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Copy of Heat Transfer by Conduction (Students)
BS in Accountancy (hahsusudnx86)
Harvard University
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Name: Ismail Date: June 15th, 2022
Student Exploration: Heat Transfer by Conduction
Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts in the orange boxes.
Vocabulary: conduction, convection, insulate, radiation, thermal conductor, thermal energy, thermal insulator
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) Suppose two frying pans have been left on the stove with the burners on. One of the frying pans has a metal handle and the other has a wooden handle.
Which handle do you think you could safely touch? The wooden handle.
Why do you think one handle will be cooler than the other?
Because wood conducts less heat than metal.
Gizmo Warm-up Heat, also called thermal energy , can be transmitted through space ( radiation ), by moving fluids ( convection ), or through direct contact. This final method, called conduction , is explored in the Heat Transfer by Conduction Gizmo.
To begin, check that Aluminum is selected. Select the BAR CHART tab and turn on Show numerical values.
1. What is the initial temperature of each beaker? Beaker A 95 ° Beaker B 5 °
- Click Play ( ) and observe.
A. What happens to the temperature of Beaker A over time?
The temperature decreases overtime then ends at 50°.
B. What happens to the temperature of Beaker B over time?
The temperature increases overtime then ends at 50°
- Why do you think the temperatures of Beaker A and Beaker B changed as they did?
The aluminum is conducting the heat from the warmer beaker to the cooler one until they are at the same temperature.
Activity A:
Measuring heat transfer
Get the Gizmo ready:
● Click Reset ( ). ● Check that Aluminum is selected.
Question: How does the temperature difference between two containers relate to the rate of temperature change?
- ✏Observe:
What does the graph show about the rate of temperature change over time?
Beaker A is decreasing in temperature, while Beaker B is increasing over time.
- Form hypothesis: How do you think the temperature difference between the beakers relates to the rate of heat transfer?
The greater the temperature difference, the greater the rate at which heat transfers.
- Gather data: Select the TABLE tab. Click Reset , and then click Play. Click Pause ( ) every 100 seconds (does not have to be exact). Each time you click Pause , record the temperature of each beaker and their temperature difference in the table below. (To find the temperature difference, subtract the temperature of beaker B from that of beaker A.)
Time (s) Beaker A temp. (°C) Beaker B temp. (°C) Temp. difference (°C) 0 s 95 °C 5 °C 90 °C 100 s 77 °C 22 °C 54 °C 200 s 66 °C 33 °C 33 °C 300 s 60 °C 40 °C 20 °C
Activity B:
Conductors and insulators
Get the Gizmo ready: ● Click Reset. ● Select the TABLE tab.
Introduction: Materials that allow heat to pass through easily are called thermal conductors. Materials that resist the transfer of heat are called thermal insulators.
Question: Which materials are the best conductors? Which are the worst conductors?
- Predict: In the Gizmo, you can use aluminum, copper, steel, or glass to connect the two insulated beakers.
A. Which material do you think will be the best thermal conductor? Copper
B. Which material do you think will be the best thermal insulator? Glass
- Gather data: With Aluminum selected, click Play. Click Pause after about 200 simulated seconds. Record the temperature of each beaker at 200 seconds. Next, calculate the temperature change of Beaker A. Repeat with each material to complete the table.
Material
Beaker A temp. at 200 seconds (°C)
Beaker B temp. at 200 seconds (°C)
Beaker A temp. change (°C) Aluminum 66 °C 33 °C 28 °C Copper 56 °C 43 °C 38 °C Steel 86 °C 14 °C 9 °C Glass 94 °C 5 °C 0 °C
- Analyze: What does your data indicate?
My data indicates that copper is the best thermal conductor and glass is the worst thermal conductor.
- Classify: Which materials would you classify as thermal conductors, and which would you classify as an insulator? Which material was the best thermal conductor?
Thermal conductors: Copper: Best thermal conductor.
Aluminum: Thermal conductor
Glass: Thermal insulator.
Thermal insulator: Glass Best thermal conductor: Copper
- Apply: A good frying pan will transfer heat quickly from the stove burner to the food. Based on the results of
the Gizmo, which material would be best for frying pans? Copper
Why? This is because Copper absorbs more heat, which means that it will take less time than usual to make your food or meal that you’re having.
Copy of Heat Transfer by Conduction (Students)
Course: BS in Accountancy (hahsusudnx86)
University: Harvard University
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