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UGA Professor WOLF HIST 2111 Midterm Vocab Flashcards Quizlet
American History To 1865 (HIST 2111)
University of Georgia
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UGA PROFESSOR WOLF HIST 2111 MIDTERM VOCAB
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Cahokia
what? five-square-mile city, the hub of political and trading activities; many mounds constructed here where? along the Mississippi River when? height at 1100 CE
HS: represents a large complex of late Mississippian culture
(this civilization declined—possibly because the area became unable to support the large population)
Ferdinand and Isabella
who? King and Queen of Spain what? Isabella motivated the Inquisition in 1480 funded exploration and trade with the East funded Christoper Colombus
HS: their marriage united two of the most powerful independent kingdoms on the Iberian peninsula and laid the foundation for the modern nation of Spain Forced Jews out of Spain Funded Christopher Colombus
Transatlantic slave trade
who? For two hundred years, 1440-1640, Portugal had a monopoly on the export of slaves from Africa. Portugal and Dutch what? 1. The first stage of the Triangular Trade involved taking manufactured goods from Europe to Africa. These goods were exchanged for African slaves. 2. The second stage of the Triangular Trade (the middle passage) involved shipping the slaves to the Americas. 3 third, and final, stage of the Triangular Trade involved the return to Europe with the produce from the slave-labor plantations where? Europe, Africa, Caribbean when? mid-fifteenth century when Portuguese interests became slaves; peak towards the end of the eighteenth century
HS: development of the modern world economy and commercial capitalism in the colonies change in labor force in the colonies race based slavery
UGA PROFESSOR WOLF HIST 2111 MIDTERM VOCAB
Elmina Castle
who? the Portuguese what? the first fortified European trading post in sub-Saharan Africa Portuguese traders soon began to settle around the fort and established the town of Elmina. where? present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa when? constructed in 1482
HS: the fort later became a dungeon where slaves were held. the dungeon of Elmina was their last sight of their home country. major deportation site
Protestant Reformation
who? Began with the reform efforts of Martin Luther in 1517 and John Calvin in the 1530s what? split of European Christians
HS: competing Christian groups led to globalization
Religious turmoil between Catholics and Protestants influenced the history of the Atlantic World as well, since different nation-states competed not only for control of new territories but also for the preeminence of their religious beliefs there
Dutch East India Company
who? a Dutch merchant company chartered in 1621 to carry on trade with Africa, the West Indies, North and South America, and Australia. what? controlled commerce imported some 450 African slaves between 1626 and 1664 where? fur trades along the Hudson
HS: initially drove out English trading company until its decline it had a complex business model that has extended into businesses today. one of the first companies to establish a monopoly over the spice trade and it was the world's first multinational corporation.
Mercantilism
what? system of political economy that sought to enrich the country by restraining imports and encouraging exports where? Western Europe and the colonies when? Europe from the 16th to the 18th century
HS: brought wealth to England led to significant government intervention and control in the 13 Colonies of Colonial America gave way to free enterprise
UGA PROFESSOR WOLF HIST 2111 MIDTERM VOCAB
Indian fur trade
who? dutch and the french what? where? north east when?
HS:
Mayflower Compact
who? pilgrims what? first written framework of government established in what is now the United States where? when? nov 21 1620
HS:first attempt at democratic government in the new world established a basis of just and equal law
"City upon a hill"
who? John Winthrop, Puritans migrating from England what? Wanted to create a model Puritan society, created a form of revised Protestantism ("religious tolerance") where? Massachusetts Bay Colony when? 1630
HS: *Instrumental in the New World moving towards Protestantism, first example of representative government, public education system
King Philip's War
who? New england colonists v. Indian Tribes Chief Metacom aka King Philip
what? CAUSE: Puritans continued trying to expand (efforts were aggressive), angered the native people EFFECT: Indians almost succeeded, but in the end were defeated and many were captured and sold into slavery where? southern New England when? 1675-
HS: the Indians defeat led to a decline in their culture destruction of colonial communities area opened up for colonists to settle, natives were enslaved
UGA PROFESSOR WOLF HIST 2111 MIDTERM VOCAB
Stono Rebellion
who? slaves, Spain what? Slave uprising against their owners. Tried to escape to FL bc they heard they could be free there. where? South Carolina when? 1739
HS: harsher restrictions on slaves (congregating) and restrictions on slave owners (can't free their slaves)
Olaudah Equiano
who? former enslaved african and author what? wrote an autobiography that detailed the struggles of a slave where? Africa --> Americas when? (1745-1797) - published book in 1789
HS: was instrumental in the British abolition movement. his book furthered anti-slavery in the colonies and England
National Museum of African-American History and Culture
what? museum commemorating A history where? National Mall when? 2015
HS: location was important because putting anywhere else would say it is not a significant part of history
John Winthrop
who? First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Speaker of "City upon a hill", Puritan what? Left England to establish a land of religious freedom, Puritans wanted to be free to practice without persecution where? Massachusetts Bay, New England when? (1588-1649) - established Mass. Bay Colony in 1630
HS: Instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy, first colony centered around religious freedom and breaking away from the Church of England, instrumental in the New World moving towards Protestantism
UGA PROFESSOR WOLF HIST 2111 MIDTERM VOCAB
Plantation Duties Act 1673
who? Oliver Cromwell - leader during the time of the English Interregnum, England, further approved by Charles II once he gained power (back to monarchy) what? Part of a series of Navigation Acts (mercantilist policies) Plantation Duties Act - taxed enumerated articles exported from one colony to another (intended to eliminate the smuggling of goods and force New Englanders to purchase these goods directly from England) where? New England (mainly) when? (Navigation Acts 1651-63) Plantation Duties Act - 1673
HS: Changed the relationship between the colonies and England, furthered England's primary goal of Mercantilism, raised the question if colonists were considered Englishmen with full rights?
Salutary neglect
who? Prime Minister Robert Walpole, English colonies what? belief that commerce flourished best when it was not bothered with restrictions, Great Britain was very lax over the English colonies because of this belief (for the purpose of Navigation Acts) where? Between England and the colonies (New England benefited greatly) when? (1721-1742 - Walpole's term) Most of the 18th century
HS: Contributed significantly to the rise of American self-government, further developed international trade agreements, ensured colonists' loyalty to the crown (Navigation Acts made colonists angry when they were being enforced)
Glorious Revolution
who? English Whig Party, King James II (Catholic) what? william and mary were protestants protestants got more religious freedom where? England when? 1688-
HS: James II treated the colonies poorly and did not recognize their colonial charters James was catholic so protestants were given more freedom in both countries with Will & M the colonists saw that England's revolution was applicable to their situation and the principle of autonomy grew in the colonies as a result
Two Treatises of Government
who? John Locke what? argues support of the divine right of kings key to all of Locke's political theories when? when William and Mary ascended the throne
HS: Locke wrote this to justify what was happening. England has just taken a king off the thrown and moving towards a constitutional monarchy.
UGA PROFESSOR WOLF HIST 2111 MIDTERM VOCAB
The consumer revolution
who? Colonies, Great Britain, mainly colonial gentry what? increased consumption of goods and "luxury" goods supplied by England, also made printed materials more available where? Colonies, mainly planter families when? Late 17th - Mid 18th centuries
HS: Introduction of a consumer society, Drastically increased material culture
Pennsylvania
who? King Charles II, William Penn (Quaker) what? Restoration colony, largest proprietary colony, bestowed upon William Penn by Charles II, founded Pennsylvania for religious tolerance (Quakers were being persecuted in England) where? Pennsylvania when?
HS: Pennsylvania, unlike the other colonies established for religious tolerance, did not establish an official church (truly practiced what they preached), eventually was of great importance during the era of our Founding Fathers
Organization Opening paragraph- introduce main topics and give your argument
- "The European backgrounds of the colonists and their ongoing conversations with Europe played a larger role than the environment and the peculiar problems of the New World in shaping American ideology and society ca 1607-1750."
argument: yes/no this is/isn't true body: a paragraph for each point
5 PARAGRAPH ESSAY
don't forget to address both sides
UGA PROFESSOR WOLF HIST 2111 MIDTERM VOCAB
UGA Professor WOLF HIST 2111 Midterm Vocab Flashcards Quizlet
Course: American History To 1865 (HIST 2111)
University: University of Georgia
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