Skip to document
Welcome to StudocuSign in to access the best study resources
Guest user
0followers
Upload
HomeMy LibraryAsk AI
  • You don't have any recent items yet.
My Library
  • You don't have any courses yet.
  • You don't have any books yet.
  • You don't have any Studylists yet.

Substance Use and Disorders

Psychology notes on substance use and disorders. Teacher: Kristi Salte...
Course

Abnormal Psychology (PSY 301)

12 Documents
Students shared 12 documents in this course
Academic year: 2023/2024
Uploaded by:
Anonymous Student
This document has been uploaded by a student, just like you, who decided to remain anonymous.
Eastern Connecticut State University

Comments

Please sign in or register to post comments.

Students also viewed

Related documents

Preview text

Substance Use and Disorders

Substance-related disorders - Can be: - Organic impairment resulting from persistent use (i., alcohol-abuse, dementia disorder) - Substance induced mental disorders or syndromes - In DSM-IV there are two umbrella categories for latter: - Substance-abuse disorders (milder version, related to abuse but not necessary dependence) - Substance dependence disorders (more severe, physiological tolerance or withdrawal) - In DSM-5 there is just one category: Substance use disorder What kinds of substances? - Any psychoactive substances (substances that affect mental functioning in the CNS) - Includes illegal - Heroine, cocaine, marijuana - And legal - Alcohol, nicotine, caffeine - Substances that can be prescribed by medical professionals - Oxycontin, ritalin, valium Diagnostic criteria for substance-use disorders - Substance use with at least two of the following within a 12-month period: - Results in failure to fulfill some major obligation - Is hazardous - Results in cravings or urges to use - Continued use despite persistent or recurrent social problems - Tolerance - Withdrawal - desire/unsuccessful efforts to control use - Reduced social/occupational/recreational activities - Continued use despite persistent psych or physical problems Diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder - Since there is no longer a distinction between abuse and dependence, how do we rate severity? - 2-3 symptoms = Mild disorder - 4-5 symptoms = moderate disorder - 6 or more = severe disorder Alcohol use: prevalence, comorbidity, demographics, and alcohol - 22% of americans 12 and older binge drink and 6% found to be heavy drinkers - Shortens lifespan by 12 years - 13% of people ages 12 or older drove under the influence in the past year - Violent crimes The clinical picture of alcohol use disorder - Decreased sexual inhibition, lowered sexual performance - Lapse in memory (i. blackout) - Intoxication - Hangover (e., headache, nausea, fatigue)

Alcohol and the therapeutic index - Therapeutic index is a comparison of amount that will cause desired effect to the amount that will kill you - Calculated (in animals) as LD50/ED - Cannabis - 1000:1 ratio - Morphine - 70:1 ratio - Alcohol - 10:1 ratio Biological causal factors and alcohol use disorder - Activation of the “pleasure pathway” and neural adaptation - Genes (i., hereditary factors) - Living in an environment that promotes initial and continued use of a substance Psychosocial causal factors and alcohol abuse and dependence - Negative role models - Pre-alcoholic personality? - Impact of stress and social expectation Prevention for alcohol use disorder - Primary prevention - Intervene to prevent alcohol abuse in the general healthy population (i., D.A.R) - Secondary prevention - Intervene to prevent alcohol abuse in a risk groups - Tertiary prevention - Treatment of individuals with alcohol-use disorders Treatment for alcohol-related disorders - Disulfiram (i., antabuse) - Naltrexone - Detoxification - Benzodiazepines (e., diazepam) - Tranquilizers - CBT and behavioral therapy - Controlled drinking - AA - Relapse prevention Drug abuse and the facts - Drugs more abused: - Narcotics, sedatives, stimulants, anti-anxiety drugs, pain medications, hallucinogens, and caffeine and nicotine - 1% (within a year) to 7% (over a lifetime) of population are drug-abusers in the US - Most frequently detected illicit drug: marijuana Opium and its derivatives - Opium (mixture of 18 chemicals substances known as alkaloids) - Morphine (alkaloid that makes up 10-15% of opium; bitter tasting powder that serves as a powerful sedative and pain reliever) - Heroin (i., morphine treated with an inexpensive chemical called acetic anhydride, prescribed in the place of morphine for pain relief)

New to DSM- - Gambling disorder - Added to substance use disorder category - Considered an addictive disorder

Was this document helpful?

Substance Use and Disorders

Course: Abnormal Psychology (PSY 301)

12 Documents
Students shared 12 documents in this course

University: Eastern Connecticut State University

Was this document helpful?
Substance Use and Disorders
Substance-related disorders
- Can be:
- Organic impairment resulting from persistent use (i.e., alcohol-abuse, dementia disorder)
- Substance induced mental disorders or syndromes
- In DSM-IV there are two umbrella categories for latter:
- Substance-abuse disorders (milder version, related to abuse but not necessary
dependence)
- Substance dependence disorders (more severe, physiological tolerance or withdrawal)
- In DSM-5 there is just one category: Substance use disorder
What kinds of substances?
- Any psychoactive substances (substances that affect mental functioning in the CNS)
- Includes illegal
- Heroine, cocaine, marijuana
- And legal
- Alcohol, nicotine, caffeine
- Substances that can be prescribed by medical professionals
- Oxycontin, ritalin, valium
Diagnostic criteria for substance-use disorders
- Substance use with at least two of the following within a 12-month period:
- Results in failure to fulfill some major obligation
- Is hazardous
- Results in cravings or urges to use
- Continued use despite persistent or recurrent social problems
- Tolerance
- Withdrawal
- desire/unsuccessful efforts to control use
- Reduced social/occupational/recreational activities
- Continued use despite persistent psych or physical problems
Diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder
- Since there is no longer a distinction between abuse and dependence, how do we rate severity?
- 2-3 symptoms = Mild disorder
- 4-5 symptoms = moderate disorder
- 6 or more = severe disorder
Alcohol use: prevalence, comorbidity, demographics, and alcohol
- 22.6% of americans 12 and older binge drink and 6.8% found to be heavy drinkers
- Shortens lifespan by 12 years
- 13.6% of people ages 12 or older drove under the influence in the past year
- Violent crimes
The clinical picture of alcohol use disorder
- Decreased sexual inhibition, lowered sexual performance
- Lapse in memory (i.e. blackout)
- Intoxication
- Hangover (e.g., headache, nausea, fatigue)

Students also viewed

Related documents