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Chapter 1 Notes - Introduction to Microbiology
Course: General Micro (MICRO 305)
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University: Clemson University
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Chapter 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
Microbe: is a living organisms – dust is not a microbe. Must be alive!
Size ranges form millimeters to 0.2 micrometers.
Some can consist of a single cell or hundreds of thousands of cells
Must be able to reproduce its own cell kind
All microbes have different shapes, sizes, and are good or bad.
1.1: What is a Microbe:
Exceptions:
1. Supersize microbial cells – are very large in the amount of cells they have. Some
microbes are not tiny.
2. Microbial communities – bacteria can be single cell or can have communities where
they make a biofilm kind of surface. Can be single microbe cells or microbe
communities. Another challenge for research because of these exceptions of having
communities.
3. Viruses
Because of these exceptions, microbe definition has contradictions. As long as it is
ALIVE and can reproduce, it is a microbe.
Eukaryotes: have mitochondria, nucleus, and membrane
Algae and pats, fungi, animals, and protists
Prokaryotes: only the cell and the DNA is in the cytosol, does not have a specific
organelles.
Bacteria and Archaea
Most information we know about microbes comes from the genome and the DNA of
each microorganism. When we started to extract DNA, then we could create the
genome.
Genome is the only thing we have to study the features of the microorganism.
1.2: History of Microbes
Microbes have shaped human culture because of alcohol, bread, yogurt, etc.
Some are good microbes, but most are bad microbes to destroy monuments or make us
sick.
Examples of Impact:
1. 14th century Bubonic plague caused by Yersinia pesitis.
2. 19th century tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
3. Today – AIDS & HIV, ebolla, zika virus
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