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Laiba Sajjad - Human Karyotyping Gizmo
City Colleges of Chicago
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Name: Laiba Sajjad Date: 05/24/
Student Exploration: Human Karyotyping
Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts in the orange boxes.
Vocabulary: autosome, chromosomal disorder, chromosome, genome, karyotype, sex chromosome
Prior Knowledge Question (Do this BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
A chromosome is a rod-shaped structure made of coils of DNA. Most human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
- Why do you think humans have two sets of 23 chromosomes? (Hint: Where did each set come from?)
2 sets of 23 chromosomes which we got from our parents.
- How do you think different people’s chromosomes would compare?
I think that depending on the person, they could be different in terms of looks, shape, etc. some might be similar, but each person’s is unique in its own way.
Gizmo Warm-up Scientists use karyotypes to study the chromosomes in a cell. A karyotype is a picture showing a cell’s chromosomes grouped together in pairs.
In the Human Karyotyping Gizmo, you will make karyotypes for five individuals. Take a look at the SIMULATION pane. Use the arrows to click through the
numbered list of chromosomes at the bottom right of the pane.
- How does the appearance of the chromosomes change as you move through the list?
The shape of the chromosome changes, as well as the size of the chromosome.
- Examine the chromosomes labeled x and y. How do these two chromosomes compare?
These are different from one another because one is bigger than the other.
Activity A: Male and female karyotypes
Get the Gizmo ready: ●Click Reset.
Question: How are male karyotypes different from female karyotypes?
- Compare : In the SIMULATION pane, make sure Subject A is selected. Click on and drag one of subject A’s chromosomes to the area labeled Identify. Use the arrows to compare the chromosome you picked with chromosomes 1 through 22 and also with X and Y.
Which chromosome did you select? I chose 2
- Create : Drag the chromosome to the appropriate position on the KARYOTYPING pane. Then select another chromosome, identify it, and place it on the karyotype.
When you have identified and placed all of the chromosomes, click the camera ( ) to take a snapshot of the karyotype. Paste the snapshot below, and label it “Subject A.”
📷 SuBJECT A
snapshot of the completed karyotype, paste it into your document, and label it.
SUBJECT
B
Examine the karyotype. Is Subject B a male or female? It’s a female
How do you know? I know this because it has 2 chromosomes of a female.
Click the DIAGNOSIS tab to check your answer.
- Think and discuss : On the SIMULATION pane, compare the X and Y chromoso mes. Which chromosome do you think has more DNA? Explain.
I think that the x chromosome has more DNA in my opinion because it has a longer DNA strong, also, in size it’s bigger, so that makes me think that it has more/
Activity B:
Chromosomal disorders
Get the Gizmo ready: ●Click Reset.
Question: How can you use a karyotype to diagnose a disease?
- Compare : Select Subject C from the SIMULATION pane. Identify each of subject C’s chromosomes, and place them on the KARYOTYPING pane. Once you have completed the karyotype, take a snapshot of it. Paste the snapshot into a document. Label it “Subject C. ”
How does subject C’s karyotype differ from a normal karyotype?
It differs because this one has 3 x y chromosomes.
- Diagnose : A chromosomal disorder occurs when a person’s cells do not have the correct number of chromosomes. The table below lists three common chromosomal disorders.
Disorder Description Subject Symptoms
Down syndrome
Extra chromosome 21
E
Heart defects, hearing loss, respiratory problems, small head, sight and speech problems.
Klinefelter syndrome
Extra X in male (XXY)
C
Testicular changes in puberty, and as a result,sex characteristics don’t develop.
Turner syndrome
Single X in female (XO) D Improper development of ovaries, and improperhormones, aka sex-hormones.
Use the table to determine which disorder subject C has. Record your diagnosis in the third column of the table, and then click on the DIAGNOSIS tab to check your answer. Summarize the information on the DIAGNOSIS tab in the fourth column of the table.
Laiba Sajjad - Human Karyotyping Gizmo
University: City Colleges of Chicago
