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Chemistry Section 1 Notes

notes for final 1
Subject

Chemistry

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KRIS BROWN
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Chemistry Test 1 Notes September Chapter 1: Matter and Change 1 "Chemistry is a Physical Science"

  1. What is the definition of science?

 Science is the knowledge obtained by observing natural events and conditions to discover facts and formulate laws or principles that can be verified or tested.

  1. What branch of chemistry is most concerned with the study of carbon compounds?

 Organic Chemistry

  1. Identify each of the following as an example of either basic research, applied research, or technological development:

a. A new type of refrigerant that is less damaging to the environment is developed.

 applied research

b. A new element is synthesized in a particle accelerator.

 basic research

c. A computer chip is redesigned to increase the speed of the computer.

 technological development

  1. What is said to be the origin of chemistry?

 Alchemy

  1. Should you believe any “scientific claim” you hear?

Why?

 not every single one, but only the ones backed up with evidence

1 "Matter and Its Properties"

  1. a. What is mass? the measure of the amount of matter

b. What is volume? the amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies

  1. How does the composition of a pure compound differ from that of a mixture?

 The proportions of elements in a pure compound are mixed

  1. a. Define property. A characteristic of a substance or material

b. How are properties useful in classifying materials?

 Properties are useful for classifying unknown materials as members of known groups or subgroups of substances or for identifying substances directly.

  1. What is the difference between extensive properties and intensive properties?

 Extensive properties, such as mass and volume, depend on the amount of matter being measured. Intensive properties, such as density and color, do not depend on the amount of the substance present.

  1. a. Define chemical property.

 relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

b. List two examples of chemical properties.

 ability of coal to burn and Iron to rust

  1. Distinguish between a physical change and a chemical change.

 Physical - a change in a substance that doesn't involve a change in the identity of a substance

 Chemical - a change in which substances are converted into different substances

  1. a. How does a solid differ from a liquid?

 Metals have a shiny luster, are malleable as well as ductile, have a high melting point, and are excellent conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetals are generally not as shiny, are brittle, have low density, low melting point, and are poor conductors of electricity and heat. Metalloids are solids, can be both shiny and dull, are ductile, malleable, and conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals but not as well as metals. The noble gases are all odorless and colorless. They have no physical shape. Metals are on the left side, nonmetals are on the right side, metalloids are in a stair like shape on the right side, and noble gases take up the far right column.

  1. Suppose element X is a poor conductor of electricity and breaks when hit with a hammer. Element Z is a good conductor of electricity and heat. In what area of the periodic table does each element most likely belong?

 Element X most likely belongs to the right side of the periodic table along with the other nonmetals. Element Z most likely belongs with the metals on the left side of the periodic table.

  1. An unknown element is shiny and is found to be a good conductor of electricity. What other properties would predict for it?

 Malleable, Ductile, Conducts heat.

2 "Scientific Method"

  1. How does quantitative information differ from qualitative information?

 Qualitative data is DESCRIPTIVE, while quantative data deals with NUMERICAL information. An example of this would be the mass of coper ore is 25 g (quantitative). The sky is blue is a fact and is non-numerical (qualitative).

  1. What is a hypothesis? How does it differ from a theory?

 a hypothesis is an assumption made before any research has been completed for the sake of testing. A theory on the other hand is a principle set to explain phenomena already supported by data.

  1. a. What is a model in the scientific sense?

A model is often an explanation of how phenomena’s occur and how data or events are related.

b. How does a model differ from a theory?

 A model is a part of a theory. A theory is a broad generalization ( the big picture ).

Chapter 2: "Measurements and Calculations"

2 "Units of Measurement"

  1. Why is it important for a measurement system to have an international standard?

So everybody will be able to understand what somebody from another country is talking about. (Universal Agreement)

  1. How does a quantity differ from a unit? Use two examples to explain the difference.

 A quantity is something that has magnitude, size, or amount while a unit is a type of measurement. Example 1: The quantity represented by a teaspoon of volume, teaspoon is a unit and volume is a quantity. Example 2: If there are 236 kg, the 236 is the quantity while kg is the units.

  1. List the seven SI base units and the quantities they represent.

length: meter- m mass: kilogram- kg time: second- s temperature: Kelvin- K Amount of Substance: mole- mol Electric Current: ampere- A Luminous intensity: candela- cd

  1. What is the numerical equivalent of each of the following SI prefixes? a. kilo - 1,000 b. centi - 1/100 c. mega - 1,000,

d. micro - 1/1,000,000 e. milli - 1/1,

  1. Identify the SI unit that would be most appropriate for expressing the length of the following. a. width of a gymnasium - METER

b. length of a finger - CENIMETER c. distance between your town and the closest border of the next state KILOMETER

d. length of a bacterial cell - MICROMETER

  1. Identify the SI unit that would be most appropriate for measuring the mass of each of the following objects. a. table b. coin c. a 250 mL beaker

  2. a. What is a derived unit?

  3. Arrange in the correct order the following four basic steps for finding the solution to a problem: check your work, analyze, solve, and plan.

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Chemistry Section 1 Notes

Subject: Chemistry

999+ Documents
Students shared 3785 documents in this course
Level:

Standard

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Chemistry Test 1 Notes
September
Chapter 1: Matter and Change
1.1 "Chemistry is a Physical Science"
1. What is the definition of science?
Science is the knowledge obtained by observing natural events and conditions to
discover facts and formulate laws or principles that can be verified or tested.
2. What branch of chemistry is most concerned with the study of carbon compounds?
Organic Chemistry
3. Identify each of the following as an example of either basic research, applied research, or
technological development:
a. A new type of refrigerant that is less damaging to the environment is developed.
applied research
b. A new element is synthesized in a particle accelerator.
basic research
c. A computer chip is redesigned to increase the speed of the computer.
technological development
4. What is said to be the origin of chemistry?
Alchemy
5. Should you believe any “scientific claim” you hear?
Why?
not every single one, but only the ones backed up with evidence

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