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Med Term Ch 15 - Chapter 15!! - MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

Chapter 15!!
Course

Medical Terminology (HSC 236)

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Academic year: 2020/2021
Listed booksMedical TerminologyMEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
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Chapter 15: endocrinology

Introduction to endocrinology

  • Endocrine system consists of group of glands: two adrenal glands, two ovaries (or two testes), four parathyroid glands, the pancreas, the pineal gland, the pituitary gland, thymus gland, and thyroid gland
  • Plays vital role in homeostasis: maintaining a stable internal environment, glands secrete hormones: internal chemical messengers, travel through bloodstream to target organs, and regulate activity level of target organ
  • Subspecialty of internal medicine, endocrinology diagnose and treat conditions that develop as a result of hormone imbalance, hypersecretion: too much hormone, hyposecretion: too little hormone

Endocrinology combining forms

aden/o Gland adren/o Adrenal glands

adrenal/o Adrenal glands crin/o To secrete

glyc/o sugar glycos/o sugar

oophor/o ovary orchi/o testes

ovari/o ovary pancreat/o pancreas

parathyroid/o Parathyroid gland pineal/o Pineal gland

pituitar/o Pituitary gland testicul/o testes

thym/o Thymus gland thyr/o Thyroid gland

thyroid/o Thyroid gland acr/o extremities

carcin/o cancer cyt/o cell

ophthalm/o eye toxic/o poison

-al Pertaining to -an Pertaining to

-ar Pertaining to -centesis Puncture to withdraw fluid

-cyte cell -dipsia thirst

-ectomy Surgical removal -edema swelling

-emia Blood condition -ic Pertaining to

-ism State of, condition -itis inflammation

-logist One who studies -logy Study of

-malacia Abnormal softening -megaly enlarged

-oid resembling -oma Tumor, mass

-osis Abnormal condition -otomy Cutting into

-pathy disease -pexy Surgical fixation

-plasty Surgical repair -rrhexis rupture

-uria Urine condition endo- Within, inner

ex- outward hyper- excessive

hypo- Below, insucient poly- Many

Building endocrinology terms

  • aden/o

    • Combining form meaning gland, group of cells that work together: produce and secrete substances like hormones
    • Cancerous tumor in a gland: adenocarcinoma, gland cell: adenocyte, resembling a gland: adenoid

  • adren/o

    • Combining form meaning adrenal gland, two adrenal glands: each sits on top of a kidney, divided into outer adrenal cortex and inner adrenal medulla
    • Adrenal cortex secretes: aldosterone to regulate sodium levels in the body, cortisol to regulate carbohydrate metabolism, sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, Adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine: also called adrenaline, helps body to respond in emergency situations
    • Pertaining to the adrenal gland: adrenal, enlarged adrenal gland: adrenomegaly

  • adrenal/o

    • Another combining form meaning adrenal gland, surgical removal of an adrenal gland: adrenalectomy, adrenal gland disease: adrenalopathy

  • crin/o

    • Combining form meaning to secrete, refers to glands releasing substances such as hormones, study of the glands that secrete within: endocrinology, a tumor that secretes within: endocrinoma

  • glyc/o

    • Combining form meaning sugar, usually refers to glucose: primary sugar used by body for energy production, blood condition of excessive sugar: hyperglycemia, blood condition of insucient sugar: hypoglycemia

  • glycos/o

    • Another combining form meaning sugar, condition of sugar in the urine: glycosuria

  • Another combining form meaning thyroid gland, condition of insucient thyroid gland secretion: hypothyroidism

Endocrinology vocabulary

acromegaly Chronic condition developing in adults with excessive growth hormone; results in elongation and enlargement of bones of head and extremities

Adrenal feminization

Development of female secondary secual characteristics (such as breasts) in male as result of increased estrogen secretion by adrenal cortex

Adrenal virilism Development of male secondary sexual characteristics (such as deeper voice and facial hair) in female as result of increased androgen secretion by adrenal cortex

Blood serum test Blood test to measure level of substances such as hormones in blood stream; used to study function of endocrine glands

Congenital hypothyroidism

Condition present at birth that results in lack of thyroid hormones; results in poor physical and mental development; formerly called cretinism

corticosteroids In addition to normal function, these hormones from adrenal cortex also have strong anti-inflammatory action; can be used to treat severe chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis

Cushing syndrome Condition resulting from hypersecretion of adrenal cortex; can be product of adrenal gland tumor; symptoms include weakness, edema, excess hair growth, skin discoloration, and osteoporosis

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

Condition caused by insucient antidiuretic hormone secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary gland; symptoms include polyuria and polydipsia

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

Chronic disorder of sugar metabolism; symptoms include hyperglycemia and glycosuria; two dierent forms of diabetes mellitus; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type 2

dwarfism Being excessively short in height; may be result of lack of growth hormone

exophthalmos Condition in which eyeballs protrude, such as in Graves disease; commonly caused by hypersecretion of thyroid hormones

Fasting blood sugar (FBS)

Blood test to measure amount of sugar in blood stream after a 12-hour fast

gigantism Excessive growth of body due to hypersecretion of growth hormone in a child or teenager

Glucose tolerance test (GTT)

Test for initial diagnosis of diabetes mellitus; patient is given dose of glucose; then blood samples are taken at regular intervals to determine patient’s ability to use glucose properly

goiter Enlargement of the thyroid gland Graves disease Condition resulting from hypersecretion of thyroid hormones; symptoms include exophthalmos and goiter

Hashimoto disease Chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis, results in hyposecretion of thyroid hormones

Hormone replacement therapy

Artificial replacement of hormones in patients with hyposecretion disorders; available in pill, injection, or adhesive skin patch forms

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

Also called type 1 diabetes mellitus; tends to develop early in life; pancreas stops producing insulin; can be autoimmune disease; patient must take insulin injections

myxedema Condition resulting from hyposecretion of thyroid hormones in an adult; symptoms include anemia, slow speech, swollen facial features; puy and dry skin, drowsiness, and mental sluggishness

Non-insulin-depe ndent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

Also called type 2 diabetes mellitus; typically develops later in life; pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin but cells fail to respond; patients may take medication to improve insulin functions

pheochromocytoma Usually benign tumor of adrenal medulla; secretes excessive amounts of epinephrine; symptoms include anxiety, heart palpitations. Dyspnea, profuse sweating, headache, and nausea

Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU)

Test of thyroid function that measures how much radioactively tagged iodine is removed from the bloodstream by the thyroid gland

Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

Test used to measure levels of hormones in the plasma of the blood

tetany Nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps resulting from hypocalcemia; hypoparathyroidism is one cause

Thyroid function test

Blood test to measure levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyroid=stimulating hormone in the bloodstream to evaluate thyroid function

Thyroid scan Test in which radioactive iodine is administered that localizes in the thyroid gland; gland is visualized with a scanning device; able to detect thyroid gland tumors

thyrotoxicosis Condition resulting from extreme hypersecretion of thyroid hormones; symptoms include rapid heart action, tremors, enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos, and weight loss

Exam review

ACTH: adrenocorticotropic, ADH: antidiuretic hormone, DI: diabetes insipidus, DM: diabetes mellitus, FBS: fasting blood sugar, FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone, GH:

growth hormone, GTT: glucose tolerance test, IDDM: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, K+: potassium, LH: luteinizing hormone, MSH: melanocyte-stimulating

hormone, Na+: sodium, NIDDM: non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NPH: neutral protamine, PRL: prolactin, PTH: parathyroid hormone, RAIU: radioactive iodine

uptake, T3: triiodothyronine, T4: thyroxine, TFT: thyroid function test, TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone

Cancerous tumor in gland: adenocarcinoma, gland cell: adenocyte, resembling gland: adenoid, abnormal softening of gland: adenomalacia, pertaining to the adrenal

gland: adrenal, enlarged adrenal gland: adrenomegaly, surgical removal of adrenal gland: adrenalectomy, adrenal gland inflammation: adrenalitis, adrenal gland

disease: adrenalopathy, study of the glands that secrete within: endocrinology, one who studies the glands that secrete within: endocrinologist, tumor that secretes

within: endocrinoma, disease that secretes within: endocrinopathy, excessive sugar blood condition: hyperglycemia, insucient sugar blood condition: hypoglycemia,

condition of sugar in urine: glycosuria, ovary inflammation: oophoritis, surgical repair of ovary: oophoroplasty, cutting into ovary: oophorotomy, surgical removal of

ovary: oophorectomy, surgical removal of testes: orchiectomy, surgical fixation of testes: orchiopexy, cutting into testes: orchiotomy, pertaining to ovary: ovarian,

puncture of ovary to remove fluid: ovariocentesis, ruptured ovary: ovariorrhexis, pertaining to pancreas: pancreatic, surgical removal of pancreas: pancreatectomy,

pancreas inflammation: pancreatitis, cutting into pancreas: pancreatotomy, pertaining to parathyroid gland: parathyroidal, surgical removal of parathyroid gland:

parathyroidectomy, condition of excessive parathyroid gland secretion: hyperparathyroidism, condition of insucient parathyroid gland secretion: hypoparathyroidism, a

surgical removal of pineal gland: pinealectomy, condition of insucient pituitary gland secretion: hypopituitarism, condition of excessive pituitary gland (secretion):

hyperpituitarism, many (too much) thirst: polydipsia, many (too much) urine condition: polyuria, pertaining to testes: testicular, pertaining to thymus gland: thmic,

surgical removal of thymus gland: thymectomy, thymus gland inflammation: thymitis, thymus gland tumor: thymoma, enlarged thyroid gland: thyromegaly, cutting

into thyroid gland: thyrotomy, pertaining to thyroid gland: thyroidal, thyroid gland inflammation: thyroiditis, surgical removal of thyroid gland: thyroidectomy, condition of excessive thyroid gland secretion: hyperthyroidism, condition of insucient thyroid gland secretion: hypothyroidism, endocrine glands: secrete hormones

into the bloodstream, exocrine: secrete through bile ducts

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Med Term Ch 15 - Chapter 15!! - MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

Course: Medical Terminology (HSC 236)

39 Documents
Students shared 39 documents in this course

University: The University of Tampa

Was this document helpful?
Chapter 15: endocrinology
Introduction to endocrinology
- Endocrine system consists of group of glands: two adrenal glands, two ovaries (or two testes), four parathyroid glands, the pancreas, the pineal gland, the
pituitary gland, thymus gland, and thyroid gland
- Plays vital role in homeostasis: maintaining a stable internal environment, glands secrete hormones: internal chemical messengers, travel through
bloodstream to target organs, and regulate activity level of target organ
- Subspecialty of internal medicine, endocrinology diagnose and treat conditions that develop as a result of hormone imbalance, hypersecretion: too much
hormone, hyposecretion: too little hormone
Endocrinology combining forms
aden/o
Gland
adren/o
Adrenal glands
adrenal/o
Adrenal glands
crin/o
To secrete
glyc/o
sugar
glycos/o
sugar
oophor/o
ovary
orchi/o
testes
ovari/o
ovary
pancreat/o
pancreas
parathyroid/o
Parathyroid gland
pineal/o
Pineal gland
pituitar/o
Pituitary gland
testicul/o
testes
thym/o
Thymus gland
thyr/o
Thyroid gland
thyroid/o
Thyroid gland
acr/o
extremities
carcin/o
cancer
cyt/o
cell
ophthalm/o
eye
toxic/o
poison
-al
Pertaining to
-an
Pertaining to
-ar
Pertaining to
-centesis
Puncture to withdraw fluid
-cyte
cell
-dipsia
thirst
-ectomy
Surgical removal
-edema
swelling
-emia
Blood condition
-ic
Pertaining to
-ism
State of, condition
-itis
inflammation
-logist
One who studies
-logy
Study of
-malacia
Abnormal softening
-megaly
enlarged
-oid
resembling
-oma
Tumor, mass
-osis
Abnormal condition
-otomy
Cutting into
-pathy
disease
-pexy
Surgical fixation

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