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Unitary system Definition, Examples, Conclusion
Course: Introduction to Politics and Governance
234 Documents
Students shared 234 documents in this course
University: Multimedia University
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A unitary state is one in which all the sovereign power resides in the central or national
government. There are smaller units of government such as states or provinces but they do
not have the authority to make independent decisions. Hence, all units of government below
the national level are merely its subdivisions. According to Britannica, it is the system of
political organization in the course of majority or all of the regulating power or authority
resides in the central government. This shows that the central government has the wholly
power. Robert Hazell, a British researcher said that “highly centralized system of
government”. This also means that the central government is the main and all powers resides
in them. Xu Chongde, a well-known legal expert and professor, political scientist in China
said that “A unitary state is rather simple in its form and the whole country has only one
constitution and one central government. In international relations, this state is the single
subject and the central government represents the sovereign state.” This means that unitary
system only has one constitution and central government and the provinces or states are
represented by the central government. In brief, unitary system has central government that
has the power and authority to decide everything and the power can be delegated to the
provinces and states if they wish to.
The first features is Formal power and authority is located at the national centre and sub-
national government and other local units do not exercise any political powers independently
of the central authority. This also means that the powers are centralized on the central
government and there are no distribution of power. Unlike Malaysia, Federal Constitution
stated down the authority for federation and states to enact law. The subject matter are under
schedule 9 and have federal list, state list and concurrent list. In unitary there is no list of
distribution of powers in the constitution as all powers belong to the central government
However, the powers or authority can be delegated to the provinces and states by the central
government. Since there is no division of powers, some countries do not have written
constitution. An example is UK that have unwritten constitution. The parliamentary
sovereignty is commonly regarded as the defining principle of the British Constitution. It also
governs partly by statues and by common law and practice.
Secondly, the local or regional units of government exercise powers and authority that
are delegated to them by the centre and may also be withdrawn by it. They can grant
powers to local government by a legislative process called ‘devolution’. For example, British
Prime Minister David Cameron announced plans to devolve additional powers to the Scottish