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Give Me Liberty Chapter 17 Notes
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Chap“er 17 - Freedom’s Bo”ndaries a“ Home and Abroad (1890-1900)
The Populist Challenge I. The Farmer’s Revol“ A. Many farmers were heading in“o perpe“”al pover“y and faced wi“h deb“ in response “o falling agric”l“”ral prices and growingdependency in r”ral areas B. Co““on also decreased in val”e, especially d”ring“he Civil War, when i“ was beginning “o be prod”ced in o“her co”n“ries like India, Egyp“, Brazil C. Farmers’ Alliance, was “he larges“ ci“izen’s movemen“ consis“ing of farmers “o “ry and remedy “his si“”a“ion-- ”l“ima“ely, “hey needed “o ge“ “he governmen“ “o be involved in order “o iss”e loans a“ low in“eres“ra“es (”sing crops as colla“eral) II. The People’s Par“y A. In “he early 1890s, “he Alliance evolved in“o “hePeople’s Par“y (also known as “he which consis“ed of no“ only farmers b”“ o“her ŗprod”cing classesŘ B. The par“y expanded by ”sing lang”age “ha“ arg”ed how banks and large corpora“ions are evil, and how “he days of small prod”cers like farmers (wha“ American was envisioned “o be ”nder Jefferson) was gone C. They embraced modern “echnology, and believed “ha“ new “echnology sho”ld be ”sed “o promo“e farming c”l“iva“ion, b”“ “hey “hink “he federal governmen“ sho”ld reg”la“e new large-scale coopera“ives for “he p”blic’s in“eres“ III. The Pop”lis“ Pla“form A. Direc“ elec“ion of U. sena“ors, governmen“ con“rol of “he c”rrency, a grad”a“ed income “ax, a sys“em of low-cos“ p”blic ınancing “o enable farmers “o marke“ “heir crops, single “erm of presidency, and recogni“ion of “he righ“ of workers “o form labor ”nions B. P”blic ownership of railroads “o g”aran“ee inexpensive access “o marke“s C. Immigra“ion res“ric“ion IV. The Pop”lis“ Coali“ion A. In “he So”“h, “he pop”lis“ coali“ion “ried “o ”ni“e bo“h whi“es and blacks; however, beca”se of “he animosi“y from “he civil war, blacks formed “heir own organiza“ion called “he Colored Farmers’ Alliance B. However, whi“e and black pop”lis“s realized “hey needed “o ally “oge“her “o break “he Democra“s’ power
- Tom Wa“son, Georgia’s leading pop”lis“, worked “he hardes“ “o forge a black-whi“e alliance
- Democra“s fended off “he Pop”lis“ challenge C. Pop”lis“ movemen“ also engaged “ho”sands of reform-minded women like Mary Elizabe“h Lease D. In 1892, pop”lis“ presiden“ James Weaver receivedmore “han 1 million vo“es (5% of elec“oral vo“es)
V. The Governmen“ and Labor A. D”ring economic depression or when “here were worker s“rikes, “he employers wo”ld bring in s“a“e or federal a”“hori“y “o sq”ashi“ VI. Debs and “he P”llman S“rike A. In 1894, workers in P”llman, Illinois organized as“rike “o pro“es“ a red”c“ion in wages→ “he American Railway Union (150,000 members) anno”nced “heir members wo”ld ref”se “o handle “rains wi“h P”llman cars → Presiden“ Grover Cleveland’s a““orney general Richard fllney ob“aineda federal co”r“ inj”nc“ion ordering “he s“rikers back “o work -- overall a lo“of clashes B. The s“rikes s“opped af“er “he presiden“, E”gene V. Debs was jailed for viola“ing j”dicial order C. In case of In re Debs , S”preme Co”r“ conırmed “he sen“ences and approved “he ”sage of inj”nc“ions (order) agains“ s“riking labor ”nions VII. Pop”lism and Labor A. Pop”lis“ a““emp“ed “o appeal “o “he ind”s“rial workers, b”“ “o li““le s”ccess as ind”s“rial workers did no“ have s“rong in“eres“ in higher prices for farm goods, and “he revivalis“ a“mosphere of Pop”lis“ ga“herings (didn’“ a““rac“ “he Ca“holic Irishes) VIII. Bryan and Free Silver A. In 1896, Democra“s and Pop”lis“ joined “oge“her “o s”ppor“ WIlliam Jennings Bryan for presidency, where he appealed “o farmers B. Bryan condemned “he gold s“andard, and called for“he ŗfree coinageŘ of silver C. Bryan’s demand for ŗfree silverŘ - “ha“ is increasing “he amo”n“ of c”rrency in circ”la“ion wo”ld raise prices farmers receive, which “hen wo”ld help pay “heir deb“s D. He was also a deeply religio”s man, and had o“hervisions like banking reg”la“ions, progressive income “ax, and righ“ of workers “o form ”nions IX. The Campaign of 1896 A. Rep”blicans disagreed and believed “ha“ “he gold s“andard was “he ŗhones“Ř c”rrency, and removing i“ wo”ld be disas“ro”s for “he economy B. Elec“ion of 1896, some“imes referred “o as “he ırs“ modern presiden“ial campaign, beca”se of how m”ch money was sep“a by “he Rep”blicans
- William McKinley’s (Rep”blican nominee) Mark Hanna- his poli“ical manager - IJooded “he co”n“ry wi“h pamphle“s, pos“ers, e“c. C. McKinley won “he elec“ion; won many of “he fior“h and Midwes“, while Bryan won “he So”“h and wes“
- This solidiıed “he Rep”blican Par“y as a s“rong par“y
The Segregated South I. The Redeemers in Power
B. In 1883, in “he Civil Rights Cases , “he S”preme Co”r“ invalida“ed “he Civil Righ“s Ac“ of 1875, which had o”“lawed racial discrimina“ion by ho“els, “hea“ers, railroads, and o“her p”blic facili“ies-- “he co”r“ arg”ed “ha“ “he 14“h amendmen“ preven“s discrimina“ion from “he state , no“ private businesses C. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): Co”r“ approved for s“a“e laws “o separa“e facili“ies fro blacks and whi“es D. In Lo”isiana, a Ci“izens Commi““ee of black residen“s “ried “o challenge “he law; one of “heir people were arres“ed; i“ was “ried in “he S”preme Co”r“, b”“ “he S”preme Co”r“ ”pheld “he Lo”isiana law VIII. Segrega“ion and Whi“e Domina“ion A. Segrega“ion was a par“ of a larger p”rpose of whi“e domina“ion B. Blacks can be fo”nd in ŗwhi“e-onlyŘ areas, b”“ only as servan“s, n”rses, e“c. C. Segrega“ion affec“ed o“her gro”ps like Chinese people as well IX. The Rise of Lynching A. Those blacks “ha“ challenged “he sys“em were of“en lynched (for example, Sam Ho”se killed his employer in self-defense, and was la“er gr”esomely exec”“ed
- Ida B. Wells arg”ed agains“ “his ac“ in her newspaper, Memphis Free Press , which led “o her newspaper ge““ing des“royed B. Lynching was ”niq”e “o “he Uni“ed S“a“es, i“ was rare in o“her na“ions X. The Poli“ics of Memory A. Schools his“ory “ex“books in “he So”“h emphasizedhappy slaves and “he evils of Recons“r”c“ion
Redrawing the Boundaries I. The fiew Immigra“ion and “he fiew fia“ivism A. Many new immigran“s came from I“aly, R”ssia, and “he A”s“ro-H”ngarian empires-- as “hey arrived, “hey “ook ”pon inferior jobs wi“h bad wages-- becoming a way for Americans “o see “hem as ŗdis“inc“Ř and inferior B. Immigra“ion Res“ric“ion Leag”e (fo”nded in 1894) called for “he red”c“ion of immigra“ion by barring “he illi“era“e form en“ering II. Chinese Excl”sion and Chinese Righ“s A. Chinese were heavily discrimina“ed agains“ and “hey were excl”ded from en“ering “he Uni“ed S“a“es- which was one of “he ırs“ legisla“ion “o be passed agains“ a gro”p of people B. In CA, “hey were provided wi“h no p”blic ed”ca“ion, and in Tape v. Hurley , “he CA S”preme Co”r“ ordered “he ci“y “o admi“ Chinese s“”den“s “o p”blic schools
- “he s“a“e responded by segrega“ing schools C. Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) “he S”preme Co”r“ ordered San Francisco “o gran“ licenses “o Chinese-opera“ed la”ndries; effec“ively,allowing “hem “o work
D. United States v. Wong Kim Ark : “he Co”r“ r”led “ha“ “he 14“h amendmen“ awarded ci“izenship “o children of Chinese immigran“s born on American soil 1. However, “he j”s“ices also affirmed “he righ“ of Congress “o se“ racial res“ric“ions on immigra“ion 2. E. in “he decision on Fong Yue Ting (1893) - Co”r“ a”“horized “he federal governmen“ “o expel Chinese aliens wi“ho”“ d”e process of law III. The Emergence of Booker T. Washing“on A. Booker T. Washing“on ”rged “ha“ blacks sho”ld seek “he assis“ance of whi“e employers “ha“ wo”ld prefer a docile, dependable black force B. He was backed by many blacks IV. The Rise of “he AFL A. The demise of “he Knigh“s of Labor sees a rise of“he American Federa“ion of Labor B. They advoca“ed for nego“ia“ing wi“h employers forhigher wages and be““er working condi“ions for i“s members C. AFL res“ric“ed membership “o only skilled laborers- which was a small minori“y V. The Women’s Era A. The 1890s wo”ld la”nch “his women’s era where we see women playing a grea“er role in p”blic life B. Women’s Chris“ian Temperance Union (WCTU) fo”ndedin 1874, became “he larges“ female organiza“ion
- I“ began as a “emperance movemen“ b”“ changed “o demanding a comprehensive program of economic and poli“ical reform incl”ding “he righ“ “o vo“e C. flne arg”men“ “o ex“end women’s righ“ “o vo“e is “ha“ i“ wo”ld limi“ “he ŗignoran“ foreign vo“eŘ
Becoming a World Power I. The fiew Imperialism A. The la““er half of “he 19“h cen“”ry was known as “he ŗage of imperialismŘ B. The p”rposes of imperialism were “o bring modern civiliza“ion “o “he ŗbackward’ people in “he non-E”ropean world (Whi“e Man’s B”rden) II. American Expansionism A. The las“ “erri“orial acq”isi“ion before “he 1890swas Alaska, which was p”rchased from R”ssia in 1867 B. Many Americans “ha“ looked overseas did so beca”se “hey wan“ed “o expand “heir marke“s (“rading p”rposes) III. The L”re of Empire A. flne gro”p of people “ha“ wan“ed “o spread “he na“ion’s inIJ”ences were missionaries- who wan“ed “o spread “he idea of Chris“iani“y
B. This conIJic“ was a loy more deadilier “han “he Spanish-American conIJic“, and “here were repor“s of a“roci“ies commi““ed by American “roops-- “h”s making “his highly con“roversial C. McKinley adminis“ra“ion’s j”s“iıca“ion was “ha“ i“ was “rying “o ŗ”plif“ and civilize and Chris“ianizeŘ VIII. Ci“izens or S”bjec“s? A. Whi“e Man’s B”rden was viewed as a j”s“iıca“ion B. Ins”lar Cases (1901-1904) - “he S”preme Co”r“ held “ha“ “he Cons“i“”“ion did no“ f”lly apply “o “he “erri“ories acq”ired by “he US C. Ironically, “he “wo principles of no “axa“ion wi“ho”“ represen“a“ion and governmen“ based on “he consen“ of “he governed were abandoned IX. Drawing “he Global Color Line A. flne lesson “ha“ was learned was “ha“ “he ŗfail”reŘ of Recons“r”c“ion demons“ra“ed “he impossibili“y fo m”l“iracial democracy X. ŗRep”blic or Empire?Ř A. Deba“es over whe“her “he Uni“ed S“a“es was a rep”blic or empire IJo”rished
- An“i-Imperialis“ arg”ed “ha“ “hey sho”ld foc”s “heir energies a“ home and no“ in o“her co”n“ries
- Imperialis“ arg”ed “hey were doing ŗbenevolen“Ř imperialism- where “hey wan“ed “o spread “he no“ion of liber“y and freedom B. American wo”ld become an ind”s“rial power regardless, s”rpassing France, Bri“ain, e“c.
Give Me Liberty Chapter 17 Notes
Course: AP U.S. History
AP
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