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Resumen Comentario the Textos Literarios and Lengua Inglesa New Historicism

Asignatura

Comentario de Textos Literarios en Lengua Inglesa (64021028)

417 Documentos
Los estudiantes compartieron 417 documentos en este curso
Universidad

UNED

Año académico: 2011/2012
Listado de librosHeart of DarknessPride and PrejudiceThe AwakeningThe Bluest EyeBeginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory
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Guillem Belmar Viernes
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SUMMARY

BARRY: NEW HISTORICISM AND CULTURAL MATERIALISM

  • New Historicism is a term first coined by the American Stephen Greenblatt whose book “Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare” (1980) is considered the beginning of N.
  • But there were some tendencies before.

DEFINITION: - a method based on the parallel reading of literary and non-literary texts, usually of the same historical period. - It refuses to privilege the literary text by foregrounding the historical background. - (according to Louis Montrose, Am.) it is a combined interest in the textuality of history and the the historicity of texts. - (according to Greenblatt) it involves an intensified willingness to read all of the textual traces of the past with the attention traditionally conferred only on literary texts. - So, it embodies a paradox = it is an approach to literature in which there is no privileging of the literary. - It usually starts citing and anecdote = the appropriate historical document.

NEW HISTORICISM VS. OLD HISTORICISM

New Historicism Old Historicism

  • equal weighting
  • usually defines itself against Tillyard's books.
  • the archival continuum = it is a historicist movement rather than a historical one.
  • it accepts Derrida's there is nothing outside the text, for everything about the past is only accessible through textes.
  • a text is thrice-processed:
  1. ideology of its own time
  2. Ideology of our time
  3. distorting web of language
  • hierarchical separation between the literary text (foreground) and the historical background.
  • EMW Tillyard's “The Elizabethan World Picture” and “Shakespeare's History Plays”.

NEW HISTORICISM AND FOUCAULT:

  • anti-establishment = N. On the side of liberal ideals of freedom. Accepting all forms of difference and deviance.
  • Notion of the State as all-powerful and all-seeing.
    • From the post-structuralist cultural historian Michael Foucault.
      • Panoptic surveillance, panoptic state = by the power of its discursive practices.
      • Discourse: the whole mental set and ideology which encloses the thinking of all members of a given society.
  • thought control = deviant thinking may become literally unthinkable = State : monolitic structure.
  • Little attention to previous writings about the same text, as if the arrival of N. Had wiped them out.

ADVANTADGES AND DISADVANTADGES OF NEW HISTORICISM

  1. Founded on post-structuralist thinking, it is written in a far more accessible way (not dense style and vocabulary)
  2. Fascinating material = different.
  3. Political edge of New Historicism. Less overtly polemical and more willing to allow the historical evidence its own voice.

WHAT NEW HISTORICISTS DO:

  1. They juxtapose literary and non-literary texts, reading the former in the light of the latter.
  2. They try thereby to defamiliarise the canonical literary text, detaching it from the accumulated weight of previous literary scholarship and seeing it as if new.
  3. They focus attention (within both texts and co-texts) on issues of state power and how it is maintained, on patriarchal structures and their perpetuation, and on the process of colonisation, with its accompanying “mind-set”
  4. They make use, in doing so, of aspects of the post-structuralist outlook, especially Derrida's notion that every facet of reality is textualised, and Foucault's idea of social structures as determined by dominant “discursive practices”

their own choosing”, so CM tends to focus on the interventions whereby human beings make their own history.

  • NH tends to focus on the power of social and ideological structures.
  • CM is more political optimistic than NH.
  • NH inherits post-structuralist scepticism about the possibility of attaining secure knowledge. NH claims that Foucault gives them entry into “a non-truth-oriented form of historicist study of text”, which means that they know the risks and dangers involved in claiming to establish truth.
  • NH locates the literary text in the political situation of its own day, whereas the CM locates it within that of ours.
  • = Political difference.

WHAT CM CRITICS DO:

  1. They read the literary text (very often a Renaissance play) in such a way to enable us to “recover its histories”, that is, the context of exploitation from which it emerged.
  2. At the same time, they foreground those elements in the work's present transmission and contextualising which caused those histories to be lost in the first place (for instance, the “heritage” industry's packaging of Shakespeare in terms of history-as-pageant, national bard, cultural icon, and so on).
  3. They use a combination of Marxist and feminist approaches to the text, especially in order to do the first of these, and in order to fracture the previous dominance of conservative social, political and religious assumptions in Shakespeare criticism in particular.
  4. They use the technique of close textual analysis, but often employ structuralist and post-structuralist techniques, especially to mark a break with the inherited tradition of close textual analysis within the framework of conservative cultural and social assumptions.
  5. At the same tame, they work mainly within traditional notions of the canon, on the grounds that writing about more obscure texts hardly ever constitutes and effective political intervention.
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Resumen Comentario the Textos Literarios and Lengua Inglesa New Historicism

Asignatura: Comentario de Textos Literarios en Lengua Inglesa (64021028)

417 Documentos
Los estudiantes compartieron 417 documentos en este curso

Universidad: UNED

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SUMMARY
BARRY: NEW HISTORICISM AND CULTURAL MATERIALISM
–New Historicism is a term first coined by the American Stephen Greenblatt whose
book “Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare” (1980) is
considered the beginning of N.Hist.
–But there were some tendencies before.
DEFINITION:
–a method based on the parallel reading of literary and non-literary texts, usually of
the same historical period.
–It refuses to privilege the literary text by foregrounding the historical background.
–(according to Louis Montrose, Am.) it is a combined interest in the textuality of
history and the the historicity of texts.
–(according to Greenblatt) it involves an intensified willingness to read all of the
textual traces of the past with the attention traditionally conferred only on literary
texts.
–So, it embodies a paradox = it is an approach to literature in which there is no
privileging of the literary.
–It usually starts citing and anecdote = the appropriate historical document.
NEW HISTORICISM VS. OLD HISTORICISM
New Historicism Old Historicism
- equal weighting
- usually defines itself against Tillyard's
books.
- the archival continuum = it is a historicist
movement rather than a historical one.
- it accepts Derrida's there is nothing
outside the text, for everything about the
past is only accessible through textes.
- a text is thrice-processed:
1. ideology of its own time
2. Ideology of our time
3. distorting web of language
- hierarchical separation between the
literary text (foreground) and the historical
background.
- EMW Tillyard's “The Elizabethan World
Picture” and “Shakespeare's History Plays”.

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