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G Medications 2 - G. Gouda
Pharmacology (NUR 310)
East Coast Polytechnic Institute
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STUDENT NAME _____________________________________
MEDICATION __________________________________________________________________________ REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER ___________
CATEGORY CL A SS ______________________________________________________________________
PURPOSE OF MEDICATION
Expected Pharmacological Action
Complications
Contraindications/Precautions
Interactions
Medication Administration
Evaluation of Medication Effectiveness
Therapeutic Use
Nursing Interventions
Client Education
Brittany Oldham glucagon N/A hormones
Relaxes the musculature of the GI tract (stomach, duodenum, small bowel, and colon), temporarily inhibiting movement.
IV, IM, SC
Large doses may ↑ the effect of warfarin. Negates the response to insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. Hyperglycemic effect is intensified and prolonged by epinephrine. Patients on concurrent beta blocker therapy may have a greater ↑ in heart rate and BP.
Contraindicated in hypersensitivity, pheochromocytoma, and insulinoma.
Use cautiously in prolonged fasting, starvation, adrenal insufficiency, or chronic hypoglycemia (low levels of releasable glucose).
Headache, hypotension, necrolytic migratory erythema, epistaxis, eye redness, itchy eyes, itchy throat, nasal congestion, nasal discomfort, nasal itching, rhinorrhea, sneezing, watery eyes, nausea, vomiting, and cough.
Acute management of severe hypoglycemia. Facilitation of radiographic examination of the GI tract.
Assess for signs of hypoglycemia (sweating, hunger, weakness, headache, dizziness, tremor, irritability, tachycardia, anxiety) prior to and periodically during therapy. Assess nutritional status. Patients who lack liver glycogen stores (starvation, chronic hypoglycemia, adrenal insufficiency) will require glucose instead of glucagon.
Increase of serum glucose to normal levels with improved level of consciousness. Smooth muscle relaxation of the stomach, duodenum, and small and large intestine in patients undergoing radiologic examination of the GI tract.
Advise family that patient should receive oral glucose when alertness returns. Instruct family to position patient on side until fully alert. Explain that glucagon may cause nausea and vomiting. Aspiration may occur if patient vomits while lying on back. Instruct patient to check expiration date monthly and to replace outdated medication immediately.
STUDENT NAME _____________________________________
MEDICATION __________________________________________________________________________ REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER ___________
CATEGORY CL A SS ______________________________________________________________________
PURPOSE OF MEDICATION
Expected Pharmacological Action
Complications
Contraindications/Precautions
Interactions
Medication Administration
Evaluation of Medication Effectiveness
Therapeutic Use
Nursing Interventions
Client Education
Brittany Oldham goldenseal N/A anti-infectives
Hydrastine and berberine are the active compounds that exhibit in vitro uterine stimulant activity.
Topical, PO
May ↑ cyclosporine and digoxin levels. May ↑ levels of CYP 3A4 substrates including lovastatin, sildenafil, and clarithromycin.
Contraindicated in pregnancy, lactation, newborns, and hypertension.
Use cautiously in patients with diabetes, epilepsy, cardiovascular disease, and hyperbilirubinemia.
Kernicterus (in newborns).
Infections of the mucous membranes (bacterial and fungal), conjunctivitis, and GI infections associated with diarrhea, cirrhosis, gallbladder inflammation, and cancer. Prevention of colds and flu.
Assess patient for abdominal distention, presence of bowel sounds, usual pattern of bowel function, and color, consistency, and amount of stool produced. Monitor temperature, and note signs associated with fever (diaphoresis, tachycardia, malaise). Assess wounds for size, appearance, and drainage prior to and during therapy.
Relief of pain associated with dysmenorrhea. Decrease in abdominal and/or epigastric pain. Wound healing.
Instruct patient to avoid driving or other activities requiring mental alertness until response to therapy is known. Warn patient that this herb is associated with excessive toxicity; therefore, some texts do not support its use for any reason.
STUDENT NAME _____________________________________
MEDICATION __________________________________________________________________________ REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER ___________
CATEGORY CL A SS ______________________________________________________________________
PURPOSE OF MEDICATION
Expected Pharmacological Action
Complications
Contraindications/Precautions
Interactions
Medication Administration
Evaluation of Medication Effectiveness
Therapeutic Use
Nursing Interventions
Client Education
Brittany Oldham Granix N/A colony-stimulating factors
A glycoprotein, filgrastim binds to and stimulates immature neutrophils to divide and differentiate. Also activates mature neutrophils.
IV, SC
Simultaneous use with antineoplastics may have adverse effects on rapidly proliferating neutrophils–avoid use for 24 hr before and 24 hr after chemotherapy. Lithium may potentiate the release of neutrophils; concurrent use should be undertaken cautiously.
Contraindicated in hypersensitivity to filgrastim or Escherichia coli-derived proteins.
Use cautiously in congenital neutropenia, patients with sickle cell disease, and pre-existing cardiac disease.
Aortitis, vasculitis, hemoptysis, splenomegaly, glomerulonephritis, excessive leukocytosis, sickle cell crises, thrombocytopenia, pain at injection site, medullary bone pain, and pulmonary infiltrates.
Prevention of febrile neutropenia and associated infection in patients who have received bone marrow–depressing antineoplastics for the treatment of nonmyeloid malignancies.
Monitor heart rate, BP, and respiratory status before and periodically during therapy. Monitor for signs and symptoms of splenic enlargement or rupture (left upper abdominal or shoulder pain). May cause transient positive bone-imaging changes.
Decreased incidence of infection in patients who receive bone marrow– depressing antineoplastics. Reduction of duration and sequelae of neutropenia after bone marrow transplantation. Reduction of the incidence and duration of sequelae of neutropenia in patients with severe chronic neutropenia. Improved harvest of progenitor cells for bone marrow transplantation. Improved survival in patients exposed to myelosuppressive doses of radiation
Instruct patient to notify health care professional immediately if signs and symptoms of spleen enlargement or rupture, allergic reaction, ARDS, glomerulonephritis (swelling of face or ankles, dark colored urine or blood in urine, decrease in urine production), MDS, AML, or vasculitis (skin redness, purple spots on skin) occur. Discuss risk of sickle cell crisis with patients with sickle cell disease before administering.
STUDENT NAME _____________________________________
MEDICATION __________________________________________________________________________ REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER ___________
CATEGORY CL A SS ______________________________________________________________________
PURPOSE OF MEDICATION
Expected Pharmacological Action
Complications
Contraindications/Precautions
Interactions
Medication Administration
Evaluation of Medication Effectiveness
Therapeutic Use
Nursing Interventions
Client Education
Brittany Oldham Grastek N/A immunotherapy
Small doses of antigen produce T-cell activation and downregulation of mucosal mast cells; additional effects include ↓ IgE production, ↑ specific immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) production and changes in interleukin and eosinophil activity.
SL
Concurrent allergen immunotherapy may ↑ risk of adverse reactions. Concurrent beta blockers may ↓ response to bronchodilators or parenteral epinephrine if required for severe allergic reactions to pollen extract.
Contraindicated in severe/unstable/uncontrolled asthma, history of severe allergic or other reaction to sublingual immunotherapy. history of eosinophilic esophagitis, and history of hypersensitivity to inactive ingredients. Use cautiously in patients who may not respond to epinephrine/bronchodilators including those taking beta-blockers.
Fatigue, headache, ear pruritus, throat irritation, dry throat, eye pruritus, nasal discomfort, oropharyngeal pain, pharyngeal edema, sneezing, throat tightness, dyspnea, chest discomfort, mouth edema, oral pruritus, dyspepsia, dysphagia, glossitis, glossodynia, lip swelling, oral hypoesthesia, oral mucosal erythema, oral paraesthesia, stomatitis, swollen tongue, palatal edema, tongue pruritus pruritus, and urticaria.
Treatment of timothy grass-induced allergic rhinitis with/without conjunctivitis, confirmed by testing to be associated with the presence of pollen-specific IgE antibodies.
Monitor for signs and symptoms of allergic reactions (trouble breathing, throat tightness or swelling, trouble swallowing or sleaking, dizziness or fainting, rapid or weak heartbeat, severe stomach cramps or pain, vomiting, diarrhea, severe flushing or itching) for at least 30 min after initial dose. Keep epinephrine, an antihistamine, and resuscitation equipment close by in the event of an anaphylactic reaction. Discontinue therapy of severe allergic reaction occurs. If persistent or escalating reactions occur, re-evaluate therapy and consider discontinuation.
Decreased symptoms or allergic rhinitis and/or conjunctivitis.
Instruct patient in how and when to use autoinjectable epinephrine and to seek immediate medical care if used. Advise patient to stop therapy notify health care professional if signs and symptoms of allergic reactions, asthma attack, oral inflammation, or eosinophilic esophagitis occur.
STUDENT NAME _____________________________________
MEDICATION __________________________________________________________________________ REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER ___________
CATEGORY CL A SS ______________________________________________________________________
PURPOSE OF MEDICATION
Expected Pharmacological Action
Complications
Contraindications/Precautions
Interactions
Medication Administration
Evaluation of Medication Effectiveness
Therapeutic Use
Nursing Interventions
Client Education
Brittany Oldham Gravol N/A antihistamines
Has significant CNS depressant, anticholinergic, antihistaminic, and antiemetic properties.
PO, IV,IM
MAO inhibitors intensify and prolong the anticholinergic effects of antihistamines. May mask signs or symptoms of ototoxicity in patients receiving ototoxic drugs ( aminoglycosides, ethacrynic acid ).
Contraindicated in hypersensitivity and some products contain alcohol or tartrazine; in patients with known intolerance. Use cautiously in angle-closure glaucoma, seizure disorders, and prostatic hyperplasia.
Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, paradoxical excitation (children), hypotension, palpitations, photosensitivity, blurred vision, tinnitus, anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, dysuria, frequency, and pain at IM site.
Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and vertigo accompanying motion sickness.
Assess nausea, vomiting, bowel sounds, and abdominal pain before and after administration of this drug. Dimenhydrinate may mask the signs of an acute abdomen. Monitor intake and output, including emesis. Assess for signs of dehydration (excessive thirst, dry skin and mucous membranes, tachycardia, increased urine specific gravity, poor skin turgor).
Prevention or decreased severity of nausea and vomiting, vertigo, or motion sickness.
Inform patient that this medication may cause dry mouth. Frequent oral rinses, good oral hygiene, and sugarless gum or candy may minimize this effect. Caution patient to avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants concurrently with this medication. Advise patient to use sunscreen and protective clothing to prevent photosensitivity reactions.
STUDENT NAME _____________________________________
MEDICATION __________________________________________________________________________ REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER ___________
CATEGORY CL A SS ______________________________________________________________________
PURPOSE OF MEDICATION
Expected Pharmacological Action
Complications
Contraindications/Precautions
Interactions
Medication Administration
Evaluation of Medication Effectiveness
Therapeutic Use
Nursing Interventions
Client Education
Brittany Oldham griseofulvin N/A antifungals (systemic)
Inhibits mitosis of fungal cells. Deposits in precursor cells of hair, skin, and nails, making them resistant to fungal invasion.
PO
Tachycardia, flushing, and ↑ CNS depression may result if taken concurrently with alcohol. Phenobarbital ↓ blood levels and may ↓ effectiveness. May ↓ the effectiveness of warfarin or hormonal contraceptive agents. Absorption is ↑ by fatty foods.
Contraindicated in hypersensitivity and severe liver disease or porphyria.
Use cautiously in possible cross-sensitivity with penicillin, pregnancy, and lactation.
Headache, dizziness, hearing loss, diarrhea, epigastric distress, extreme thirst, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, photosensitivity, rashes, leukopenia, and lupus-like syndrome.
Treatment of various tinea infections. Should not be used for superficial infections that may respond to topical antifungals.
Assess skin at site of fungal infection routinely during therapy. Assess patient for allergy to penicillin; potential cross-sensitivity exists. Administer with or after meals, preferably meals with high fat content, to minimize GI irritation and increase absorption.
Resolution of signs and symptoms of fungal infection. To prevent relapse, treatment may take wk to mo and should continue until organism is completely eradicated as determined by clinical or laboratory testing. Tinea capitis usually requires treatment for 8–10 wk; tinea corporis, 2–4 wk; tinea pedis, 4–8 wk; onychomycosis, at least 4 mo for fingernails and at least 6 mo for toenails (recurrence rates for toenails are very high).
Instruct patient on hygiene to control sources of infection or reinfection. May cause dizziness. Caution patient to avoid driving or other activities requiring alertness until response to medication is known. Advise patient to wear sunscreen and protective clothing to prevent photosensitivity reaction.
STUDENT NAME _____________________________________
MEDICATION __________________________________________________________________________ REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER ___________
CATEGORY CL A SS ______________________________________________________________________
PURPOSE OF MEDICATION
Expected Pharmacological Action
Complications
Contraindications/Precautions
Interactions
Medication Administration
Evaluation of Medication Effectiveness
Therapeutic Use
Nursing Interventions
Client Education
Brittany Oldham Guiatuss N/A allergy, cold and cough remedies expectorant
Reduces viscosity of tenacious secretions by increasing respiratory tract fluid.
PO
None significant.
Contraindicated in hypersensitivity.
Use cautiously in cough lasting >1 wk or accompanied by fever, rash, headache, and patients receiving disulfiram.
Dizziness, headache, rash, urticaria, nausea, diarrhea, stomach pain, and vomiting.
Coughs associated with viral upper respiratory tract infections.
Assess lung sounds, frequency and type of cough, and character of bronchial secretions periodically during therapy. Maintain fluid intake of 1500–2000 mL/day to decrease viscosity of secretions. Administer each dose of guaifenesin followed by a full glass of water to decrease viscosity of secretions. Extended-release tablets should be swallowed whole; do not open, break, crush, or chew.
Easier mobilization and expectoration of mucus from cough associated with upper respiratory infection.
Inform patient that drug may occasionally cause dizziness. Avoid driving or other activities requiring alertness until response to drug is known. Advise patient to limit talking, stop smoking, maintain moisture in environmental air, and take some sugarless gum or hard candy to help alleviate the discomfort caused by a chronic nonproductive cough.
G Medications 2 - G. Gouda
Course: Pharmacology (NUR 310)
University: East Coast Polytechnic Institute
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