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History 101 - Midterm Study Guide

History 101 - Midterm Study Guide
Course

World History (HIS 110)

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Academic year: 2018/2019
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University of Wisconsin-La Crosse

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History 101

Midterm Exam Study Guide

Part 1: Identification (10 questions @ 2 points each = 20 points) Be able to see an image (on PowerPoint) of each of these, and be able to write what it is, and what culture religion it is affiliated with. You will need to get both parts correct to get the points.

Venus of Willendorf – Paleolithic People Ziggurat – temple mound/indicates high importance of religion, Mesopotamia Egyptian Pyramid – Khufu Pyramid with the Sphinx: largest one, Egyptian Society Fresco – a painting on wet plaster/showed Roman arena scenes, Minoans Xerxe’s Gate – in the capitol city of Persepolis, Achaemenid Dynasty Stupa – monuments holding the relics of Buddha; in Sanchi, Buddhism/Mauryn Empire in India Stonehenge – Danube River Region/Western Europe Ka’ba – holds the stone from the first prophet Abraham, Islam Doric column capital – disk @ the top, slightly flared out, Greek Ionic column capital – scroll-like curls, Greek Corinthian column capital – very decorative, Greek Terra Cotta Army of Qin Shi Huangdi – tomb, Qin Dynasty Aqueduct – stone bridges which helped channel water into the cities, using the arches as an engineering technique, Roman Empire Arch – a vertical curved structure that spans an elevated space, Romans

Part 2: Short Answer (20 questions @ 2 points each = 40 points) Be able to answer a question or finish a sentence, in one word or a few short words, for each of these topics. They are arranged by chapter number.

Ch. 1 Hominin – what is it?  Prehumans  Bipedal Paleolithic – traits  “old stone age”  Starts about 40,000 years ago  Small family related groups  Hunters and gatherers  Evidence of trade between regions  Division of labor between genders  First “art” Ch. 2 Earliest agriculture – where located?  10,000 years ago

 Southwest Asia Earliest domesticated animals – which animals were they?  Dogs, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle Neolithic – traits  New stone age  Domesticated animals  More sophisticated stone tools  Living in more permanent settlements 3 earliest complex societies – what are they? Where, geographically ( be specific ) were they? What river valleys? Basic features  Mesopotamia o Tigris and Euphrates River Valley (modern Iraq) o Arid region o Was the earliest complex society  Egyptian o Nile River Valley (modern Egypt) o Arid region o Rise of pharaohs o Written words – hieroglyphs o Pyramids – indicated powerful monarchs, strong religious association o Death and after life – mummification, Old Kingdom (old pharaohs), New Kingdom (for all)  Harappen o Indus River Valley (modern Pakistan) o Arid region o Sophisticated city planning (grid system, plumbing) o Social hierarchy o Written language – not deciphered Cuneiform – what is it?  From Mesopotamia  Symbol based for each word, abstract  Changes overtime to becomes more abstract Period of Egyptian pyramid builders  Indication of powerful monarchs, strong religious association  Large tombs to bury the dead pharaohs - mummification

Ch. 3 Bronze – made of what?  Mixture of tin and copper  Made a strong metal together  Could hold a sharp edge  Used for tools, weapons, decorative items  Mesopotamia & Northern China - found

 Goal was to live a good life, then upon death, your soul is reborn into a new family (higher caste level hopefully)  Predecessor to Hinduism o Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva Mandate of Heaven – function? Who (what dynasty) started it?  Zhou Dynasty  Where the supreme force in the universe is where rulers get their authority, if he fails, the people can find a new ruler Period of Warring States – where? About how long/when?  475-221 BCE  A civil war in China until a victor is decided  Technology increase  Caused by the uprisings in the third century

Ch. 6 Achaemenids – where, who, fought who?  Founded the first Persian empire in 6th century BCE  Rivaled and conquered Mesopotamia  They advanced into Anatolia (Turkey)  Some troops went east toward modern Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan  Clashed with Greeks but did NOT conquer  First to improve roads, equip them with forts, and weigh stations  Built first canal at Suez Sparta – traits  Located on the Peloponnesus in southern Greece  Military-based government  Males required to join military at 7  Age 18 men could marry, fight in battle  Women did physical training to be better mothers  Maintained military to dominate their slaves Athens – traits  Located on Greek mainland  Government founded “demokratia” – rule of the people (males)  Known for cultural and intellectual advances, but was also increasingly militarized  Developed the “phalanx” as a military formation, with shields, swords, rows in formation to crush the enemy  Used military to free other cities, they became tax-paying dependent states to Athens  Flourished: used money to make the city more beautiful  The Acropolis – temples, statures, public spaces  Patron to artists, architecture, design, math, drama, philosophy & science Alexander the Great – who, where from, importance?  Son of Phillip of Macedon  Aged 20  Conquered Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia

o Allowed places to maintain culture as long as they stay loyal  He created the largest empire ever in history up to that point  He had established Greek-type cities across the empire, keeping a certain level of ethnic openness Hellenistic Empires – what are they? Name each, where they each generally were  Greek culture in Southwest Asia, Nile, eastern Mediterranean, and Black Sea region  3 centuries after death of Alexander the Great  3 of Alexander’s generals formed regional monarchies from the empire o Seleucid – former Persia o Ptolemaic – former Egypt o Antigonid – former Macedon, Greece Mauryan Dynasty – where? Basic traits  First dynasty to unify most of India rose almost simultaneously with rise of Seleucid and Ptolemaic empires  Brahminism was primary religion – as faith developed, priests neglected the people’s needs  Influenced some people to seek an alternative faith Buddhism – importance in India during Mauryan period  Wanted to seek out the answer to “why do people suffer”  Taught followers that people should give up material desire and greed to relieve pain and distress  The 4 Noble Truths  Noble Eight-Fold Path  Stupa: monuments which hold the relics of Buddha; located at Sanchi Ahimsa – what does it mean?  A practice of non-violence Nirvana – what does it mean?  A limitless, indescribable stat where one’s self is extinguished and thus released from the cycle of rebirth and suffering

Ch. 7 Roman Republic – main features of government  Republic and dominant state on the Italian Peninsula  Formed “republic” type government, modeled on Athens, Greece o All adult male citizens political rights and obligations Latifundia – what is it? How does it work?  Wealthy citizens ought up conquered and abandoned lands, consolidated them into large slave-operated plantations Pax Romana – what is it? How long did it last?  Next 200 years in Rome, a period of relative peace Coliseum – how was it used?  Held 50,000 people (80 CE) o Temples, alters, statues, arches

Patriarch – what/who are they in relation to early Christian church?  5 patriarchs o Rome (Italy) o Constantinople (modern Turkey) o Antioch (Syria) o Jerusalem (Palestine) o Alexandria (Egypt)  Established rules for Christian church Fall of western half of Roman empire – what year?  476 CE Byzantine Empire – where? What is it?  Eastern half of Rome  Byzantine’s tried to reclaim Rome, no long-term success

Ch. 10 Islam – what is it?  Only one gold, one should submit to him (Allah)  Surrender of submission Quran – significance? Function?  Holy book of Islam  Established the rules, norms, rituals of faith Hajj – what is it? Importance?  Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in life  Wanted people to visit the holy place/one of the five pillars Byzantine emperor – relationship to Christian church?  Constantine the Great  The first Christian emperor Serf – what is it?  Peasants who lose some of their freedom  Tied to the manors for work & protection o Not slaves, but not exactly free either Benedictines – who were they? General function/purpose?  Order of monks that emphasized communal life, scholarship and missionary activity o Helped spread, clarify Christianity in western Europe Charlemagne – importance?  Frankish King in France o Helped briefly unify part of Europe  The pope coronated his as “emperor” in 800 CE  Empire ended with his death leading to a wave of invasions Tang Dynasty – equal field system – how did it work?  Redistribution of agricultural lands based on family need, not wealth Grand Canal – location, function, importance?  Connected Yellow River and Yangzi River

 Allowed further spread of China – to Korea and Vietnam  Furthered spread of Buddhism into China Spread of Buddhism in China – how and importance?  Spread from the building of the Grand Canal  Mixed well with Confucianism and Daoism

Ch. 11 Abbasids – who were they?  Clan rose up against Umayyads and became new caliphs  Established new capitol at Baghdad, shifting Islamic world to the east  Established provinces, complex government and road systems for communication Shi’a – what is it? (also in Ch. 10)  Believed the succession should follow Muhammad Ali, Muhammad’s cousin (blood relative) Sunni – what is it? (also in Ch. 10)  Believed that the succession of caliphs should continue as started, with Abu Baker Qanat – what is it? Located where, typically? How does it work?  Underground irrigation canal – specialized irrigation for year-round growing  Iran, north Africa and Spain Shinto – what is it? Where?  Rural religions belief in spirits of deceased ancestors  Leaders/emperors became important spiritual heads who helped stave off disasters  Japan Trans-Sahara trade – with who, trading what?  Senegal River, Lake Chad, Niger River  Rich gold deposits encouraged Islamic trans-Sahara trade  Textiles, ironware, horses & salt, as well as silk Vikings – from where, effect on Europe?  From Scandinavia  Invaded due to increased population and warm period  Terrorized but eventually settled and became part of European culture Feudalism – what is it?  Social/political system where individual grants land to other in return for allegiance and service

Ch. 12 Song Dynasty innovation in currency  Paper money – silk worm in the center of the bill  Circular coins on top of paper for how much the bill is worth Footbinding – outcome, reason for doing it?  Women would bind feet to have smaller appearance  Makes them more desirable to marry  bound my mothers or older relatives starting when they are young o Brought honor to the family

  1. Discuss the fall of the Roman Empire. What year is given for the final fall of the western half? Give and explain at least two (2) reasons for the failure/fall. Explain, briefly, what happened to people after the fall. Who took over former Roman lands in the next 100 years or so. Where did those who took over end up (in relation to modern countries)? What happened to the eastern half of the Roman Empire. What did it become (name)? Discuss briefly what role Christianity took for people during and after the fall of the Roman Empire.  Roman empire fell in 476 CE  There was no clear rules of succession – couldn’t decide on a ruler  Germanic tribes became aggressive – attacked the Roman Empire, them being weak could not defend themselves  The Huns from Central Asia pushed the Germanic groups toward Roman Empire as well  The empire was split into two, East and West o Christianity became very popular because of the message of compassion and hope for eternal life o Constantine welcomed all religions  Eastern half became Byzantine Empire  5 Patriarchs o Rome (Italy) o Constantinople (Turkey) o Antioch (Syria) o Jerusalem (Palestine) o Alexandria (Egypt)  During the Roman empire – people saw Jesus as “the Christ” o A man who began preaching message of peace and divine salvatiom  Christianity was a sought-out religion for its message  Emperor Theodocious declared Christianity as official religion in 380 CE

Outline or bullet point format AS LONG AS you completely and fully answer each part of each question!!

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History 101 - Midterm Study Guide

Course: World History (HIS 110)

9 Documents
Students shared 9 documents in this course

University: University of Wisconsin-La Crosse

Was this document helpful?
History 101
Midterm Exam Study Guide
Part 1: Identification (10 questions @ 2 points each = 20 points)
Be able to see an image (on PowerPoint) of each of these, and be able to write what it is, and
what culture religion it is affiliated with. You will need to get both parts correct to get the
points.
Venus of Willendorf – Paleolithic People
Ziggurat – temple mound/indicates high importance of religion, Mesopotamia
Egyptian Pyramid – Khufu Pyramid with the Sphinx: largest one, Egyptian Society
Fresco – a painting on wet plaster/showed Roman arena scenes, Minoans
Xerxe’s Gate – in the capitol city of Persepolis, Achaemenid Dynasty
Stupa – monuments holding the relics of Buddha; in Sanchi, Buddhism/Mauryn Empire in India
Stonehenge – Danube River Region/Western Europe
Ka’ba – holds the stone from the first prophet Abraham, Islam
Doric column capital – disk @ the top, slightly flared out, Greek
Ionic column capital – scroll-like curls, Greek
Corinthian column capital – very decorative, Greek
Terra Cotta Army of Qin Shi Huangdi – tomb, Qin Dynasty
Aqueduct – stone bridges which helped channel water into the cities, using the arches as an
engineering technique, Roman Empire
Arch – a vertical curved structure that spans an elevated space, Romans
Part 2: Short Answer (20 questions @ 2 points each = 40 points)
Be able to answer a question or finish a sentence, in one word or a few short words, for each of
these topics. They are arranged by chapter number.
Ch. 1
Hominin – what is it?
Prehumans
Bipedal
Paleolithic – traits
“old stone age”
Starts about 40,000 years ago
Small family related groups
Hunters and gatherers
Evidence of trade between regions
Division of labor between genders
First “art”
Ch. 2
Earliest agriculture – where located?
10,000 years ago

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