Critical Thinking (PHIL105)

Consider this argument P1: Because of the difficulty of writing a thesis, PhD students usually work very long hours, staying in their offices at the university until late at night and on weekends. P2: Ryan, a PhD student, is in his office all day, seven days a week. Therefore, probably, C: Ryan generally works hard on his thesis. Which of the following premises does not undermine the conclusion? Group of answer choices Ryan spends pretty much all his time in the office marking essays and preparing for tutorials. Ryan spends most of the time he's in his office playing video games. Ryan likes playing videogames. Ryan watches TV series on his office computer all day every day.

Consider this argument: P1: We shouldn’t be cruel to animals. P2: Being cruel to someone includes harming them unnecessarily. P3: The consumption of animal products harms animals. P4: The consumption of animal products is unnecessary. Therefore probably, C: We shouldn’t consume animal products. Now describe the role of the following information on this argument: The consumption of animal products harms animals less than not consuming them. Group of answer choices: Underminer Defeater Supporter Irrelevant

Consider this argument: P1: We shouldn’t be cruel to animals. P2: Being cruel to someone includes harming them unnecessarily. P3: The consumption of animal products harms animals. P4: The consumption of animal products is unnecessary. Therefore probably, C: We shouldn’t consume animal products. Now describe the role of the following information on this argument: The consumption of animal products harms animals less than not consuming them. Group of answer choices Underminer Defeater Supporter Irrelevant

Consider this argument: P1: Most Cats are vicious killers of wildlife. P2: Belinda is a Cat. Therefore probably, C: Belinda regularly kills wildlife viciously. What is the relationship of the following statement to the above argument? Belinda is a Cat, and yet she lacks some of the essential properties of a Cat such as being a mammal, and so she is also not a Cat. Group of answer choices Paradox Game-changer Defeater Underminer Attack on Premise Acceptability

Consider this argument: P1: Jessica claims she saw Steven commit the robbery. P2: Jessica said she was able to recognize Steven in a police line-up. Therefore, probably, C: Steven committed the robbery. Which of the following premises does not undermine it? Group of answer choices Jessica, who has very bad eyesight, was not wearing her specs when the robbery took place. Steven has very common features, and is often mistaken for other people. The robbery took place at night, but the streetlamps around the crime scene were all on at that time. Jessica testified against Steven as part of a plea bargain that would reduce the prison sentence she’s currently serving.

Consider this argument: P1: We shouldn’t be cruel to animals. P2: Being cruel to someone includes harming them unnecessarily. P3: The consumption of animal products harms animals. P4: The consumption of animal products is unnecessary. Therefore probably, C: We shouldn’t consume animal products. Now describe the role of the following information on this argument: Nature is cruel; many animals suffer more in the wild than when humanely killed and consumed. Group of answer choices Defeater Underminer Irrelevant Supporter