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Cloud Services For Dummies, IBM Limited Edition
Cloud computing (CS468)
APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University
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Cloud Services For Dummies®, IBM Limited Edition Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030- wiley Copyright © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
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Table of Contents
- Introduction
- About This Book
- Foolish Assumptions
- How This Book Is Organized
- Icons Used in This Book
- and the Cloud Continuum Chapter 1: Understanding Cloud Fundamentals
- Discovering Cloud Basics
- Foundational Cloud Delivery Services
- Core Cloud Capabilities.............................................................
- Elasticity and self-service provisioning
- Billing and metering of service usage
- Workload management
- Management services
- Understanding the Cloud Continuum....................................
- Open community clouds
- Controlled open mode
- Contractual open
- Public/private hybrid clouds
- and the Cloud Continuum Chapter 1: Understanding Cloud Fundamentals
- Chapter 2: Digging Deeper into IaaS and PaaS - Diving into Infrastructure as a Service - Listing the characteristics of IaaS - Renting - Self-service provisioning - Dynamic scaling - Service levels - Licensing - Metering - Considering a private IaaS - Knowing how companies use IaaS - Exploring PaaS - Variations in PaaS delivery models - Understanding the benefits of PaaS - Having the Correct Requirements for IaaS and PaaS
- Chapter 6: Starting Your Cloud Journey Table of Contents v
- Integrating Your Business, IT, and Cloud Strategies
- Getting Started with IaaS and PaaS
- Private IaaS for development and test
- Public IaaS for development and test
- Public PaaS for architecting new business models
- Private PaaS for delivering new services
- Accelerating the Company’s Momentum
- Gaining IT acceptance
- Managing cloud services
- Planning the Successful Journey............................................
- Business considerations
- How’s the business changing?
- provide services in the future? How does the company want to
- for the company? What are the financial constraints
- Is the company too siloed for the strategy?
- experimentation and innovation? Is there an easy mechanism to encourage
- How’s the business changing?
- Implementation considerations
- Evaluating reference architectures
- Focusing on efficiency and flexibility
- Planning for a fabric of services
- a lightweight approach Assuming that you’ll plan for
- Monitored and managing everything you do
- Business considerations
- Transforming IT with Cloud
Introduction
W
elcome to Cloud Services For Dummies, IBM Limited Edition_._ Whether public, private, or hybrid, cloud computing is becoming an increasingly integral part of many companies’ business and technology strategy. Cloud services help companies turn IT resources into a flexible, elastic, and self-service set of resources that they can more easily manage and scale to support changing business needs.
While many different delivery models for cloud computing services exist, two foundational services are a requirement for making cloud computing into a strategic part of an overall computing infrastructure. These include Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS). IaaS is the services that enable you to gain access to compute and storage resources in an on demand model. PaaS is the services that sit on top of IaaS and enable you to build applications to support the business.
No matter what your plan for your evolving IT infrastructure may be, you can take advantage of these services in combination with on-premises platforms to create flexibility for the business. Cloud computing serves different needs for different constituents within your organization. For business leaders, cloud computing is a cost-effective way to leverage IT resources to prototype and implement strategic change. For your IT organization, the cloud is a platform that allows it to be significantly more proactive and responsive when it comes to supporting strategic business imperatives. While IT is leading the charge in focusing on best practices that support the balanced use of public, private, and data center resources — the emerging world of hybrid computing — don’t lose sight of the fact that cloud is just as much about business model transformation as it is about technology transformation. In fact, many companies find that the cloud helps to support increased collaboration between business and IT leaders enabling them to more quickly adjust to changing market dynamics.
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Introduction 3
How This Book Is Organized
This book isn’t intended to be an exhaustive technical manual on implementing and managing cloud computing. Instead, we give you a taste of the concepts and approaches you need to consider when embarking on your journey to the hybrid cloud.
We’ve organized this book into six chapters:
✓ Chapter 1 gives you an overview of the business case for foundational cloud services — what it means to the business and how these services support the overall IT approach.
✓ Chapter 2 provides you with an understanding of the technical foundation for IaaS and PaaS. The chapter includes use cases that explain the business benefits to the organization.
✓ Chapter 3 delves into the economics of cloud services. The chapter explains the type of economic benefit you gain from using foundational cloud services and how they support changing business requirements.
✓ Chapter 4 provides an overview of managing cloud workloads and services. Many different types of workloads need to be supported in the cloud. This chapter presents the different workloads and how they need to be managed to support IT and business needs.
✓ Chapter 5 provides insights into the important issue of security, governance, and cloud reliability. What does it mean to have a secure cloud and how do you ensure that your assets are safe? How do you have the right level of support for governance rules that keeps your company safe and in compliance?
✓ Chapter 6 gives you a roadmap for planning your journey to the hybrid cloud from a best practices perspective.
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4 Cloud Services For Dummies, IBM Limited Edition
Icons Used in This Book
The following icons are used to point out important information throughout the book:
Tips help identify information that needs special attention.
Pay attention to these common pitfalls of managing your foundational cloud.
This icon highlights important information that you should remember.
This icon contains tidbits for the more technically inclined.
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6 Cloud Services For Dummies, IBM Limited Edition
continuum of cloud services. These services range from an open and shared public environment to private cloud that’s tightly managed with the highest level of security and service. You also discover two key foundational cloud delivery models: IaaS and PaaS. In addition, Software as a Service (SaaS) provides packaged business process offerings that live in the cloud and leverage both IaaS and PaaS services.
Discovering Cloud Basics
Cloud computing is a method of providing a set of shared computing resources that includes applications, computing, storage, networking, development, and deployment platforms as well as business processes. Cloud computing turns traditional siloed computing assets into shared pools of resources that are based on an underlying Internet foundation.
Clouds come in different versions, depending on your needs. There are two primary deployment models of cloud: public and private. Most organizations use a combination of private computing resources (data centers and private clouds) and public services as a hybrid environment. These clouds are covered in more detail throughout this chapter.
The cloud doesn’t exist in isolation to other corporate IT investments. The reality is that most companies use a combination of public and private cloud services in conjunction with their data center. Companies use different methods, depending on their business requirements to link and integrate these services. The way you construct your hybrid computing environment is determined by the complexity of the workloads and how you want to optimize the performance of those workloads to support your constituents.
Foundational Cloud
Delivery Services
Understanding the foundations of cloud computing calls for understanding three main cloud delivery models:
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Chapter 1: Understanding Cloud Fundamentals and the Cloud Continuum 7
✓ IaaS: The delivery of services such as hardware, software, storage, networking, data center space, and various utility software elements on request. Both public and private versions of IaaS exist.
• In the public IaaS, the user needs a simple sign-up mechanism to acquire resources. When users no longer need the resources, they simply de-provision them. • In a private IaaS, the IT organization or an integrator creates an infrastructure designed to provide resources on demand to internal users and sometimes partners. IaaS is the fundamental element used by other cloud models. Some customers bring their own tools and software to create applications.
✓ PaaS: A mechanism for combining IaaS with an abstracted set of middleware services, software development, and deployment tools that allow the organization to have a consistent way to create and deploy applications on a cloud or on-premises environment. A PaaS environment supports coordination between the developer and the operations organization, typically called DevOps. A PaaS offers a consistent set of programming and middleware services that ensure developers have a well-tested and well-integrated way to create applications in a cloud environment. A PaaS requires an infrastructure service. ✓ SaaS: A business application created and hosted by a provider in a multi-tenant (shared) model. The SaaS application sits on top of both a PaaS and foundational IaaS. In fact, a SaaS environment can be built directly on an IaaS platform. Typically these underlying services aren’t visible to end-users of a SaaS application.
A hybrid cloud combines private cloud services with public cloud services where one or several touch points are between the environments. What does this mean? If a few developers in a company use a public cloud service to prototype a new application that’s completely disconnected from the private cloud or the data center, the company doesn’t have a hybrid
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Chapter 1: Understanding Cloud Fundamentals and the Cloud Continuum 9
The term self-service is important here too. With self-service, the developer of an application, for example, is able to use a browser or portal interface to acquire appropriate resources needed to build or operate an application. This just-in-time model is a more efficient way to ensure that the IT organization can be responsive to business change.
Billing and metering
of service usage
A cloud service has to provide a way to measure and meter a service. Consequently a cloud environment includes a built-in service that tracks how many resources a customer uses. In a public cloud, customers are charged for units of resources consumed. In a private cloud, IT management may implement a charge back mechanism for departments leveraging services.
Workload management
The cloud is a federated (distributed) environment that pools resources so they can work together. Making this happen requires that these resources be optimized to work as though they were an integrated well-tuned environment comprised of a variety of workloads. A workload is an independent service or collection of code that can be executed. It’s important in the cloud that workloads be designed to support the right task with the right cloud services. For example, some workloads need to be placed in a private cloud because they require fast transaction management and a high level of security. Other workloads may not be so mission critical and can be placed in a public cloud.
Management services
Many management services are mandatory for ensuring that cloud computing is a well-managed platform. Security and governance are key services to ensure that your applications and data are protected. Data management is also critical because data may be moving between cloud environments. All of these services have to be managed and monitored to ensure that an organization’s level of service is maintained.
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10 Cloud Services For Dummies, IBM Limited Edition
Understanding the
Cloud Continuum
Meeting the needs of businesses requires that IT provide a variety of different types of cloud services. Understanding the characteristics of a continuum of cloud services helps you understand what’s required to meet certain business goals.
All cloud environments aren’t equal. Therefore, you need to understand the different types of cloud models available to support the business. Your decision of what type of cloud service to select is based first and foremost on your security and service level requirements. It may be straightforward to assume that all public clouds are the same and all private clouds work in the same way. But in reality there are shades of gray.
For example, you may have a public cloud service that’s only available to customers who sign a long-term agreement. You may have a private cloud that’s an evolution of your data center. Some public clouds may offer a sophisticated level of security offerings while other public clouds have virtually no security at all.
Ultimately, you need to select the type of cloud service that provides use of the right resources at the right time with the right level of security and governance.
The continuum of cloud services, depicted in Figure 1-1, includes both public and private services that meet different needs within an organization.
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12 Cloud Services For Dummies, IBM Limited Edition
Open community clouds
The most open type of cloud environment is an open community cloud — a cloud environment that doesn’t require any criteria for joining other than signing up and creating a password. These environments may be privately or publicly owned and include social networking environments, such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter. There are also open community sites that enable individuals with a common interest to participate in online discussions. For example, there may be a community of professionals in a certain industry that want to share ideas.
These open community sites generally involve a relatively simple sign-up process, although some of the more sophisticated sites request additional information from you.
These sites also generally have a low level of security. Therefore, it’s relatively simple for someone inside or outside the open community to penetrate a user’s secure area. In addition, these sites generally don’t offer service level guar- antees to the user. Sites that are advertising-driven typically spend more effort on security and service level management.
Controlled open mode
Some public clouds offer a higher level of service because they’re true commercial environments. Commercial public clouds are those environments that are open for use by any one at any time, but these clouds are based on a pay-per-use model. For example, a SaaS vendor that charges per-user- per-month (or per-year) is one example of this kind of environment. In addition, vendors can offer analytics as a service to customers on a per-use or per-task basis.
Because companies offering commercial public clouds are providing a commercial service, they provide a higher level of security and protection than the open community sites. These services generally have a written service level agreement (SLA) — an agreement outlining the obligation of the provider to the consumer of the service.
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Chapter 1: Understanding Cloud Fundamentals and the Cloud Continuum 13
Contractual open
Public cloud vendors sometimes productize offerings. Here the user can’t simply create login credentials, provide a credit card, and start using the service. Instead, the user actually signs a contract for service. The term can be as short as a month, or more typically a year. Vendors are also offering public IaaS and PaaS public platforms that are based on a formal contractual basis.
In this kind of environment, the expectation is for a high level of security, privacy, and governance. These vendors provide a written SLA. Because of the service and security guarantees of this model, some customers may be willing to store critical data in the cloud.
Public/private hybrid clouds
Companies often want the flexibility of the cloud but with the security and predictability of the data center. In these cases, a private cloud provides an environment that sits behind a fire- wall. Unlike a data center, a private cloud is a pool of common resources optimized for the use of the IT organization. Unlike a public cloud, a private cloud adheres to the company’s security, governance and compliance requirements. Whatever service level is required for the company applies to the pri- vate cloud.
There are two different types of private clouds:
✓ A private cloud owned and managed by a company for the benefit of its employees and partners ✓ A commercial private cloud resides in a vendor’s data center and provides a secure connection to the customer’s other IT resources. This approach securely augments a customer’s IT environment.
In some instances, companies use a combination of public and private cloud services. A retail company may have a private cloud to support its highly distributed development
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Cloud Services For Dummies, IBM Limited Edition
Course: Cloud computing (CS468)
University: APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University
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