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Edivian Diaz-Perez Lesson 4 application docx
United States History I (HIST 1301)
Central Texas College
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NAME Edilvian Diaz-Perez________________ HITT1349 LESSON 4 APPLICATION
LABORATORY AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTS IN NEOPLASTIC AND SKIN DISEASES
Disease Lab or Diagnostic Test
Reference Values
Description Purposes Clinical Problems
Dermatitis
Allergy Testing (Allergen-specific)
Adults: 100 iu/L Children: 6- less than 90 iu/L
IgE is a protein that acts as an antibody in response to allergen stimulation. An allergen is a substance that the person is allergic to, which causes an increase in IgE. A hypersensitive reaction occurs.
To determine the presence of an allergy. To detect the type of allergen by the blood sample. To identify the severity of the allergy by the RAST test.
Increased levels in dermatitis, asthma, drug or food allergy.
Skin Wound Skin LesionsCulture
Leukemias
Cold agglutinins 1:8 antibody titer, greater than 1: significantly increased, greater than 1: definitely positive
Antibodies that agglutinate red blood cells at temperatures between 0 degrees centigrade and 10 degrees centigrade.
To determine presence of an increased antibody titer. To compare test results with other laboratory tests
Increased in lymphatic leukemia
Cryoglobulinemi a
Cryoglobulins Adult: Negative Child: Negative
Abnormal immunoglobulins that are in the blood and will precipitate at low temperatures and dissolve at warm temperature.
To assist in diagnosing certain autoimmune disorders, lymphoid malignancies, acute and chronic, and Raynaud phenomenon. To compare the test results with other laboratories.
Increased level: Raynaud phenomenon autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, SLE) acute and chronic infections.
Gout
Uric Acid Adult male: 3- 8mg/dL Female: 2.-6. mg/dL Child: 2-5. mg/dL Elderly: 3-8. mg/dL
Is a product of purine metabolism. Elevated urine and serum uric acid levels (hyperuricemia)
To monitor serum acid during treatment for gout. To aid on the diagnosis of health problems.
Anemia
Bone Marrow Aspiration Adult male: 13. to 17 grams of hemoglobin per deciliters of blood. Female: 12 to 15 g/dL for women Child can vary depending on sex and age.
Procedure that involves taking a sample of the liquid part of the soft tissue inside your bones. Bone marrow is the spongy tissue found inside bones.
Identifies the disease, and it monitors the progression or treatment of a disease.
Blood cell conditions in which too few or to many of certain types of blood cells are produced, such as leukopenia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, pancytopenia and polycythemia.
Colon Cancer
CEA
A normal result is less than 5 nanograms per milliliter. A higher- than-normal CEA level that increases over the time might signal that your cancer has grown or it has come back after treatment.
A malignant tumor arising from the inner wall of the large intestine.
To detect the origin of lower intestinal bleeding. To identify polyps in the large intestine. To screen for benign or malignant lesions in the colon.
Intestinal bleeding, periodical screening for polyps or tumors, diverticular disease, benign or malignant lesions, and ulcerative colitis.
Kidney, Bladder Cancer
Renin Adult: Normal Sodium diet: Supine: 0-2. ng/ml Upright: 1-4. ng/ml Restricted Sodium Diet: Upright 4-10. ng/ml Child: 1-3 years 1-11 ng/ml, 3-5 years old 1- 6 ng/ml 5-10 years: ng/ml
An enzyme secreted by the kidneys. This enzyme activates the renin- angiotensin system, which causes vasoconstriction and the release of aldosterone.
To identify a possible cause of hypertension.
Decreased Level: Essential hypertension, Cushing syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, high sodium diet. Drug influence: Antihypertensives (methyldopa, guanethidine, propranolol, levodopa).
Intravenous Pyelogram, Excretory Urography
IVP
Normal size, structure, and function of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
Intravenous pyelography is more properly called excretory urography, because it visualizes the entire urinary tract and not just the kidneys and pelvis.
To identify abnormal size, shape, and functioning of kidneys. To detect renal calculi, tumor or cyst.
Abnormal findings: Renal calculi, neoplasm of the kidney or bladder, and kidney diseases.
Lung Cancer
ADH
Adult: 1-5 pg/ml; 1-5 ng/L
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. (neurohypophysis). The primary function of ADH is in water reabsorption from the distal renal tubules in response to the serum osmolality.
To detect a deficit or excess in ADH secretion. To identify the presence of body fluid deficit or excess.
Decreased level: Diabetes insipidus, psychogenic polydipsia, nephrotic syndrome. Drug influence: Alcohol, lithium, demeclocycline, phenytoin (Dilantin).
Hypocalcemia
Calcium 1/L Adult total Ca: 4.5-5 mEq/L,9- 11 mg/dL, 2-2. mmo1/L (SI units). Ionized Ca: 4- 5 mg/dL, 2- 2 mEq/L1- 1 mmo.
Calcium is found more abundantly in the bones and teeth. Approximately 50% of the calcium is ionized, and only ionized calcium can be used by the body.
To check for serum calcium excess or deficit. To monitor calcium levels. To detect calcium imbalance.
Decreased level: Diarrhea, malabsorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract, extensive infections, burns, lack of calcium and vitamin D intake. Increased level: Hypervitaminosis D: hyperparathyroidism: malignant neoplasm of the bone, lung, breast, bladder, or kidney.
Wilson’s Disease
Copper Adult male: 70- 140mcg/dL,11- umo1/L (S1 units). Female 80- mcg/dL,123- 24 umo1/L (S units) Child: Newborn: 20- mcg/dL Child: 30- 190 mcg/dL
Copper is required for hemoglobin synthesis and for activation of the respiratory enzymes. Approximately 90% of the copper is bound to alpha 2-globin referred to as eeruplasmin, which is the means of the copper transportation in the body.
To detect if there is a serum copper excess or deficit. To aid in the diagnosis of Wilson disease (hepatolenticular disease).
Decreased level: Hepatolenticular disease (Wilsons disease), protein malnutrition, chronic ischemic heart disease, Increased level: Cancer (bone, stomach, large intestine liver lung,), Hodgkin disease, leukemias, hypothyroidism.
Bronchial Obstruction
Bronchography Normal tracheobronchial structure
Bronchography is an x-ray to visualize the trachea, bronchi, and the entire bronchial tree after a radiopaque iodine contrast liquid through a catheter into the tracheobronchial space.
To detect bronchial obstruction, such as foreign bodies and tumors.
Indications: Bronchial obstruction (foreign bodies, tumors, cysts or cavities bronchiectasis).
Endometrial Cancer
Estrogen Adult female: early menstrual cycle:60- pg/mL Child: 1-6 years 3- 10 pg/mL; 8- years: Less than 30 pg/mL
Estrogen is produced by the ovaries, adrenal cortex and testes. There are over 30 estrogens identified in the body.
To diagnose ovarian dysfunction and other health problems.
Decreased level: Ovarian failure or dysfunction, primary hypogonadism, Turner syndrome, intrauterine death in pregnancy. Increased level: Ovarian tumors, precocious puberty, adrenal hyperplasia or tumors.
Breast Cancer
Thermography White spots: symmetric: appearance of the breast (photograph)
Mammothermography (breast thermography), an infrared photographic test, measures and records heat energy from the skin surface of the breast.
To aid in the diagnose of a breast lesion.
Indications: Cancer of the breast, and fibrocystic disease of the breast. Abscesses of the breast.
Edivian Diaz-Perez Lesson 4 application docx
Course: United States History I (HIST 1301)
University: Central Texas College
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