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WEEK 8-HW-Ch 11 worksheet
General Biology I - Lab (BIO-181L)
Grand Canyon University
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Chapter 11
Definition matching:
(a) Mating factors_10__ (1) Signaling molecule (b) Local regulators_9__ (2) Signaling molecule for nerve cells (c) Paracrine signaling4___ (3) Cell death (d) Synaptic signaling_7__ (4) Messenger molecules travel a short distance (e) Endocrine/Hormonal signaling__8_ (5) Ligand (f) Ligand__1_ (6) cyclic AMP (g) Neurotransmitter_2__ (7) Signal transmission within the nervous system (h) Second messengers6___ (8) Signal molecules travel through the circulatory system (i) Transcription factor___ (9) Signals that cause 2 cells to fuse together (j) Scaffolding protein_12__ (10) Makes RNA using DNA as a template (k) Apoptosis_3__ (11) Signal transmission using local regulators (l) First messengers__11_ (12) A protein that holds relay proteins close together
- Describe the process of apoptosis.
components of the cell are chopped up and packaged into vesicles that are digested by scavenger cells;
prevents enzymes from leaking out and damaging surrounding cells
- What occurs during phosphorylation?
A phosphate is added to a group of existing molecules
- What are second messengers?
molecule inside cells that acts to transmit signals from a receptor to a target
- List and describe the three levels of cell signaling.
Reception: A cell detects a signaling molecule from the outside of the cell
Transduction: When the signaling molecule binds the receptor it changes the receptor protein in some
way.
Response: Finally, the signal triggers a specific cellular response.
How do hormones illicit an intracellular response? by binding to intracellular hormone receptors and modulating gene transcription
Determine if the following terms are referencing local or long distance signaling.
Hormone short Paracrine___short_______ Synaptic__short________
Endocrine long
Secretory Cell short
Target cell__long ________ Local regulator__short ________
Neurotransmitter short______ Autocrine___long _______
- What are the 3 steps of a signal transduction pathway?
Reception, transduction, response
- Number the steps of the Tyrosine Kinase Pathway in the correct order.
__1_Ligand binds to the receptor. __2_The receptors dimerizes. ___4Tyrosine is phosphorylated. _3__The receptor is activated. __5_Activation of relay proteins. _6__A cellular response is elicited
- Based on the image shown above, answer the following questions.
(a) What is the role of the G-Protein Coupled Receptor?
mediate our sense of vision, smell, taste, and pain
- When Epinephrine binds to 2 receptors, it initiates a cAMP second messenger system for transduction of the signal within the activated cell. What class of receptor is a 2 receptor? (choose and circle your answer below)
A. Ion Gated Channel B. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathway
C. G Protein Coupled Receptor
After epinephrine binds to the receptor, what steps occur to result in an increase in cAMP? The increase in cAMP results from activation of adenylyl cyclase, which converts ATP to cAMP and pyrophosphate
An increase in an epinephrine ligand would cause (choose and circle your answer below) A. increase in epinephrine
B. increase in cAMP C. decrease in cAMP
Cell Communication
- What type of signaling works over great distances , a long duration , and over a diffuse area?
endocrine
- Compare and contrast endocrine and paracrine signaling.
Endocrine signaling travels through the blood stream and paracrine signaling is cell to cell signaling
- How do hormones travel to their targets in animal cells and in plant cells?
In animals the circulatory system transfers the signals in plants the hormones diffuse across the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane
What do cells use to communicate when they are in direct contact with one another? Paracrine signaling
What are the three stages of the cell signaling process? Briefly describe each.
Reception- a chemical signal binds to a cellular protein, transduction- binding leads to change, response- activation of cellular response,
- Define the term Ligand.
A molecule that binds to another molecule
What is the difference between a protein kinase and a protein phosphatase? Protein kinase catalyzes the transfer of phosphate to atp and protein phosphate catalyzes the transfer of phosphate to water molecules
Draw a G-protein receptor and diagram its signaling cascade.
Draw a Tyrosine-kinase receptor and diagram its signaling cascade.
Draw a ligand-gated ion channel and diagram its signaling cascade.
What types of molecules bind to intracellular receptors?
Membrane permeable ligands
- When testosterone binds to a receptor in the cytoplasm, the complex goes into the nucleus of the cell and then does what? Sketch this intracellular receptor signaling cascade
WEEK 8-HW-Ch 11 worksheet
Course: General Biology I - Lab (BIO-181L)
University: Grand Canyon University
