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Anatomy and Physiology notes
Nursing (2018)
Lorma Colleges
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Anatomy and Physiology
Study of the structure
and shape of the body
Study of the function of the body parts
apart cut nature Study of
Differences in the size and shape of the body parts signifies its functions
-large observable parts
- too small and can’t be seen
Structural Organization
Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules.
- Cells are made up of molecules
- Tissues consist of similar types of cells
- Organs are made up of different types of tissues
- Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely. Human organisms are made up of many organ systems.
Organ Systems Overview
˪ Forms the external body covering ˪ Protects deeper tissue from injury ˪ Helps regulate body temperature ˪ Location of cutaneous nerve receptors
˪ Protects and supports body organs ˪ Provides muscle attachment for movement ˪ Site of blood cell formation ˪ Stores minerals
˪ Produces movement ˪ Maintains posture ˪ Produces heat
˪ Fast-acting control system ˪ Responds to internal and external change ˪ Activates muscles and glands
˪ Secretes regulatory hormones ˪ Growth ˪ Reproduction ˪ Metabolism
˪ Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart ˪ Oxygen ˪ Carbon dioxide ˪ Nutrients ˪ Wastes
˪ Returns fluids to blood vessels ˪ Cleanses the blood ˪ Involved in immunity
˪ Keeps blood supplied with oxygen ˪ Removes carbon dioxide
˪ Breaks down food ˪ Allows for nutrient absorption into blood ˪ Eliminates indigestible material as feces
˪ Eliminates nitrogenous wastes ˪ Maintains acid-base balance ˪ Regulates water and electrolytes
˪ Produces offspring ˪ Testes produce sperm and male hormone ˪ Ovaries produce eggs and female hormones ˪
Necessary Life Functions
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- Locomotion
- Movement of substances
- Ability to sense changes and react
- Breakdown and absorption of nutrients
- —chemical reactions within the
body - Break down complex molecules into smaller ones - Build larger molecules from smaller ones - Produces energy - Regulated by hormones
Eliminates waste from metabolic reactions
Wastes may be removed in urine or feces
Occurs on cellular level or organismal level
Produces future generation
Increases cell size and number of cells
Anatomy and Physiology notes
Course: Nursing (2018)
University: Lorma Colleges
