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Nclex drugs - Cheat sheet cards-Pharmacology
Cheat sheet cards-Pharmacology
Course
Pharamacology (-)
50 Documents
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Gwinnett Technical College
Academic year: 2022/2023
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Common Drug Suffixes
Family Drug Example
-chol
-trop
scop-
-stigmine
-curium
-curonium
-ane
-caine
-pam
-lam
-tal
-zine
-apine
-idone
-capone
Muscarinic agonist
Muscarinic blocker
Achase inhibitor
Nondepolarizing
neuromuscular blocker
Inhailed anasthetic
Local anaesthetic
Benzodiazepine
Barbiturate
Typical antipsychotic
or antihistamine
Atypical antipsychotic
COMT inhibitor for
parkinson's disease
carbachol
Atropine
Scopolamine
Neostigmine
Atracurium
Mivacurium
Pancuronium
Halothane
Lidocaine
Diapam
Lorazopam
Phenobarbital
Chlorpromazine
Thoridazine
Clozapine
Risperidone
Tolcapone
Entacapone
Family Drug Example
-penam
Cell wall inhibitor “Broad
spectrum”
Imipenem
Meropenem
-floxacin Fluoroquinolone
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
-conazole
‘’Azole’’
Antifungal
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
-quine Antimalarial
Chloroquine
Primaquine
-ovir
Antiviral “ DNA polymerase
inhibitors” treats herpes
Acyclovir
Ganciclovir
Valacyclovir
-ivir
Neuraminidase inhibitor “
treats influenza”
Zanamivir
-avir
Antiviral protease
inhibitor “treats HIV/AIDS”
Indinavir
Ritonavir
Family Drug Example
-olol
-alol
-ilol
Beta blocker
Alpha-Beta blockers
Vascular Calcium
channel blocker
Alpha -1 blocker
Ace inhibitor
ARB
Antiarrhythmic
Anti hyperlipidemic Hmg
coa reductase inhibitor
Carbonic anhydrase
inhibitor
Loop diuretic
Low molecular weight
heparin
Direct thrombin inhibitor
metoprolol
Sotalol
cardviolol
Nifidipine
Terazosin
Doxazosin
Lisinopril
Losartan
Amiodarone
Rosuvastatin
Acetazolamide
Furosemide
Enoxaparin
Lepirudin
-dipine
-zosin
-pril
-sartan
-darone
-statin
-zolamide
-semide
-parin
-rudin
Family Drug Example
-tidine H2 blocker Cimetidine
-prazole PPI Pantoprazole
-setron 5HT3 blocker ‘’Anti Emetic’’ Ondansetron
Family Drug Example
vin- Microtubule inhibitor
Vincristine
Vinblastine
-rubicin
-mab
-tinib
Cancer drug Doxorubicin
Monoclonal antibody drug
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Rituximab
Imatinib
CNS Neuromuscular
Cardiovascular
Oncology
GI
Infectious Disease
Need to know
medications for NCLEX I
Common Brand Names Generic Names
Demerol Meperidine HCL
Dilaudid Hydromorphone
Duragesic, Sublimaze Fentanyl
Morphine Sulfate Morphine Sulfate
Vicodin, Norco Hydrocodone
Opioids
↑ pain threshold by altering pain
perception
↑ interval between seizures
Common Brand Name Generic Name
Dilantin Phenytoin
Neurontin Gabapentin
Tegretol Carbamazepine
Depakote Valproic Acid
Common Brand Name Generic Name
Dilantin Phenytoin
Neurontin Gabapentin
Tegretol Carbamazepine
Depakote Valproic Acid
*Neurontin is sometimes prescribed for
chronic pain neuropathy
*Monitor blood levels: Dilantin, Tegretol,
and Depakote
Common Brand Names Generic Names
Buspar Buspirone Hydrochloride
Common Brand Names Generic Names
Elavil Amitriptyline
Azaspirodecanedione derivatives
↓ anxiety. Action unknown, thought to act by
↓ the amount/action of serotonin in certain parts
of the brain.
SSRIs
Act by inhibiting serotonin reuptake in CNS
Common Brand Names Generic Names
Celexa Citalopram
Lexapro Escitalopram Oxalate
Paxil Paroxetine
Prozac Fluoxetine
Zoloft Sertraline
Effexor Venlafaxine
Act by blocking reuptake of norepinephrine
and serotonin at nerve endings
Enhance/facilitate GABA, an inhibitory
neurotransmitter
ANALGESICS ANTICONVULSANTS
BENZODIAZEPINES ( Pam & Lam) ANTIDEPRESSANTS
ANXIOLYTICS TRICYCLICS
Need to know
medications for NCLEX III
Common Brand Name Generic Name
Altace Ramipril
Capoten Captopril
Prinivil, Zestril Lisinopril
Vasotec Enalapril
Common Brand Name Generic Name
Inderal Propranolol
Lopressor Metoprolol Tartrate
Toprol-XL Metoprolol Succinate
Tenormin Atenolol
Common Brand Name Generic Name
Cardizem Diltiazem
Norvasc Amlodipine
Procardia Nifedipine
Verelan, Isoptin, Calan Verapamil
Common Brand Names Generic Name
Hytrin Terazosin
Minipress Prazosin
Common Brand Names Generic Name
Coreg Carvedilol
Trandate, Normodyne Labetalol
Common Brand Names Generic Names
Catapres Clonidine
ACE Inhibitors
Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
(potent vasoconstrictor)-Causing vasodilation and
PVR (peripheral vascular resistance) without ↓ cardiac
output/rate/contractility-Aldosterone is also blocked,
causing a ↓ in Na+ and H2O retention. Side effect:
Nagging, nonproductive cough, angioedema
Dilate blood vessels and ↓ (PVR)
*check potassium level
centrally-acting anti-hypes causing
↓ amounts of norepinephrine to be
released, ↓ sympathetic activity
Alpha blockers-block alpha 1 receptors
→ vasodilation. Beta blockers-block beta 1
& beta 2 receptors:
→ reduce HR, myocardial irritability, force of
contraction
→ depress automaticity of SA node,
↓ speed of AV & intraventricular conduction
→ suppress release of renin from the kidneys
• Block Na+ influx into the beta-receptors
↓ force of myocardial contraction/conductivity
↓ HR, ↓ PVR.
• Produce relaxation of coronary & vascular
smooth muscle; dilates coronary arteries;
↑ myocardial O2 delivery, ↓ O2 demand.
• Side effect: edema, dysrhythmias
Prevent sympathetic stimulation of the heart,
thus ↓ HR and contractility.
↓ myocardial irritability, depress
automaticity of SA node,↓ speed of AV &
intraventricular conduction
suppress release of renin from the kidneys.
ANTIHYPERTENSIVES –(PRIL) ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS-(ZOSYN)
ALPHA 2 ANTAGONISTS
BETA BLOCKERS-(OLOL)
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
ALPHA & BETA ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS-(LOL)
*May cause bronchoconstriction.
Need to know
medications for NCLEX IV
Common Brand Names Generic Name
Nitro BID
Tridil
Transderm Nitro
Nitrostat
Nitroglycerin
Imdur Isosorbide Mononitrate
Isorbid
Isordil
Sorbitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate
Brand Names Generic Name
Atacand Candesartan
Cozaar Losartan
Diovan Valsartan
Brand Names Generic Names
Lanoxin Digoxin
Brand Names Generic Names
Glucophage Metformin
Brand Names Generic Names
Januvia Sitagliptin
Common Brand Names Generic Name
Actos Pioglitazone
Avandia Rosiglitazone
Brand Names Generic Name
Amaryl Glimepiride
Diabeta
Glynase
Micronase
Glyburide
Glucotrol (XL) Glipizide
Block binding of angiotensin II at the receptor
site, preventing vasoconstriction & aldosterone
secreting effect usually caused by angiotensin II
• Peripheral and coronary vasodilators.
Treat/prevent angina, ↓ BP ↓, preload/afterload,
↓ myocardial O2 demand.
• **NI=rotate transdermal patches/remove after 12-
hours =(“patch free” interval of 10-12 hours daily)
• Positive inotropes (improve contractility
and cardiac output)
Negative dromotropic slow AV
conduction rate.
Negative chronotropes ↓ HR & improve
cardiac output.
• Act as antiarrhythmic via tropic effect.
• **NI=Monitor K+ level, S/S toxicity
*Check Potassium Level
• Sulfonylureas
• Promotes insulin secretion by the
pancreas; ↑ tissue response to insulin
• *Monitor Dig & K+ level, S/S toxicity
↓ hepatic glucose production &
intestinal absorption of glucose
• improves insulin sensitivity
(tissue response to insulin)
Decrease insulin resistance
*Edema; HF secondary to renal retention of fluid
• *Initial drug therapy for newly DX T2DM.
• *Most common side effect: GI.
• *Rare side effect: Lactic acidosis
↑ levels of incretins-naturally occurring substances
control blood sugar by ↑ insulin release,
especially after a meal.
ARBS-(SARTAN)
CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES
ANTI-DIABETICS
GLITAZONES-(GLITAZONE)
BIGUANIDES
GLIPTINS (DPP-4 Enzyme Inhibitors)
NITRATES
Need to know
medications for NCLEX VI
Brand Name Generic Name
Rocephin Ceftriaxone
Maxipime Cefepime
Mefoxin Cefoxitin
Ancef Cefazolin
Brand Names Generic Names
Flagyl Metronidazole
Brand Names Generic Name
Colace Docusate Sodium
Surfak Docusate Calcium
Brand Names Generic Names
Celestone Betamethasone
Decadron Dexamethasone
Deltasone Prednisone
Solu-Cortef Hydrocortisone
Solu-Medrol Methylprednisolone
Brand Names Generic Name
Gentamicin Gentamicin Sulfate
Streptomycin Streptomycin Sulfate
Tobramycin Tobramycin Sulfate
Brand Names Generic Names
Proventil, Ventolin Albuterol Sulfate
Foradil Formoterol Fumarate
Xopenex Levalbuterol
Spiriva Tiotropium
Advair
Advair Diskus
Fluticasone/Salmeterol
*combo drug
(flut-potent
anti-inflam
effects/Salm-bronch
odilator)
Brovana Arformoterol Tartrate
surface tension of interfacing liquid
contents of the bowel-promoting additional
liquid into stools=softer mass.
inflammation, produce intentional
immunosuppression, and treat adrenocortical
insufficiency
• Aminoglycosides *Monitor WBC and Blood Glucose levels
Bronchodilators
Relax bronchial smooth muscle
• *No alcohol products, including mouthwash,
aftershave, deodorant, bath splashes.
• Disulfiram- type reaction may occur (flushing,
nausea, vomiting, palpitations).
ß-LACTAMs
ß-Lactam antibiotics include:
PCNs, cephalosporins, monobactams,
carbapenems
• *Assess for allergies to any ß-Lactam antibiotic
STOOL SOFTENERS
ANTI-INFECTIVES
RESPIRATORY MEDICATIONS
ANTIPROTOZOAL
CEPHALOSPORINS
CORTICOSTEROIDS
Need to know
medications for NCLEX VII
Brand Names Generic Names
Vancocin
Vancomycin
Hydrochloride
Brand Names Generic Names
Bactrim
Bactrim DS
Septra
SMZ-TMP
Trimethoprim-Sulfa
methoxazole
Brand Names Generic Name
Cipro Ciprofloxacin
Levaquin Levofloxacin
Brand Names Generic Names
Amoxil Amoxicillin
Omnipen Ampicillin
Unipen Nafcillin
Pipracil Piperacillin
Zosyn Piperacillin/Tazobactam
Brand Names Generic Name
Invanz ErtapenemSulfate
Merrem MeropenemSulfate
Primaxin ImipenemSulfate
*Tendon rupture.
*Adjust dosage for renal patients.
*Avoid or use with extreme caution if allergic to
sulfa: Erythromycin-Sulfisoxazole, Sulfasalazine,
Dapsone, Sulfonamides, Celebrex, Imitrex, Lasix,
Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ
• *Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Red-Man Syndrome
*Peak: 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration.
• *Trough: 30 minutes before the next dose.
Brand Names Generic Name
Tetracycline Tetracycline
Vibramycin Doxycycline
PENICILLINS
SULFONAMIDES
VANCOMYCIN TETRACYCLINES
FLUOROQUINOLONES (oxacin)
CARBAPENEMS
Drug Activity in the body
Influence On Metabolism
Age
Weight
Sex
Disease
Route
Additive drug interaction: The
combined effect of two drugs has
an equal effect if the drug was
given alone.
Synergistic interaction: When
drugs interact and create an
increased effect example:
Hypnotics and alcohol when taken
together will cause increased CNS
depression.
Antagonistic interaction: One
drug interferes with the action of
another for example : Naloxone
reverses the effects of opioids.
Food interaction: Some food and
decrease or increase the metabolism
of a drug.
Interactions
Sympathomimetic: physiological
effects characteristic of the
sympathetic nervous system by
promoting the stimulation of
sympathetic nerves.
Sympatholytic: antagonistic to or
inhibiting the transmission of nerve
impulses in the sympathetic nervous
system.
Parasympathomimetic: stimulates the
parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS).
These chemicals are also called
cholinergic drugs because acetylcholine.
(ACh) is the neurotransmitter used by
the PSNS.
Parasympatholytic: reduces the activity
of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Effects On The Nervous System
Route: IV/IM are the fastest to be
absorbed.
Solubility
Condition of body tissues
Influences On Absorption
Pharmaceutic phase
Pharmacokinetic phase
Pharmacodynamic phase.
Phases Of Activity
Deals with the drugs action and effect
on the body.
Primary effect: The desired
therapeutic effect.
Secondary effect: Any other
effect the drug has on the
body. For example, sildenafil
was made for treatment of
hypertension. It was also
found to help with Erectile
dysfunction which is its
secondary effect.
A drug exerts its action by two
main mechanisms.
Alteration in cellular function
Alteration in cellular environment
Pharmacodynamic Phase
This phase refers to how the drug is
transported and distributed. The drug
canbe distributed or transported via
absorption, distribution, metabolism,
and excretion.
Absorption: moves the drug
from the point of administration
to the body fluids via active
transport, passive transport,
pinocytosis.
Distribution: The systemic
circulation distributes drugs to
various body tissues. Distribution
depends on protein binding,
blood flow, and solubility. The
drug comes into contact with
albumin or remain free, only free
circulating particles can produce
a therapeutic effect.
Metabolism: Or biotransformation,
the body changes the drug to be
more or less active and excretable.
Most are metabolized by the liver
or kidneys, lungs, plasma, and
intestinal mucosa.
Excretion: Elimination of the
drug from the body after the
liver renders it in active it is then
excreted by the kidneys via
urine.
Pharmacokinetic Phase
During this phase the drug is
dissolved in the body. Liquid
medications and IV medications are
already dissolved therefore they
absorb much faster in the body. A
tablet or capsule must pass through
the GI tract to become dissolved.
Enteric coated medications are time
released capsules or tablets that must
meet the alkaline environment of the
small intestine before it dissolves.
Pharmaceutic Phase
First pass effect: The concentration
of a drug is greatly reduced before it
reaches the systemic circulation
Half life: Time is takes for the body
to eliminate 50% of the drug.
Onset of action: Time it takes for the
drug reach therapeutic effect after
administration.
Peak concentration: When the
absorption rate equals the elimination
rate.
Duration: How long the drug
produces a therapeutic effect.
Pharmacogenomics: People's
response to medication are variable.
Genetic makeup can alter how a drug
works.
Teratogen: Any substance that
causes abnormal development of a
fetus.
Idiosyncrasy: unusual or abnormal
reaction to a drug.
Drug tolerance: Decreased response
to a drug that requires an increase in
dosage.
Cumulative drug effect: Seen in
people with liver or kidney disease,
the body is unable to excrete one
dose of the drug before the next dose
is given causing an accumulation of
the drug in the system.
Key Terms
Adverse drug reactions:
Undesirable drug effects. They may
be mild, severe or life threatening.
May occur at the first dose or after
subsequent doses.
Allergic drug reactions:
Immediate hypersensitivity reaction.
Occurs because the individual's
immune system responds to the
drug as a foreign substance. Some
reactions occur immediately or they
can take time. They can be mild,
severe or life threatening.
Anaphylactic shock: Extremely
serious reaction that usually occurs
immediately after drug
administration. This requires
immediate medical intervention to
raise the BP and improve breathing.
Can be fatal if not treated immediately.
Angioedema: Allergic reaction
manifested by collection of fluid in
the subcutaneous tissue. Most
commonly affects the eyes, lips,
mouth and throat.
Toxic reaction: Toxic levels build
up in the body when the body
cannot excrete the drug.
Reactions
Pharm Quick Glance
Antacids - reduces hydrochloric acid in
the stomach.
Antianemics - increases blood cell
production.
Anticholinergics - decreases oral
secretions.
Anticoagulants - prevents clot formation,
Anticonvulsants - used for management
of seizures and/or bipolar disorders.
Antidiarrheals - decreases gastric motility
and reduce water in bowel.
Antihistamines - block the release of
histamine.
Antihypertensives - lower blood pressure
and increases blood flow.
Anti-infectives - used for the treatment of
infections
Bronchodilators - dilates large air passages
in asthma or lung diseases (e.,COPD).
Diuretics - decreases water/sodium from
the Loop of Henle.
Laxatives - promotes the passage of
stool.
Miotics - constricts the pupils.
Mydriatics - dilates the pupils.
Narcotics/analgesics - relieves moderate
to severe pain.
Category A—No risk in controlled human studies
Category B—No risk in other studies.
Examples: Amoxicillin, Cefotaxime.
Category C—Risk not ruled out.
Examples: Rifampicin (Rifampin), Theophylline
(Theolair).
Category D—Positive evidence of risk.
Examples: Phenytoin, Tetracycline.
Category X—Contraindicated in Pregnancy.
Examples: Isotretinoin (Accutane), Thalidomide
(Immunoprin), etc.
Pregnancy Category N—Not yet classified
Digoxin (Lanoxin) - Assess pulses for a full
minute, if less than 60 bpm hold dose. Check
digitalis and potassium levels.
Aluminum Hydroxide (Amphojel) - Treatment
of GERD and kidney stones. Monitor constipation.
Hydroxyzine (Vistaril) - Treatment of anxiety
and itching. WOF dry mouth.
Midazolam (Versed) - given for conscious
sedation. Watch out for respiratory depression
and hypotension.
Amiodarone (Cordarone) - diaphoresis,
dyspnea, lethargy. Take missed dose any time
in the day or to skip it entirely. Do not take
double dose.
Warfarin (Coumadin) - Watch for signs of
bleeding, diarrhea, fever, or rash. Stress
importance of complying with prescribed
dosage and follow-up appointments.
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) - Treatment of
ADHD. Assess for heart related side-effects
and reported immediately. Child may need a
drug holiday because the drug stunts growth.
Dopamine - Treatment of hypotension, shock,
and low cardiac output. Monitor ECG for
arrhythmias and blood pressure.
Rifampicin - causes red-orange tears and
urine.
Ethambutol - causes problems with vision,
liver problem.
Isoniazid - can cause peripheral neuritis, take
vitamin B6 to counter.
Drug Schedules
Schedule I - no currently accepted medical use
and for research use only (e., heroin, LSD,
MDMA).
Schedule II - drugs with high potential for abuse
and requires written prescription (e., Ritalin,
hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol),
and fentanyl).
Schedule III - requires new prescription after six
months or five refills (e., codeine, testosterone,
ketamine).
Schedule IV - requires new prescription after six
months (e., Darvon, Xanax, Soma, and Valium).
Schedule V - dispensed as any other prescription
or without prescription (e., cough preparations,
Lomotil, Motofen)
Medication Classifications Pregnancy Categories
Nursing Considerations
Drug Schedules
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Nclex drugs - Cheat sheet cards-Pharmacology
Course: Pharamacology (-)
50 Documents
Students shared 50 documents in this course
University: Gwinnett Technical College
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Common Drug Suffixes
Family Drug Example
-chol
-trop
scop-
-stigmine
-curium
-curonium
-ane
-caine
-pam
-lam
-tal
-zine
-apine
-idone
-capone
Muscarinic agonist
Muscarinic blocker
Achase inhibitor
Nondepolarizing
neuromuscular blocker
Inhailed anasthetic
Local anaesthetic
Benzodiazepine
Barbiturate
Typical antipsychotic
or antihistamine
Atypical antipsychotic
COMT inhibitor for
parkinson's disease
carbachol
Atropine
Scopolamine
Neostigmine
Atracurium
Mivacurium
Pancuronium
Halothane
Lidocaine
Diapam
Lorazopam
Phenobarbital
Chlorpromazine
Thoridazine
Clozapine
Risperidone
Tolcapone
Entacapone
Family Drug Example
-penam Cell wall inhibitor “Broad
spectrum”
Imipenem
Meropenem
-floxacin Fluoroquinolone Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
-conazole
‘’Azole’’ Antifungal Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
-quine Antimalarial Chloroquine
Primaquine
-ovir Antiviral “ DNA polymerase
inhibitors” treats herpes
Acyclovir
Ganciclovir
Valacyclovir
-ivir Neuraminidase inhibitor “
treats influenza” Zanamivir
-avir Antiviral protease
inhibitor “treats HIV/AIDS”
Indinavir
Ritonavir
Family Drug Example
-olol
-alol
-ilol
Beta blocker
Alpha-Beta blockers
Vascular Calcium
channel blocker
Alpha -1 blocker
Ace inhibitor
ARB
Antiarrhythmic
Anti hyperlipidemic Hmg
coa reductase inhibitor
Carbonic anhydrase
inhibitor
Loop diuretic
Low molecular weight
heparin
Direct thrombin inhibitor
metoprolol
Sotalol
cardviolol
Nifidipine
Terazosin
Doxazosin
Lisinopril
Losartan
Amiodarone
Rosuvastatin
Acetazolamide
Furosemide
Enoxaparin
Lepirudin
-dipine
-zosin
-pril
-sartan
-darone
-statin
-zolamide
-semide
-parin
-rudin
Family Drug Example
-tidine H2 blocker Cimetidine
-prazole PPI Pantoprazole
-setron Ondansetron5HT3 blocker ‘’Anti Emetic’’
Family Drug Example
vin- Microtubule inhibitor Vincristine
Vinblastine
-rubicin
-mab
-tinib
Cancer drug Doxorubicin
Monoclonal antibody drug
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Rituximab
Imatinib
CNS Neuromuscular
Cardiovascular
Oncology
GI
Infectious Disease
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