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Revision Notes Cross-Cultural Psychology Indigenous And, Module 1-3

Course

Cross-Cultural and Indigenous Psychology (PSY1030)

13 Documents
Students shared 13 documents in this course
Academic year: 2014/2015
Listed booksCulture and PsychologyIndigenous Identity in Contemporary Psychology: Dilemmas Developments Directions
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University of Southern Queensland

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Module 1

Objectives

  1. Definition of culture – FUNCTION

 Provides guidelines or roadmaps on what to do how to think ad what top feel. Also ways of living take advantage 0of toolkits to meet basic human needs.

Definition

 Unique information systems shared by group and transmitted across generations. Also allows group to meet basic needs pursue well-being and derive meaning from life.

  1. Explain cross-cultural psychology helps meets the twin goals of psychology, research and application.

 WEIRDOS are not representative of all humans. Is what we know about human behaviour to be true of all people  Cross-cultural research: tests cultural parameters of psychology knowledge. i. involves inclusion of people of different cultural backgrounds  Cross-cultural psychology: phenomenon of understanding cultural influences on behaviour

  1. Define and explain the difference between ETICS and EMICS

Etics – universal psychological processes. Process that are consistent across different cultures

Emics- culture – specific processes – different processes across cultures

  1. Explain why it is important to study the impact of cultures on psychology.

Important to incorporate a cultural perspective in mainstream psychology.

Knowledge created in psychology sho9uld be accurate and descriptive of all people.

Cross-cultural research t3ests whether what is true for some is also true for others.

Cultural diversity in findings and cultural differences in research are widespread.

Multicultural psychology incorporates psychologies of cultures around the world.

  1. List and describe different types of cross-cultural research methods.

1 validation studies o Validity – how accurate does tool measure what it is supposed to measure o Reliability – consistency of measurement. Cannot take scale of measurement developed and validated in one culture and use it in another. o Cross-cultural validation studies o Test equivalence of psychology measures o Important to conduct before cross-cultural comparisons

  1. Indigenous cultural studies

 Rich descriptions of complex theoretical models of culture.  Predict and explain cultural differences  Psychology processes and behaviour can be understood within cultural milieu ( social environment or setting)  To understand behaviour requires in-depth analysis of cultural systems  Roots in anthropology

  1. Cross-cultural comparisons

 Compare cultures on some psychological variable of interest  Serve as backbone of cross-culture research  Most prevalent type of cross-cultural study  Different types of cross-culture studies are prominent at different times  Own set of methodological issues have impact on quality

  1. Describe my own cultural background

4 th generation Irish who came to Australia in 1863 after their land was confiscated and turned over to English landlords. They were given land outside of Ipswich and the Brothers married other Irish immigrants in the community and started families.

Module 2

  1. Explain the different between in-groups and out-groups

In-groups- individuals with history of shared experiences; anticipat3e future that produce sense of intimacy, familiarity and trust.

Out-groups- those who lack in-group qualities

  1. Ethnocentrism, prejudice and discrimination

Ethnocentrism- tendency to view the world through one’s own cultural filters

Prejudice-tendency to prejudge others on basis of group membership

Discrimination- unfair treatment of others based on group membership

3.

Explicit – public views

Implicit- private may not be aware

Five levels of process

Microsystem

Immediate influences eg. Family school peers

Mesosystem

Intermediate influences eg links between various microsystems

Exosystem

Indirect influences eg parent’s workplace, mass media, social welfare services, legal services

Macro system

Larger systems of influences eg overall culture, society, religion (attitudes and ideologies of the culture)

Chronosystem

Influence of time on each of the other systems. (life events)

  1. Describe the impact of culture on education.

 Educational system is single most important formalised mechanism of instruction in many societies and cultures  Most think that country’s education system is solely an institution that teaches thinking skills and knowledge  Educational system is most important institution that teaches and reinforces cultural values  Formalised instruction in cultural rules and norms  Learning varies due to differences in o Language o School systems o Parental and family values o Attitudes and appraisals of students o Teaching styles and teacher/student relationships

  1. describe the relationship between culture and religion, particularly in relation to aboriginal Australians

Culture and religions

 Sets rules for behaviour  Influences gender roles and expectations  Influences identity formation  Provides social support sense of belonging  Provides guidance and structure for everyday life  Influences attitudes and beliefs

Religious rituals/ceremonies

 Ceremonies as rites of passage  Judaism, bar/bas mitzvah  Islam fasting during Ramadan  Aboriginal ceremonial pubertal initiation  Religious formal education

Aboriginal religion

 Earliest European settlers thought indigenous people had no religion  No overt signs  Indigenous Australians have deeply religious view of the world  The dreaming  No bible or book or scripture  No specific historical figure to worship  Oral traditions  Stories of ancestor beings  Stories are scared  Restricted audience (men’s stories or women’s stories)

Animism and totemism

 Animism o Attributing possession of a spirit to inanimate objects as well as to humans and other animals  Totemism o Idea that animals or objects share common descent with a person or group of people o Totems become symbols of person’s or group’s identity

  1. explain the impact of culture on developmental issues such as attachment and cognitive development.

Culture and attachment

 Attachment: special bond that develops between infant and caregiver  Quality of attachment has lifelong effects on relationships with loved one  Attachment provides child with emotional security  Once attach, babies are distressed by separation from caregiver

Bowlby’s theory of attachment

 Infants must have a preprogramed, biological basis for becoming attached to their care givers  Smiling and cooing elicits physical attachment behaviours on part of caregivers  Attachment relationship- between caregiver and child is survival strategy

Bowlby and Ainsworth’s classification system of attachment

 Tripartite classification system of attachment relationships o Secure: infant distressed when mother leaves but comforted when she returns

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Revision Notes Cross-Cultural Psychology Indigenous And, Module 1-3

Course: Cross-Cultural and Indigenous Psychology (PSY1030)

13 Documents
Students shared 13 documents in this course

University: University of Southern Queensland

Was this document helpful?
Module 1
Objectives
1. Definition of culture – FUNCTION
Provides guidelines or roadmaps on what to do how to think ad what top feel. Also9
ways of living take advantage 0of toolkits to meet basic human needs.
Definition
Unique information systems shared by group and transmitted across generations.
Also allows group to meet basic needs pursue well-being and derive meaning from
life.
2. Explain cross-cultural psychology helps meets the twin goals of psychology, research and
application.
WEIRDOS are not representative of all humans. Is what we know about human
behaviour to be true of all people
Cross-cultural research: tests cultural parameters of psychology knowledge. i.e.
involves inclusion of people of different cultural backgrounds
Cross-cultural psychology: phenomenon of understanding cultural influences on
behaviour
3. Define and explain the difference between ETICS and EMICS
Etics – universal psychological processes. Process that are consistent across different cultures
Emics- culture – specific processes – different processes across cultures
4. Explain why it is important to study the impact of cultures on psychology.
Important to incorporate a cultural perspective in mainstream psychology.
Knowledge created in psychology sho9uld be accurate and descriptive of all people.
Cross-cultural research t3ests whether what is true for some is also true for others.
Cultural diversity in findings and cultural differences in research are widespread.
Multicultural psychology incorporates psychologies of cultures around the world.
5. List and describe different types of cross-cultural research methods.
1.Method validation studies
o Validity – how accurate does tool measure what it is supposed to measure
o Reliability – consistency of measurement. Cannot take scale of measurement developed
and validated in one culture and use it in another.
o Cross-cultural validation studies
o Test equivalence of psychology measures
o Important to conduct before cross-cultural comparisons

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