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Lab 7 - Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Lab example

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Lab example

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Introduction to Biological Science (BIOSC-110)

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Contra Costa College

Academic year: 2022/2023

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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Contra Costa College BIOSC- Professor. Sparacio 10/7/

Introduction Most people as children have wondered to themselves, how and what makes plants green and grow? The answer to this is photosynthesis. “Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use

sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.”(National Geographic Org. 2022) As a result of photosynthesis, Oxygen is released. Most eukaryotes such as animals, humans, and plant eaters rely on photosynthesizers to respire and produce the proper nutrients needed for energy. Microorganisms, algae, and plants are the organisms that can execute photosynthesis.

The difference with cellular respiration is “the process by which organisms combine oxygen with food molecules, diverting the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and discarding, as waste products, carbon dioxide, and water” (Britannica 2022.)The act of cellular respiration is fulfilled through all eukaryotes. In today’s lab, the main focus is to use our knowledge from the previous lecture about photosynthesis and cellular respiration to be executed various exercises.

Absorption Spectrum of Chlorophyll Since the spectrometer was unavailable to the class, our instructor asked each lab bench what color light chlorophyll would be absorbed in and why. My lab partner and I made the educated guess that it would be absorbed in red/blue-violet light on the spectrum. As a product of photosynthesis sunlight is used and chlorophyll absorbs said sunlight to be able to carry out the rest of photosynthesis which also results in the green color most plants have.

Paper Chromatography to Separate Photosynthetic Pigments

can disrupt the amount of green pigment in a plant or leaf. In this exercise, there will be different conditions for the same leaf to differentiate them from each other. Leaf 1 The leaf had been treated from the illuminated plant. Yes, the plant was in the light which equals photosynthesis. There is starch present since when using the iodine it stained from an amber color to blue-purple-black. Chloroplasts are where starch is originally stored, Starch can also be found in seeds before the plant is sprouted. Leaf 2 had been left in the dark for a few days and treated like leaf 1. The leaf is going to stay the amber green color since no sun was present, the sun is needed for ALOT of healthy photosynthesis to occur. The light green/ yellow color means no sun no photosynthesis no abundance of chloroplast project green color. Leaf 3 was kept in the darkness for a few days then covered half the leaf with a foil patch and returned to light for a few more days. The different color side that was covered will be light yellow and greenish tones and the side that is uncovered will be darker due to one side catching more sun to photosynthesize than the other. In conclusion, the movement of starch or sugar is likely to move to the side with sunlight since they both react with each other. Leaf 4 was kept in the darkness for a few days and then returned to the light, then the leaves were smeared with petroleum jelly. The leaf would be unable to photosynthesize ( blocking stomata openings) due to a blockage from vaseline to exchange gases as a result the leaf would be more of a light green maybe yellow-green, almost transparent color rather than a vivid green (chlorophyll breaks down losing that green color). The vaseline acted as a barrier between the sunlight and the opening of the stomata. Stomata on leaves To be able to see the stomata a wet mount slide will need to be prepared. The student is skilled enough from previous labs to cut a piece of the leaf make a wet mount and examine the

specimen. Stomata’s function is to actually take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen to the outside world. Guard cells that are located on the leaf’s epidermis, help the stomata open and close. “Stomatal pores open when guard cells enlarge as a result of water absorption and close when guard cells shrink. The opening and closing of stomata will also depend on factors such as light, temperature, carbon dioxide, and humidity.”(Byjus 2022)

Microscopic Cross-Sections of Leaves From the prepared slide, where photosynthesis occurs is in the chloroplast where evidently is where the chlorophyll is. The outermost layer of the leaf would have the least amount of chlorophyll or photosynthesis. In the slide, it is seen that there are different specialized cells and not just one singular type.

dioxide absorbing more than releasing. Cellular Respiration in Action In this exercise, face masks are highly encouraged, 2 students will record their breaths per minute while sitting and then again right after exercise. Windy’s breaths per minute before exercise was 12 breaths, versus after exercise it was 22 breaths. Another student’s breath per minute before exercise was 20 breaths and then after it was 31 breaths. Increased activity did increase the respiration rate of each person. This occurred because our lungs are using more oxygen during exercise and producing more carbon dioxide. Basal metabolic rate and the effect of physical activity 1. After calculating my personal Basal Metabolic Rate it came out to 1,561 calories a day 2. When picking running from the activity list about 350 calories would be expended in a 30-minute period. 3. Assuming I engage in this activity 7 times a week for 30 minutes a day, the number of calories burned for the week would amount to 2,450 calories. 4. A crucial assumption to make in order to calculate weight loss as a result of physical activity is reducing the energy intake or food and or increasing the amount of exercise.

References cellular respiration | Definition, Equation, Cycle, Process, Reactants, & Products. (2022, August 22). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from britannica/science/cellular-respiration Chloroplast. (n.). BioNinja. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from ib.bioninja.com/higher-level/topic-8-metabolism-cell/untitled-

2/chloroplast Photosynthesis. (2022, July 15). National Geographic Society. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from education.nationalgeographic/resource/photosynthesis What controls the opening and closing of stomata? Q&A. (n.). Byju's. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from byjus/question-answer/what-controls-the-opening-and- closing-of-stomata/

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