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Cardiovascular Exemplars 08232020
Professional Nursing III (NUR 2790)
Rasmussen University
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Comparison of Cardiovascular Exemplars:
Angina Acute Myocardial Infarction Pathophysiology Temporary imbalance between coronary artery’s ability to supply oxygen and cardiac muscle’s demand for oxygen. Ischemia limited in duration and does not cause permanent damage to myocardial tissue. Stable and unstable.
Starts with unstable angina. There is reduced blood flow in a coronary artery, often d/t rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, but the artery is not completely occluded. As the cells are deprived of O2, ischemia develops, cellular injury occurs, and lack of O2 leads to infarction or death of the cells.
Etiology Physical exertion, exposure to cold, eating a heavy meal, stress
The sudden constriction or narrowing of the coronary artery The decrease in O2 supply occurs from acute blood loss, anemia, or low BP A rapid HR, thyrotoxicosis, or ingestion of cocaine causes an increase in the demand for O Assessment Findings (including Diagnostics)
Patients present with ST changes on 12-lead ECG but will not have changes in troponin or CK levels. Cardiac Stress Test Nuclear Stress test Dizziness Fatigue Nausea SOB Sweating
S/S
Chest pain SOB Indigestion Tachycardia / tachypnea Coolness in extremities, perspiration, anxiety and restlessness Fever ECG; CPK-MB; LDH; Troponins; myoglobin; electrolytes; CXR; Coronary angiography MRI Exercise stress test Nursing Diagnosis Decrease Cardiac Output Acute Pain
Ineffective cardiac tissue perfusion Decreased Cardiac output Acute pain Interventions (including meds
Meds Nitrates; ASA; anticoagulants; beta
Morphine for pain Ace Inhibitors; beta blockers
and Surgical interventions)
blockers (atenolol, nadolol, propranolol); statins; calcium channel blockers (Cardizem, Procardia, Norvasc) Procedures Angioplasty and stenting Coronary artery bypass surgery ECP
Thrombolytics CABG Coronary Stent MIDCAB
Reference
Ignatavicius, D. D., Workman, M. L., Rebar, C. R., & Heimgartner, N. M. (2016). Medical-surgical nursing: Concepts for
interprofessional collaborative care (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO, MO: Elsevier. Retrieved July 28, 2020, from
ambassadored.vitalsource/#/books/9780323461580/cfi/6/10!/4/2/6/2@0:
Macon, B. (2013, March 18). Acute Myocardial Infarction: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment. Retrieved August 23, 2020, from
healthline/health/acute-myocardial-infarction
Mayo Clinic. (2020, June 12). Angina. Retrieved August 23, 2020, from
mayoclinic/diseases-conditions/angina/diagnosis-treatment/drc-
Cardiovascular Exemplars 08232020
Course: Professional Nursing III (NUR 2790)
University: Rasmussen University
