Neuroscience &amp;amp; Behavior Biological Basis of Behavior    Your every idea, every mood, every urge is a biological occurrence It is your brain that enables your mind Neuropsychologists and psychologists working in neuroscience are concerned with the links between biology and behavior Neural Communication Body’s information system is built from billions of interconnected cells called Neurons Neuron A nerve cell consisting of different parts Consists of:  Synapse o All the space surrounding the neuron  Cell body o The cell’s life support  Dendrites o Receive messages from other cells  Axon o Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands  Neural Impulse (Action Potential) o A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon and is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon’s membrane  Myelin Sheath o Covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed up messages through the neuron  Terminal branches of axon o Branches endings of an exon that transmit messages to other neurons Types of Neurons    Sensory Neurons o Carry messages from the body’s tissues and sensory organs to the brain and spinal cord Motor Neurons o Carry messages and instructions from brain and spinal cord to bodily tissues Interneurons o Brain’s internal communication system Neurotransmitters Chemicals that:    Are released from the sending neuron and travel across the synapse Then they bind receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing it to trigger or inhibit an action potential Examples: o Serotonin  Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal  Undersupply can lead to depression o Norepinephrine  Helps control alertness and arousal  Undersupply can lead to depression The Nervous System Nervous System Consists of all the nerve cells. It is the body’s speedy, electrochemical communication system Central Nervous System (CNS) The brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) The sensory and moto neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

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Chapter 2 Neuroscience and Behavior

Course: Introduction to Psychology (PSYCH 101)

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University: Drexel University

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Neuroscience & Behavior

Biological Basis of Behavior

Your every idea, every mood, every urge is a biological occurrence

It is your brain that enables your mind

Neuropsychologists and psychologists working in neuroscience are concerned with the

links between biology and behavior

Neural Communication

Body’s information system is built from billions of interconnected cells called Neurons

Neuron

A nerve cell consisting of different parts

Consists of:



Synapse

oAll the space surrounding the neuron



Cell body

oThe cell’s life support



Dendrites

oReceive messages from other cells



Axon

oPasses messages away from the cell body to other neurons,

muscles, or glands



Neural Impulse (Action Potential)

oA brief electrical charge that travels down an axon and is

generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in

and out of channels in the axon’s membrane



Myelin Sheath

oCovers the axon of some neurons and helps speed up

messages through the neuron



Terminal branches of axon

oBranches endings of an exon that transmit messages to

other neurons

Types of Neurons



Sensory Neurons

oCarry messages from the body’s tissues and sensory organs to the brain and spinal

cord

Motor Neurons

oCarry messages and instructions from brain and spinal cord to bodily tissues

Interneurons

oBrain’s internal communication system

Chapter 2 Neuroscience and Behavior

Introduction to Psychology (PSYCH 101)

Drexel University

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