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Unit 1 Study Guide for AP World History
World History (HY 390)
University of Alabama
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Unit 1: The Global Tapestry Exam Study Guide
c. 1200 - c. 1450
Topic 1 Developments in East Asia from c. 1200 to c. 1450
Learning Objective
Explain the systems of government employed by Chinese dynasties and how they developed over time.
Historical Developments
Empires and states in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity in the 13th century. This included the Song Dynasty of China, which utilized traditional methods of Confucianism and imperial bureaucracy to maintain and justify its rule.
1. Describe Song China (include SPICE-T characteristics).
The Song Dynasty began in 960 and lasted until 1279. It was founded by Taizu.
Social characteristic is the filial piety, a show of respect for elders.
Political characteristic is imperial bureaucracy.
Intellectual characteristic is Confucianism.
Cultural characteristic is Confucianism, Buddhism.
Economic characteristic is trading.
Technological characteristics is weapons were made there.
2. Explain the influence of Confucianism on Song China’s political system.
The civil service exam, which could allow people to get good jobs and the
bureaucracy, was based on knowledge on Confucian texts, China’s bureaucratic
system a meritocracy and a new social class called the scholar gentry was created
Learning Objective
Explain the effects of Chinese cultural traditions on East Asia over time.
Historical Developments
Chinese cultural traditions continued, and they influenced neighboring regions.
Cultural traditions: ● Filial piety in East Asia ● Influence of Neo-Confucianism and Buddhism in East Asia ● Confucian traditions of both respect for and expected deference from women ● Chinese literary and scholarly traditions and their spread to Heian Japan and Korea
Buddhism and its core beliefs continued to shape societies in Asia and included a variety of branches, schools, and practices.
Branches of Buddhism: ● Theravada ● Mahayana ● Tibetan
3. Explain the influence of Confucianism on Song China’s society and
culture.
Men were now even more valued than women, but were also given lots of very high
expectations to pass the Exams. A son passing would mean a better life for the
whole family.
4. How did Buddhism arrive in China?
It was transferred through the Silk Roads by trade
5. What were the cultural impacts of the arrival of Buddhism?
Zen Buddhism and Neo-Confucianism happened. Many Confucians began to adopt
Buddhism’s ideals into daily life
Learning Objective
Explain the effects of innovation on the Chinese economy over time.
Historical Developments
The economy of Song China became increasingly commercialized while continuing to depend on free peasant and artisanal labor.
The economy of Song China flourished as a result of increased productive capacity, expanding trade networks, and innovations in agriculture and manufacturing.
Technological innovations: ● Champa rice ● Transportation innovations like the Grand Canal expansion ● Steel and iron production ● Textiles and porcelains for export
6. Explain the effects of each of the following on Song China:
● The Grand Canal
The Grand Canal enable China to become the most populous trading area in the
world
● Champa rice:
Since champa rice was fast growing, drought resistant and could grow on lots of
places, there was an abundance of food and the population grew
● Chinese production of textiles and porcelain:
They were highly desired and everyone traded them so China became the world’s
most commercialized society
Topic 1 Developments in Dar al-Islam from c. 1200 to c. 1450
Learning Objective
Explain how systems of belief and their practices affected society in the period from c. 1200 to c. 1450.
Historical Developments
Islam , Judaism , Christianity , and the core beliefs and practices of these religions continued to shape societies in Africa and Asia.
7. List the core beliefs/practices of Islam:
The five pillars are the core beliefs and practices of Islam. The shahada, the belief
that “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God” is central
to Islam
8. List the core beliefs/practices of Judaism:
Judaism is a Monotheistic religion. The most Important teaching of Judaism is that
there is one God, who wants people to do what is just and compassionate
9. List the core beliefs/practices of Christianity:
Believe in the Holy Trinity, Heaven and Hell, Jesus’ death and return, and his second coming
Learning Objective
Explain the causes and effects of the
Historical Developments
As the Abbasid Caliphate fragmented, new Islamic political entities emerged, most
10 the Abbasid Caliphate (include SPICE-T characteristics):
Political: Common use of shariah created similar legal systems
Intellectual: Great universities created centers for sharing innovations
Muslim and Christian Spain
16 the significance of the House of Wisdom in Abbasid Baghdad:
Scholars could travel here, to this center of learning, which helped the Islamic
community help transfer knowledge throughout Afro-Eurasia
Topic 1 Developments in South and Southeast Asia from c. 1200 to c. 1450
Learning Objective
Explain how the various belief systems and practices of South and Southeast Asia affected society over time.
Historical Developments
Hinduism , Islam , and Buddhism , and their core beliefs and practices, continued to shape societies in South and Southeast Asia.
Beliefs and practices: ● Bhakti movement ● Sufism ● Buddhist monasticism
17 how Hinduism impacted societies in South and Southeast Asia:
Vijayanagar Empire, Rajput kingdoms, Urdu, Bhakti Movement, Srivijaja Empire,
main religion before Islam and Buddhism showed up
18 how Islam impacted societies in South and Southeast Asia:
Islam entered India forcefully at first then because more peaceful. Islam attracted
low-caste Hindus. The most converts to Islam were Buddhists.
19 how Buddhism impacted societies in South and Southeast Asia:
Buddhism spread throughout Southeast Asia, but the spread of Islam made
Buddhism a minority religion in its place of birth. It still influenced civilization through
Buddhist monks, monasteries, priests as advisors to monarchs in some areas,
Majapahit Kingdom, etc
20 role did Sufi missionaries play in spreading Islam?
They tended to adapt to local cultures and traditions, sometimes interweaving local
religious elements into Islam, winning many converts
21 role did Buddhist monasteries play in spreading Buddhism and
promoting trade?
Monasteries and nunneries flourished because both men and women found a life of
contemplation and simple living attractive.
Learning Objective
Explain how and why various states of South and Southeast Asia
Historical Developments
State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, including the new Hindu and Buddhist states that emerged in South and
22 did the Srivijaya Empire develop and maintain power?
Their authority was exercised by creating 4 different ecological zones that were
controlled by different parts of the kingdom. This allowed Srivijaya to establish trade
routes.
developed and maintained power over time.
Southeast Asia.
Hindu/Buddhist States: ● Vijayanagara Empire ● Srivijaya Empire ● Rajput kingdoms ● Khmer Empire ● Majapahit ● Sukhothai kingdom ● Sinhala dynasties
Topic 1 State Building in the Americas
Learning Objective
Explain how and why states in the Americas developed and changed over time.
Historical Developments
In the Americas, as in Afro-Eurasia, state systems demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, and expanded in scope and reach.
State systems in the Americas: ● Maya city-states ● Mexica ● Inca ● Chaco ● Mesa Verde ● Cahokia
23 the Maya city-states (include SPICE-T characteristics) :
Social: at peak, 2 million Mayans
Political: main form of Mayan government, each ruled by king, city and its
surrounding territory, wars common
Intellectual: honor many deities (most important sun, rain, corn), made offerings to
get answered prayers
Cultural: classical culture in south Mexico and Central America, sacrifice, math
Economic: tribute, common people payed taxes (crops), moderate trade
Technology: writing system, monumental architecture, calendar
24 the Inca (include SPICE-T characteristics) :
S: polytheistic (sun god Inti v important) animism
P: split into 4 provinces each with own governor and bureaucracy, wars for conquest,
powerful king
I: quipu (record numbers for trade, engineering and recording messages)C:
E: no tribute, mit'a system, limited trade
T: Waru Waru, roads like Carpa Nan, masonry
25 the Mexica (include SPICE-T characteristics):
S: emperor, nobles, scribes/healers, craftspeople/traders, peasants/soldiers. could
become slaves (debt/crime/sacrifice).
P: grouped city-states into provinces, theocracy, commitment to military victory, wars
for captives
I: Gods sacrificed themselves to make world so human sacrifice was repayment for
sin
C: valuable cloth
E: tribute system (practical goods and luxury items), extensive trade
T: Great Pyramid, chinampas, aqueducts
Learning Objective
Explain the effects of agriculture on social organization in Europe from c. 1200 to c. 1450.
Historical Developments
Europe was largely an agricultural society dependent on free and coerced labor, including serfdom.
31 the social hierarchy of feudal Europe:
Monarch, lord, knight, serf
32 was the role of serfdom in Europe?
Serfs were peasants who weren't slaves but were tied to the land of their lord
33 eventually happened to serfdom? (How did it change moving into
the 1450-1750 time period)?
Monarchies got more powerful, more trade changed the social pyramid, middle class
(bourgeoisie) appeared, Renaissance
TOPIC 1 Comparisons in the Period from c. 1200 to c. 1450
Learning Objective
Explain the similarities and differences in the processes of state formation from c. 1200 to c. 1450
Historical Developments
State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity in various regions ● As the Abbasid Caliphate fragmented, new Islamic political entities emerged, most of which were dominated by Turkic peoples. These states demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity ● Empires and states in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity in the 13th century. This included the Song Dynasty of China, which utilized traditional methods of Confucianism and an imperial bureaucracy to maintain and justify its rule. ● State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, including the new Hindu and Buddhist states that emerged in South and Southeast Asia ● In the Americas, as in Afro-Eurasia, state systems demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, and expanded in scope and reach ● In Africa, as in Eurasia and the Americas, state systems demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, and expanded in scope and reach
CONTEXT STATEMENTS PRACTICE:
Instructions: Write a contextual statement for each of the prompts below. This will not only help you review content from Unit 1 (1200-1450),
but also help you practice writing context statements which, if done successfully, can earn you one point on both the DBQ and LEQ essays.
To earn this point, the response must relate the topic of the prompt to broader historical events, developments, or processes that occur before,
during, or continue after the time frame of the question. This point is not awarded for merely a phrase or reference.
The final sentence of your context should narrow down to the topic of the prompt, tying your contextual statement to your thesis statement.
Prompt 1 : Evaluate the extent to which agriculture affected social organization in Europe from c. 1200 - 1450.
Agriculture influenced social organization in Europe from c. 1200 to c. 1450 by establishing feudalism. The social organization of feudalism
was shaped by the division of society into three classes: king, nobles, and peasants. All of the land in the Middle Ages belonged to the king,
who gave it to nobles for agriculture in order to earn money for himself. Peasants (serfs) labored on the land, bound to it and prohibited to
leave without their lord's permission.
Prompt 2 : Evaluate the extent to which the diffusion of Islam impacted the development of African states in the 1200 - 1450 time period.
Islam's spread influenced African state development by introducing new concepts and adding to pre-existing African practices. The
presence of Muslims led to the construction of Mosques, which impacted the Sahelian architectural style. African societies have verbal
communication systems as well.
Prompt 3 : Evaluate the extent to which belief systems and practices impacted South and Southeast Asian societies in the 1200 - 1450 time
period.
Reincarnation is a belief shared by Hinduism (with its caste system) and Buddhism (which began as a reformist movement within Hinduism).
When there is little competition for authority, this encourages stability but also allows for stagnation. Hinduism is also highly diverse, which
makes it difficult to form an empire. Due to the mixing of political leadership with religion, Islam, on the other hand, is far more unified. As a
Unit 1 Study Guide for AP World History
Course: World History (HY 390)
University: University of Alabama
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