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The 14 Learner-centered Psychological Principles Reaction Paper
Filipino : Sining ng Komunikasyon (N-05)
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Jelaika C. Baldicantos BSED-FILIPINO The 14 Learner-centered Psychological Principles The American Psychological Association(APA) developed 12 Learner-Centered Psychological Principles (LCP) in 1993, which were expanded to 14 in 1997. The principles are designed to deal with learners holistically in the relation to real learning contexts. These 14 principles are classified into four categories: cognitive and metacognitive, motivational and affective, developmental and social, and individual differences influencing learners and learning. Learner-centered psychological principles focus on providing a foundation for developing and combining the elements of new educational designs. These principles highlight the productive and reflective essence of learning and learners. The principles are designed to be applicable to all learners, including children, educators, administration and staff, parents, and members of our society who are associated in our learning system.
My reaction to the first category, which is cognitive and metacognitive, would be that it speaks for its own word. This concentrates on the learners' minds, how we gain knowledge on our own, and what we think about thinking. The first principle in the category of cognitive and metacognitive is the “nature of the learning process”, and I believe it is fair to think that learning could really come to us naturally or intentionally without even being forced to learn by anyone, because being compelled to learn or do something may not be effective for us. In view of the fact and based on my experience, learning by force does not really help me to be an active, goal-directed, and self regulating person because I am deprived of what I want. I think that as I would-be teacher it is important to know about the Principles, as I would also be the facilitator of learning and guide learners in order for them to construct their own knowledge without compromising and spoon feeding all the information to the learners so that they can discover on their own. As well as utilizing methods to help students create purpose based on relevant data, experiences, and their own views and opinions. The second principle, which is the "goal of the learning process," truly helps to the development of the learners, — particularly because we all have different principles, priorities, and
interests in life, and it is necessary that we are given instructional guidance and support to our goals, which may contribute in meaningful learning for the student, educator, or an individual. It is also important for me as a future educator to establish and align my goals with full respect and understanding for the learners' various interests and goals. The third principle in this category is "construction of knowledge," which provides me with more information on how someone like me, a future educator, can link information to my students. It is essential to review the previous lesson before providing students with new knowledge or information so that we can connect their previous knowledge about the topic to the new ones. I as well consider the methods mentioned in the article for obtaining a substantive construction of knowledge, such as concept mapping, organization, and categorizing, which I have found very useful on my learning journey because I've been utilizing these methods to interconnect my previous knowledge to new ones. The fourth principle under the first category is “strategic thinking” which I think we future educators should focus on higher thinking skills such as applying, assessing, developing, and evaluating the learners strategic learning skills. Committing to continuous learning and self-improvement helps us establish strategic thinking skills. I also think that strategic thinkers do not ignore any potential sources of education, whether it is learning through our own life experience, the perspectives of others, books, lectures, networks, conventions, or sophomore peers. The fifth principle, which is part of metacognition, is "thinking about thinking." It took a while for it to sink in that it was just like gaining knowledge about learning, which is great for us learners and future educators if we internalize and cultivate this principle within ourselves. We learners, especially during this time of pandemic, need to discover on our own and fully comprehend what the lesson is all about even though we can't always direct our concerns and thoughts to the teachers, so we may also need to learn how to apply these principles to our development. In fact, educators play an important role in the development of students. We could use methods of instruction that put emphasis on assisting learners in developing these higher-order strategies in order to improve learning and personal obligation for learning. The last principle for the first category is the “context of learning”. This last principle is extremely beneficial not only to the learning and development of the learners, but it also takes into account numerous
in their studies. However, as an individual, I would not recommend this type of motivation to the learners. It may be good to do this occasionally, but not to the extent that the learners anticipate to be rewarded for each and every excellence they achieve. That is why it is important to cultivate intrinsic motivation in ourselves by encouraging and facilitating students' natural curiosity and motivation for learning while accounting for individual differences in their perceptions of ideal innovation and problems, importance, and personal decision and control. The last principle under the second category is “effects of motivation on effort”. When we are intrinsically motivated to learn, it has a significant impact or influence on the level of effort that we have expended. In view of this fact, and also in my opinion, learning on the things we enjoy and choosing a course that we put effort into and being motivated even when we don't expect rewards for our excellence is because we chose a program that we want to learn rather than because we are forced to. As a future educator, I will indeed admit that it is beneficial to me and that I should develop intrinsic motivation simply because I know that teaching is my vocation and mission. That learning education program was not a choice for me but because I have my passion for this course.
The tenth principle which “developmental influences on learning” is under the third category of Developmental and Social Factors. I would say that motivation is not the only one that affects us but also our developmental factors especially that now we are facing many challenges and we are in a global pandemic. As for me, when we are transferred to a new set up in the online world or online classes I feel that it was really hard and I was not happy about it. I sometimes neglect those modules for days because I find it boring and unproductive but then as the 9th principle let us know we should be intrinsically motivated and I always find that in myself. I find a way to make it more fun for myself and to feel productive in every module I do and that is why as a future educator I need to take into account and accommodate the establishment of efficient learning environments, be aware of and understand developmental differences between learners with and without emotional, physical, or intellectual learning difficulties. Choosing this course and being in college do have different influences on my developmental learning simply because I love what I am learning and the way of the
teachers and all the materials given to us is appropriate to our level of learning and we really are having fun even in this time of pandemic. The eleventh principle is the “social influences on learning”. My response about it is that there is a big impact on our learning when we interact with other people, talk and communicate, and also collaborate with them. Social learning was really fun and do let us learn productively not just because it was then face to face but because we can share ideas and thoughts easily without hindrance but now in the new normal or the new setting of learning is also fun but it really is different when learners meet with each other and collaborate face to face. As a result, as future educators, we must allow for engaging and cooperative educational environments that enable individuals and learners to engage in perspective taking and thinking skills, that may also contribute to increased levels of intellectual, social, and morality, as well as personality.
Down to the last category which is Individual differences factors consist of the last three principles. The 12th principle is “individual differences in learning”. As a learner and individual I think we all have come from diverse backgrounds of our life; mentally, biologically, physically, and culture. So I think we future educator need to consider these factors on handling each learners because there are students that are below average, average, and above average and they’re not the same so I think if in the future as I handle students I need to consider all the aspects specially the students differences because I would know that they don’t have the same capabilities in learning for instance I am more an auditory learner I can learn just by listening but also visuals could also add up but there other learners that really can’t easily comprehend if it is just orally discussed they really need a visual representation and things to manipulate or work on so they can understand the lesson. That is why we future educators as much as possible, and if absolutely necessary, we should assist students in examining their own learning preferences and broadening or modifying them. The thirteenth principle is “learning and diversity”. I think that this focuses more on our overall aspects of diversity as an individual. Learners have different backgrounds that we future educators also need to account for such as our beliefs, religion, values, and different cultural backgrounds. In view to the fact on what I have experience especially those students
The 14 Learner-centered Psychological Principles Reaction Paper
Course: Filipino : Sining ng Komunikasyon (N-05)
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