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COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING CONCEPTS
BS Nursing (NCM 105)
Bicol University
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CJRM
TOPIC OUTLINE
- Definition
- Philosophy and Principles
- Features of Community Health Nursing
- Theoretical Models/Approaches
- Roles and Activities of Community Health Nurse
DEFINITION
Community Collection of people who interact with one another and share common interests and characteristics.
Two types of Community
Geopolitical Community
Barangays, cities, regions, nations Phenomenologi cal Community
Interactive groups/shared groups based on culture, values, perspective, interests, history and goals. Community Health Nursing
The synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice applied to promoting and preserving the health of populations.
Public Health Nursing
Promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences.
CHN Goal Preserve the health of the community and surrounding populations by focusing in health promotion and health maintenance of individuals, families, and groups within the community.
PHILOSOPHY AND PRINCIPLES
PHILOSOPHY OF:
Individual’s right of being healthy.
Working together under a competent leader for the common good. The people in the community have the potential for continual development and are capable of dealing with their own problems if educated and helped. Socialism
PRINCIPLES:
1. CHN is based on the recognized needs of communities, families, groups, and individuals. 2. The CH nurse must fully understand the objectives and policies of the agencies she represents. 3. In CHN, the family is the unit of service. 4. CHN must be available to all. 5. Health teaching is the PRIMARY responsibility of the CH nurses. 6. The CH nurse works as a member of the health team. 7. There must be provision for periodic evaluation of CHN services 8. Opportunities for continuing staff education programs for nurses must be provided by the agency. 9. The CH nurse makes use of available community health resources 10. The CH nurse utilizes the already existing active organization in the community 11. There should be accurate recording and reporting in CHN
FEATURES OF CHN
POPULATION-BASED
Involves specific approach: community assessment, community diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation
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Involves epidemiology and information about the community Data collection for assessment and management decisions within a community is ongoing , not episodic DELIVERS CARE FOR DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CLIENTELE individual family group/aggregate community as a whole COLLABORATES WITH A VARIETY OF OTHER PREOFESSIONS, ORGANIZATIONS, ENTITIES, AND THE COMMUNITY ITSELF identify implement evaluate meet the health needs PRIORITIZES ON HEALTH PROMOTION AND DISEASE PREVENTION ACTIVELY REACHES OUT ALL WHO MIGHT BENEFIT OF THE SERVICE OPTIMAL USAGE OF RESOURCES AND SELECTED STRATEGIES ARE MADE TO ENSURE BEST SERVICES FOR THE POPULATION
THEORETICAL MODELS/APPROACHES
A. HEALTH BELIEF MODEL
It was initially proposed in 1958 by group of social psychologists -- Irwin M. Rosenstock, Godfrey M. Hochbaum, Stephen Kegeles, and Howard Leventhal at the U. Public Health. This was developed by the group of psychologists to explain why the public failed to participate in the screening for tuberculosis. (Hochbaum,1958) It provides the basis for the practice of HEALTH EDUCATION and HEALTH PROMOTION It is the one of the most widely used conceptual framework in health behavior to be able to
explain behavior change and maintenance of behavior change and to guide health promotion interventions. It includes different key concepts - perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy.
KEY CONCEPTS
Perceived susceptibility - One's belief regarding the chance of getting a disease Perceived severity - One's belief regarding the seriousness of given condition Perceived benefits - One's belief in the ability of an advised action to reduce the health risk or seriousness of a given condition Perceived barriers - One's belief regarding the tangible and psychological costs of an advised action Cues to action - Strategies or conditions in one's environment that activate readiness to act Self-efficacy - One's confidence in one's ability to act to reduce health risks.
Kurt Lewin's work lent itself to the model's core dimensions. He proposed that behavior is based on current dynamics confronting an individual rather than prior experiences
The Health Belief Model assumes that the major dominant of preventive health behavior is disease avoidance.
Disease avoidance includes: perceived susceptibility to disease "X" perceived seriousness of disease "X" modifying factors
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from actual and perceived options available as well as beliefs and Expectations developed from socialization, education and experience.
Organizational decisions and policies (both governmental and nongovernmental) sets the range of options available to individuals and populations and influence choices.
Individual choices related to health promotion or health damaging behaviors are influenced by efforts to maximized valued resources. Alteration in patterns of behavior resulting from decision making or a significant number of people in a population can result in social change.
Without concurrent availability of alternative health promoting options for investments of personal resources, health education will be largely ineffective in changing behavior patterns.
C. PENDER’S HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL
NOLA J. PENDER Living legend of the American Academy of Nursing A nursing theorist who developed the Health Promotion Model. An author and a professor emeritus of nursing at the University of Michigan. Started studying health- promoting behavior in the mid- 1970s and first published the Health Promotion Model in 1982.
THE HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL
Originally published in 1982 and later improved in 1996 and 2002. It explores many biopsychosocial factors that influence individuals to pursue health promotion activities. Does not include threat as a motivator, as threat may not be a
motivating factor for clients in all age groups. Was designed to be a “complementary counterpart to models of health protection.”
Purpose: To help nurses know and understand the major determinants of health behaviors as a foundation for behavioral counseling to promote well- being and healthy lifestyles.
Defines health as “a positive dynamic state not merely the absence of disease”. It describes the multi- dimensional nature of persons as they interact within the environment to pursue health.
Health Promotion It is an approach to wellness Health Protection Focuses on illness prevention
The health promotion model focuses in the following areas:
INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTIC AND EXPERIENCES PRIOR RELATED BEHAVIOR
Personal Factors
Prior behaviors influence subsequent behavior through perceived self- efficacy, benefits, barriers, and affects related to that activity. Strong indicator: Habit
Biological Factors: Age, body mass index, strength, and agility. Psychological Factors: Self- esteem, self- motivation, and perceived health status. Sociocultural Factors: Race, ethnicity, acculturation, education, and socioeconomic
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status. BEHAVIOR-SPECIFIC COGNITIONS AND AFFECT Perceived benefits of action Strong motivators of the behavior. These motivate behavior through intrinsic and extrinsic benefits
Perceived barriers to action Perceived unavailability, inconvenience, expense, difficulty, or time regarding health behaviors. Perceived self - efficacy One’s belief that he or she is capable of carrying out a health behavior.
BEHAVIORAL OUTCOME Health - promoting behavior
This is the goal of the Health Promotion Model. To attain positive health outcomes. Immediate competing demands And preferences Alternate behaviors that one considers as possible optional behaviors immediately prior to engaging in the intended, planned behavior.
Commitment to a plan of action
Initiates a behavioral event. This commitment will compel one into the behavior until completed, unless a competing demand or preference intervenes.
PERCEDE-PROCEED MODEL
provides a model for community assessment, health education planning and evaluation Behind PRECEDE-PROCEED lie some assumptions about the prevention of illness and promotion of health, and by extension, about community as well. These include:
PRECEDE-PROCEED model should be a participatory process.
Health is, by its very nature, a community issue.
Health is an integral part of a larger context, probably most clearly defined as the quality of life, and it's within that context that must be considered.
Health is more than physical well- being, or the absence of disease, illness, or injury.
PREDISPOSING REINFORCING ENABLING CONSTRUCTS IN EDUCATIONAL DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION
SOCIAL ASSESSMENT
- Determine the social problems and needs of a given population and identify desired results. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Identify the health determinants of the identified problems and set priorities and goals ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
- Analyze behavioral and environmental determinants that predispose, reinforce, and enable the behaviors and lifestyles to be identified. IMPLEMENTATION
POLICY
REGULATORY AND
ORGANIZATIONAL
CONSTRUCTS IN
EDUCATIONAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
DEVELOPMENT
IMPLEMENTATION
Design intervention, assess availability of resources, and implement program. PROCESS EVALUATION Determine if program is reaching the targeted population and achieving desired goals. IMPACT EVALUATION Evaluate the change in behavior
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING CONCEPTS
Course: BS Nursing (NCM 105)
University: Bicol University
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Students also viewed
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- Educator- Trans - Nah
- Allaboutblood
- There are many different germs and infections inside and outside of the healthcare setting