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Biomolecule Review Worksheet
Washtenaw Community College
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Name Ambrosia Wiggins_________
Biomolecule Review Worksheet
ORGANIC MOLECULES
Organic molecules are the molecules which exist in all living things. They are life’s building blocks. All things are formed from these organic molecules. There are four categories of organic molecules: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
1 are organic molecules related to all living things? They exist in all living things and are life’s
building blocks.________________________________
2 four categories of organic molecules which form the basis of all living things.
a.Carbohydrates_________ c. Proteins_________ b.Lipids_____________________ d. Nucleic Acids_____________
Organic molecules have four common characteristics. First, they are all carbon based, meaning they all contain carbon. They are formed from just a few elements which join together to form small molecules which join together, or bond, to form large molecules. The third characteristic of all organic molecules is that each is kind of organic molecule is built from a single type of building block. For example, the building block of carbohydrates is sugar, the building block of lipids is fatty acids, the building block of protein is amino acids and the building block of nucleic acids is the nucleotide. When these building blocks are joined together, they form a large molecule (polymer), just as bricks joined together form a wall. For example, sugars join together form a carbohydrate.
3 of the organic molecules are based on which element? Carbon__________________________
4 times, the molecules join to form long chains with what kind of backbone? A carbon
backbone_________________
5, How are the building blocks of organic molecules like bricks? They join together to make larger molecules like bricks join together to make walls ________________________________
6 is the building block of each of the four classes of organic molecules? Carbs-Sugar; Lipids- Fatty Acids; Protein -amino acids; Nucleic acids- Nuclecotides____________________
7 is a polymer? A large molecule joined of at least three smaller molecules. _________________________________________________________________
The last common characteristic of all organic molecules is that their form determines their function. That means that their shape determines how they will behave and how they will react with other molecules. For example, the order of amino acids in a protein will determine the shape and function of the protein just as the order of words in a sentence shapes the meaning of the sentence.
8 determines how organic molecules will look and behave? Their form and Shape.
9 are the four common characteristics of all organic molecules? All are carbon - based form from small molecules to large molecules. They are built from a single building block, the form determine the function.
CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates are the most common organic molecule because they make up most plant matter. They are made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Their building block a single sugar called a monosaccharide. Sugars (monosaccharides) consist of carbon rings. When two monosaccharides, or sugars, combine, they form a disaccharide (di = two). When more than two monosaccharides join together, a polysaccharide (poly = many) is formed.
10 are the elements contained in carbohydrates?Carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen._______________________ 11 is the building block of carbohydrates? _A single sugar called a monosaccharides.
12 is a monosaccharide? _ A simple sugar made up of carbs.__________________________________________
13 is a disaccharide? Two monosaccharides combined.______________________________________________
14 does a polysaccharide differ from a disaccharide?A polysaccharides is more than two monosaccharides combined whereas disaccharides are only two combined.__________________________________
There are three classes of carbohydrate polysaccharides. The first is starch. Starch is a carbohydrate used in food storage in plants. Potatoes, pasta and rice are rich in starch. Starches are very valuable because they provide a quick form of energy for the body. The second is glycogen. Glycogen is used for food storage in animals. The third is cellulose. Cellulose is used for structural support in plants (stems, leaves).
15 are the three classes of carbohydrates?
a. Starch_______________b.glycogen____________c.Cellulose__
16 involves food storage in plants? Starch_____________________
17 involves food storage in animals?Glycogen__________________
18 is cellulose used for? Structure support for plants________________________________
19 would an athlete have a big pasta dinner the night before a race? Pasta is saturated fat which takes longer to digest, therefore giving him energy for the race.
Sugars can be detected in foods through a simple lab test. To find out if a food contains starch, iodine (a reagent) is placed on the food. A food containing starch will turn black when in contact with iodine. A test for simple sugars involves mixing the food with a liquid blue reagent called Benedict’s solution and then
PROTEINS
Proteins are organic molecules that form muscles, transport O2 (hemoglobin), and act as hormones and enzymes. Most importantly, proteins determine how our bodies look and function. Their building block is the amino acid. Proteins are made of amino acids combined through a dehydration link called a peptide bond. When groups of amino acids are joined together, a protein is formed.
29 are 2 of the functions of proteins?
a.Forms muscles_____________________________
b.Transport O2 throughout the body______________
30 is the building block of proteins? Amino Acid______________
31 is the name of the bond that joins amino acids? Peptide Bond_________________________
There are about 20 different kinds of amino acids. These amino acids consist of five separate parts. The first is a central carbon atom. Second is a carboxyl group (-COOH). Third is an amino group (-NH2). Fourth is a hydrogen. The fifth group is a variable ‘R’ group. The only difference in the 20 kinds of amino acids is the “R” group. Some “R” groups are very small, others are large, and even others form chains and rings. The sequence and shapes of the “R” groups control the shape and function of the protein.
32 many different amino acids are there? __ 20 ___
33 part of the amino acid varies from one amino acid to another? The R group ; some are small and others are large. They form chains and Rings.____________
34 determines the shape and function of a protein?The sequence and shapes of the R groups.____________________
NUCLEIC ACIDS
The fourth class of organic molecules is the nucleic acids. This class involves the genetic materials, DNA and RNA. DNA is the blueprint of life because it contains instructions on how to make proteins in the body. Each individual’s DNA is unique, which means that each individual has a unique set of proteins. That is why each of us looks and behaves differently. RNA is a copy of DNA. Because DNA can’t leave the cell’s nucleus, and because proteins are constructed outside of the nucleus in the cytoplasm, the RNA is necessary to carry the instructions from DNA to the cytoplasm where the protein is made.
35 are the two types of nucleic acids? a.DNA______________________ b__RNA_______________ 36 is the role of DNA? DNA contains instructions on how to make proteins in the body.
37 does the role of RNA differ from that of DNA? RNA delivers the DNA information to the cytoplasm where the protein is made. The monomer of nucleic acids is the nucleotide. All nucleic acids are formed from a series of these nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of three parts: a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base.
38 is the building block of nucleic acids? Nucleotides_________________________
39 are the three parts of this monomer?
a._ a five carbon sugar___
b.phosphate group_______________
c. nitrogen base___________________
The structure of DNA resembles that of a twisted ladder. This twisted ladder of DNA is called a ‘double helix.’ The rails of the DNA ladder are made from alternating sugars and phosphates (sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar...). In DNA, the sugar is called deoxyribose. The rungs of the ladder are made of four different kinds of bases, with one base hanging off of the sugar portion of each rails. The four bases are A, T, C and G. The rails of the ladder are held together because the bases from one rail bond to the bases from the other rail to form rungs. The bases from one side of the ladder attach to the bases hanging from the other rail. This keeps the ladder together. The bases attach to one another in a very specific way: ‘A’ bases always attach to ‘T’ bases, and ‘C’ bases always attach to ‘G’ bases.
40 the structure and shape of DNA. double helix__________________
41 are the rails of the ladder made of? a.sugars___________________ b.phosphate________________
42 are the rails of the ladder kept together? The base from one rail bond to the base from the other row to form rungs._______________________________
43 are the four different DNA bases? a.A_____________ c. C_________________ b.T__________ d. G____________
44 part of the ladder do these bases form? The rungs_________________________
45.‘A’ always pairs with what base? T__________
RNA is very similar to DNA in all ways except for a few differences. First, where the sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, the sugar in RNA is ribose. Second, where DNA is a double helix, RNA has just one strand. Third, where the bases in DNA are C,G, A and T , in RNA the bases are C, G, A and U. The U in RNA takes the place of the T in DNA. Fourth, DNA cannot leave the nucleus of the cell and RNA can.
46 four differences between DNA and RNA. a has a T base, RNA has a U base. b. DNA is a double helix, RNA is a single strand.__ c is deoxyribose, RNA is ribose. d cannot leave the nucleus and RNA can. _
47 three similarities between DNA and RNA.
Biomolecule Review Worksheet
Course: Concepts of Biology (BIO 101)
University: Washtenaw Community College
