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School A EES Trial 2019 - good

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Course

Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (049134 )

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University

University of Technology Sydney

Academic year: 2015/2016

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2019 TRIAL EXAMINATION

Earth and Environmental

Science

General Instructions

Reading time – 5 minutes
Working time – 3 hours
Write using black pen only
Draw diagrams using pencil
Use the multiple-choice answer sheet provided
NESA-approved calculators may be used
Write your Student Number at the top of this page and on the multiple-choice answer sheet write BOTH your number AND name.

Total marks - 100 This paper has two sections: Section I – 20 marks

Attempt Questions 1-
Allow about 30 minutes for this part Section II – 80 marks
Attempt Questions 21-
Allow about 2 hour and 30 minutes for this part

Disclaimer Every effort has been made to prepare this Examination in accordance with the Board of Studies documents. No guarantee or warranty is made or implied that the Examination paper mirrors in every respect the actual HSC Examination question paper in this course. This paper does not constitute ‘advice’ nor can it be construed as an authoritative interpretation of Board of Studies intentions. No liability for any reliance, use or purpose related to this paper is taken. Advice on HSC examination issues is only to be obtained from the NSW Board of Studies. The publisher does not accept any responsibility for accuracy of papers which have been modified.

Section I

Student Number

Part A – 20 marks Attempt Questions 1 – 20 Allow about 35 minutes for this part Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1 – 20

1 Photosynthetic cyanobacteria were the dominant life form 3200 million years ago. What was the main consequence of photosynthesis at that time? A The production of carbon dioxide led to an increase in dissolved carbonates in the ocean. B The production of oxygen led to an increase in banded iron formations C The production of oxygen led to an increase in atmospheric oxygen and the formation of the ozone layer D The production of carbon dioxide led to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide and higherglobal temperatures

2 Refer to the following diagram.

Compared to the surrounding material, mantle plumes rise toward Earth’s surface from the core- mantle boundary because they are: A Cooler and less dense B Hotter and denser C Cooler and denser D Hotter and less dense

3 Four rock strata, labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4 are represented below. Index fossils found in some of the rock layers are shown. The rock layers have not been overturned.

5 Refer to the graph for the next two questions. The graph shows the average global air temperature changes that have occurred since the late 1800s. Five volcanoes that experienced major eruptions during this time period are indicated.

The global temperature

A Decreased because volcanic gases and dust blocked insolation (solar radiation) B Decreased because molten rock released heat C Increased because volcanic gases and dust blocked insolation D Increased because molten rock released heat

6 Which conclusion can be made from the data shown in the graph?

A Volcanic eruptions occur in a cyclic and predictable pattern B Volcanic eruptions have generally increased in strength since the late 1800s C Global air temperatures are warmer today than they were in the late 1800s D Global air temperatures have had fewer changes since 1950

7 A leading scientist states that the open-pit development for the proposed mine, which is located within a wetlands system, must be ecologically sustainable. This means that the development A Must be planned without compromising the environmental needs of future generations B Must be planned in a way that takes the ecology of the area into account C Must not affect the wetlands system in any way D Cannot proceed

8 Relative and absolute dating methods can be used to date the layers of a stratigraphic sequence.

Which type of rock can be used to give an absolute age date? A Pyroclastic tuff B Volcanic basalt C Sedimentary mudstone D Fossiliferous limestone

9 With which of the following concerns have carbon dioxide emissions been linked? A Acid rain and climate change B Ozone depletion and acid rain C Climate change and biodiversity D Biodiversity and ozone depletion

10 Which of the following statements is true for modern landfill design?

A Capture, treatment and removal of leachates is required. B Clay liners prevent leachates from contaminating the waste. C Plastic liners are used to allow large volumes of methane to accumulate. D Compaction prior to sealing prevents water seepage into the surrounding rocks.

11 What is the most likely reason for deep focus earthquakes occurring?

A Movement of two plates along a fault line B Convergence of an oceanic plate and a continental plate C Built-up stress due to two plates sliding past each other D Mountain building due to collision of two continental plates

12 Relative dating is based on which of the following?

A Measuring radioactive isotopes B Using carbon- C Establishing the complexity of fossils D Determining stratigraphic sequence

13 The diagram shows the geology of an area where an open-cut lead–zinc mine is proposed.

16 The graph shows number of families and the carbon dioxide levels from 600 Ma BP to the present.

Which of the following inferences could be made based on the data in the graph? A The Permian extinction followed large volcanic eruptions B The Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction followed large volcanic eruptions. C The radiations of new families after the late Devonian extinction is related to carbon dioxidelevels D The number of families in the late Cambrian is due to higher carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.

17 What was the main reason for phasing out halides, including CFCs, that were widely used in aerosols and refrigerants? A They were a limited industrial resource B They were replaced by more modern technology. C They were a contributor to greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere. D They were a cause of the depletion of the ozone layer in Earth’s atmosphere

18 The aerial photograph below shows two streams that have been displaced by tectonic movement along the San Andreas fault. The arrows show the relative direction of movement along the fault.

Which statement is correct regarding this type of boundary? A This is convergent boundary with explosive volcanoes B This is a divergent boundary with effusive volcanoes C This is a transform boundary with effusive volcanoes D This is a transform boundary with no volcanoes

19 Ice cores can provide access to samples of the gases, pollen and other particles that were present in the atmosphere at different times in the past. Which one of the following methods is most likely to be able to determine the age of a sample collected from a core drilled from an ice sheet?

A Freshwater fossils preserved in the ice B The presence of distinctive volcanic ash layers within the ice C Counting of the annual layers preserved in the ice D Measurement of the salt content in the water

Section II 80 marks Attempt Questions 21 to 34 Allow about 2 hour and 30 minutes for this part Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces provide guidance for the expected length of response.

Mark Question 21 (5 marks)

The table gives data for several impact craters.

a) Which crater was formed at the same time as a mass extinction?

1

b) Explain how the impact of a meteor can cause a mass extinction. 4

Mark Question 22 (4 marks)

a) Identify a local or global strategy aimed at achieving a decrease in the emissions for EACH of these TWO gases.

2

Gas Local or global strategy to decrease emissions of gas Methane

Sulfur dioxide

b) Explain how the strategies identified reduces the emissions of each gas.

2

Question 23 (3 marks) Assess the contribution of Urey and Miller to the debate about the origin of life. 3

Mark Question 25 (9 marks) Increasing world population and overconsumption places an ever-increasing demand on natural resources.

In class you prepared a case study of an important non-renewable resource. Discuss how this resource is found, extracted and /or managed; how the resource is used and whether it can be extracted sustainably to meet the current and projected demands.

Name of the resource: ____________________________________________

9 __________________________________________________________________________

Mark d) Identify two limitations of this model in understanding the Earth’s greenhouse effect. 2

Question 27 (8 marks) a) Identify an ‘alternative energy source’ and evaluate its effectiveness in mitigating the release of greenhouse gases.

4 __________________________________________________________________________

b) Evaluate the effectiveness of an adaptation strategy to cope with some of the impacts of the Enhanced Greenhouse Effect in urban design.

4 __________________________________________________________________________

Question 28 (7 marks) Mark This is a part of news report: This weekend, an East Coast Low has been ravaging the east coast of Australia.

a) Identify the type of weather systems are east coast lows usually associated with? 1

b) State risks associated with east coast lows. 3

The maps below show regions within Australia with different Bushfire risks and climatic zones.

BUSHFIRE RISKS CLIMATIC ZONES

Mark Using the graph and the analogy, analyse the relationship between the type of magma produced and the explosivity of eruptions.

5 __________________________________________________________________________

Question 30 (6 marks) The following photo is of a toppled high-rise building in a magnitude 6 earthquake that rocked the region of Taiwan.

Mark a) Describe how tall buildings can be made resistant to the effects of earthquake. 3

Read the following news article:

The devastating Indian Ocean tsunami of 26th December 2004 was caused by the largest earthquake that has been recorded in 40 years. Within minutes of the quake occurring the Tsunami Warning Centers in Hawaii and Alaska knew of the potential for a severe tsunami in the Indian Ocean. The Centers have fast and efficient methods off alerting Pacific nations of an approaching tsunami but there is no system in place for warning countries bordering the Indian Ocean. SBS World News reported that staff at the Centers tried in vain to contact officials in the affected countries but the warnings did not reach the coastal areas in time.

b) Evaluate the effectiveness of a technologies in predicting earthquakes. 3

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School A EES Trial 2019 - good

Course: Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (049134 )

11 Documents

Students shared 11 documents in this course

University: University of Technology Sydney

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2019 TRIAL EXAMINATION

Earth and Environmental

Science

General Instructions

• Reading time – 5 minutes

• Working time – 3 hours

• Write using black pen only

• Draw diagrams using pencil

• Use the multiple-choice answer sheet

provided

• NESA-approved calculators may be used

• Write your Student Number at the top of

this page and on the multiple-choice

answer sheet write BOTH your number

AND name.

Total marks - 100

This paper has two sections:

Section I – 20 marks

• Attempt Questions 1-20

• Allow about 30 minutes for this part

Section II – 80 marks

• Attempt Questions 21-34

• Allow about 2 hour and 30 minutes for this

part

Disclaimer

Every effort has been made to prepare this Examination in accordance with the Board of Studies documents. No guarantee

or warranty is made or implied that the Examination paper mirrors in every respect the actual HSC Examination question

paper in this course. This paper does not constitute ‘advice’ nor can it be construed as an authoritative interpretation of

Board of Studies intentions. No liability for any reliance, use or purpose related to this paper is taken. Advice on HSC

examination issues is only to be obtained from the NSW Board of Studies. The publisher does not accept any responsibility

for accuracy of papers which have been modified.

Section I

Student Number