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Chapter 5 Notes
Introduction to Criminal Justice (CJ 1010)
Utah State University
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Intro to Criminal Justice Chapter 5 Problems and Solutions Responsibilities of Law Enforcement Four Basic Responsibilities 1. 2. 3. 4. Enforce Laws Seek out crime and Provide variety of services and protect community To prevent crime (controversial) Preserve the peace Crime is primarily a local problem. Law Enforcement Today 3,088 Departments Approx. police departments 1,322 special police agencies (school, airports, etc.) 49 state police agencies (Hawaii None) Approx. 70 law enforcements agencies Approx. agencies report crime data to UCR Department Primary law enforcement in areas (outside organized Sheriff elected county voters Appoints deputy sheriffs to assist Maintains jail Provides protective services to courts Serves warrants and civil processes Collect taxes Enforce orders of the court Utah Code: General Duties of Sheriff Preserve the peace Make all lawful arrests Attend in person or deputy the Superior Court and Court of Appeals Attend county justice courts if judge requires attendance for security, transport the aid of as many inhabitants of his county as he considers necessary in the execution of these Take charge and care of county jail and prisoners Release on record all attachments of real property Serve processes Sheriff Hierarchy: Chain of Command Sheriff Undersheriff or Assistant Sheriff Commander Captain Lieutenant Sergeant Deputy Sheriff Administrative Substations Operations o Patrol o Detectives Special Units Other Divisions County Coroner: Medical Examiner Sometimes combines as Coroner Medical training not required elected official Takes charge of bodies Conduct investigation into cause and circumstances of death Identification of deceased Notify families of deceased Medical Examiner Medical Doctor o Forensic Pathologist Municipal Police Department Provides services within incorporated limits (cities, towns) Chief of Police usually appointed city council Appoints police officers to assist in duties Police: Hierarchy Chain of Command Chief Lieutenant Sergeant Corporal Patrolman Reserve Officer Administrative Operations o Patrol o Investigations Special Units Other Divisions Behavior Guidelines within the Police Organization Both 1. Law 2. Policies Guidelines for situations 3. Written Memos and Orders 4. Verbal Instructions CYA Your actions reflect application within these parameters of conduct o LOCALLY based and focused Basic Structure: Investigations Reactive as opposed to proactive o More arrests patrol than detective Investigations more complex and time oriented Investigation followed arrest warrant Increased use of forensic technology Traffic School Safety SWAT Hostage Negotiation Bomb and Explosives Other Units: Technology and Specializations CSI Forensic Laboratory Property and Evidence DARE Community Relations Cold Case Units: Facts, Fancy, and Academia CJ3 p. 103 re Rand Cold Case Study Basis of Report: Four (4) Agencies with CC Units Homoicide: DC, Baltimore, Dallas Sexual Assault: Denver Corruption! cops hate bad o begins o Small gratuity leads to larger than solicitations Three Types of Corruption o Bribery Takes money for actions or favors o Shakedowns Coerces (from o Mooching Accepts free gifts in return for favorable treatment to giver wall of or Code of Silence o Do not snitch on others View of those inside v. those outside o Result of socialization process from Academy forward With experience comes o Rejection of ideals of truth and justice o There is no justice o Everyone lies Contributing Factors Watch attorneys get away with court antics Need to make instant decisions Need to make instant life threatening decisions Media without all facts Racial tensions and lack of communication Use of force issues Physical and mental dangers Ethics! What would you do if you are ordered to do something contrary to your sense of right and wrong, or know to be illegal, even if just a illegal? Opportunities v. Moral Compass Four Categories of Ethical Dilemmas: 1. Discretion Law cannot define every situation 2. Duty Obligation to act in certain manner a. Serves to reduce discretionary options, but is it just? 3. Honesty Must be honest in decisions 4. Loyalty Loyalty v. Ethics? DISCRETION Other Issues Mandatory arrest policies Domestic violence Stop Frisk Legal v. Illegal Status Issues Confronting Officers When to use force? What level of force? Identification and escalating levels of force required? Deadly force? Protect others? Assault under color of authority Accomplish the job 2012 Law Enforcement Officers Killed Assaulted In 2012, 48 law enforcement officers were feloniously killed in the line of duty. o 21 were employed city police departments, including six who were members of law enforcement agencies in cities with or more inhabitants. o deaths occurred in 26 states and Puerto Rico regions: o 22 officers were feloniously killed in the South o Eight officers in the West o Six officers in the Midwest o Six in the Northeast Behavioral Sciences Criminals Crime Scenes Serial Killers, Spree Killers, Mass Murders 1. How Many? 2. Who are they? 3. What do they look like? 4. Are they Definitions Vary Original FBI murder is the killing of three or more separate victims with emotional time breaks between the killings. They now use Vernon definition: or more separate murders where an individual acting alone or with another, commits multiple homicides over a period of time with time breaks between each murder Confuse With Spree Murders The murder of more than one person at two or more locations during a single event without any period. Mass Murderers A homicide involving the killing of four or more victims during a single event at one location. Classic involves a single individual who kills during a period of time
Chapter 5 Notes
Course: Introduction to Criminal Justice (CJ 1010)
University: Utah State University
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