silica gel compared a compound less polar. To compare the distances
between each substance, a retention factor (Rf) is calculated for each spot. It is determined by
the ratio traveled by the compound divided to the distance the solvent has traveled.1 An Rf
value can be enlarged by raising the polarity of the solvent, while it can also be decreased by
increasing the polarity of the compound.2
II. Safety
Safety Data Sheet – NFPA3a-d
Acetaminophen3a Aspirin/Acetylsalicyli
c Acid3b Dichloromethane3c Ethyl
Alcohol3d
Health 2 1 2 3
Flammability 1 1 1 2
Conductivity 0 1 0 0
Other Hazards N/A 0 N/A 0
Table 1: Safety Data Sheet
III. Experiment 4
1. Obtain a TLC Plate of the appropriate size that can fit into the developing chamber.