Information
AI Chat

Mental Health Final EXAM Quizlet

Mental health quizlet for final exam

Course

Mental Health Nursing II (NSG 221)

119 Documents

Students shared 119 documents in this course

University

Herzing University

Academic year: 2023/2024

Uploaded by:

Anonymous Student

This document has been uploaded by a student, just like you, who decided to remain anonymous.

Herzing University

Recommended for you

Comments

Please sign in or register to post comments.

Preview text

Mental Health FINAL EXAM :) Share

Leave the first rating

Terms in this set (1018)

This is a surgery that removes the circular disks of bone in the skull

Trephining

This is deliberately creating a low blood sugar coma. Gained attention in the 1930s as a tool for treating mental illnesses because it was believed that dramatically changing insulin levels altered wiring in the brain.

Insulin coma therapy

This hospital opened in 1861 in Tuscaloosa, AL. It is Alabama's oldest & largest inpatient psychiatric facility.

Bryce Hospital

What do we call individuals with MI issues & why? CLIENTS - the term client is empowering, and typically the word patient means dependency

If the client is an active participant in their care, what do we encourage?

Adherence

When treatment is involuntary, what is our goal? Compliance

Mental health is what? More than the absence of mental illness

This is the relationship between oneself and others, and how the person relates to him or herself

Interpersonal

This is the relationships within the mind of the self. It is communication within the self.

Intrapersonal

Mental health is also?

-Accurate appraisal of reality -Healthy self concept -Controlling one's behaviors -Think clearly/problem solve -Work & be productive -Deal w/ conflicting emotions

This is the foundation of thinking, communication skills, learning, emotional growth, resilience and self-esteem throughout the life span

Mental health

Just because you do NOT have a MI doesn't mean what? You are mentally healthy

Even if you have a MI you can STILL be what? Mentally healthy

Mental health is what? MORE than the absence of a mental illness

What are some characteristics of a mentally healthy person?

-Functions independently -Deals with stress in healthy ways -They are resilient (bounces back better) -Perceives reality clearly (experience the real world as it is)

This is known as the signs and symptoms of a mental disorder Psychopathology

Mental Health FINAL EXAM :)

This is behavior outside or away from the social norm of a specific group

-Always look at client's culture & complete physical assessment

Deviance

What is an example of deviance?

Twenty or thirty years ago, the tattoos and piercings of the young people would have been thought to be extremely deviant. Today, tattoos and piercings are no longer unique. Not only are they common, they are also considered fashion statements.

What exactly is a mental illness?

Dysfunction of brain & neurotransmitters; impairment in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral function. Psychological symptoms leading to distress, impairment in several areas of life and or daily functioning.

This is a psychological group of symptoms, such as a pattern or a syndrome, in which the individual experiences significant distress

Mental disorder or illness

What are words that we SUPPORT? Mental disorder/illness, mental distress, & suffering psychologically

This is the Bible for diagnosing and categorizing mental illness disorders

DSM (Diagnostic & Statistical Manual)

This is the study of distribution of mental disorders in human population.

It is used to determine what causes certain disorder's & individuals at risk

Psychiatric epidemiology

How much of the US population will have a mental health disorder?

1/

This is when a client has two or more co-occurring psychiatric problems

Comorbidity

Women tend to have higher rates of what?

Anxiety & depression

Men tend to have higher rates of what?

Substance abuse & antisocial personality disorder (AKA psychopath)

Most people with a mental illness do not what? Seek treatment

Comorbidity _________ the likelihood of seeking help Increases

Most people suffering with a MI go where FIRST? PCP

This is a support group that advocates for better health care for the mentally ill

National Alliance for mental illness (NAMI)

What are the top FIVE causes of disability worldwide?

Depression
Schizo
Bipolar
Alcohol abuse
OCD

Mental Health FINAL EXAM :)

For nurses to maximize their role, a balance must be developed between what?

Clinical detachment and clinical empathy

This is knowing what you are doing and why you are doing it. You are awake of your feelings, desires, thoughts, & motives.

Self awareness

How is psychiatric nursing different? Because your most therapeutic tool is using yourself therapeutically

When dealing with mentally ill clients, a nurse must posses what THREE things?

Personal integration
Detached concern
Self-awareness

Your ability to relate to and communicate with others depends on what?

How you know yourself

Feelings are like a what?

Iceberg, only the tips stick up into the consciousness and the deeper parts are submerged below the iceberg.

These are the feelings you are aware of (top of the iceberg) Conscious

These are the feelings you are not aware of (bottom of iceberg) Unconscious

What are some problems with submerged feelings?

-Submerged feelings appear in behaviors (ex/ anger can appear as a headache)

-Submerged feelings make it hard to make decisions (if you don't know how you feel about something, then how can you decide?)

-Submerged feelings inhibit empathy with others (your own self awareness helps you understand those deeper feelings)

What are the "shoulds" in life? Beliefs & values

These are beliefs that are supported by evidence

Rational beliefs

This is a belief without evidence. You believe it without even thinking about it. Ex/ black cat crosses the road and you have bad luck.

Blind beliefs

These are illogical beliefs/ideas held despite contradictory evidence. Ex/ "good mothers don't feed their kids McDonalds."

Irrational beliefs

These are beliefs where the person refuses to change their mind about something even with evidence to prove they are wrong

Dogmatic beliefs

Mental Health FINAL EXAM :)

This is believing people cause their own problems. This will separate you from the patient & impact how you connect with your patient.

Blame

This is believing people are responsible for the solutions to their problems

Control

T or F?: Your beliefs about blame and control can impact how therapeutic you are and how you approach your clinical work.

True

Empowerment leads to what? High self-esteem

Psychiatric nurses need to be what?

Self-aware (more confidence when self-aware)
Develop personal integration (AKA psychological maturity)
Be compassionate (kindness & understanding others pain)
Maintain empathy in high stress situations

What is an opinion? One's view about something or someone

What is an attitude? It is the positive or negative feelings towards the idea or person

What is empathy? The ability to understand and share the feelings of another person

A feeling held over a period of time becomes a what? Attitude

A attitude linked to a belief becomes a what? Opinion

This will influence one's beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors. May effect clients response to treatment, and their views of mental illness.

Culture

This is the cornerstone of psychiatric nursing Therapeutic relationships

What are some qualities that enhance therapeutic relationships?

Respect for the client- human beings have worth & dignity (validate, listen, DO NOT judge, privacy, minimize humiliating experiences, honesty, open atmosphere, inherit/realistic beliefs)
Availability- staying in touch w/ client by assisting suffering clients & healing milieu (environment of a psychiatric unit)
Spontaneity- aware & comfortable with self; simply being yourself
Hope- have the capacity for growth & change (stigma keeps the client from having hope)
Acceptance- means refraining from judgment & rejecting clients you dislike
Sensitivity- real interest & concern provide the basis for therapeutic nurse-client relationship
Assertiveness- ability to express feelings, thoughts & beliefs openly even if difficult
Accountability- need for personal accountability with professional integrity
Advocacy- the mentally ill are not overlooked
Spirituality- the clients source of hope & strength
Empathy- responding to the feelings of others (ex/ "I can't imagine what you're going through." "This must be very hard for you.")
Critical thinking- drives problem solving and decisions

This is the mother of psychiatric nursing

Peplau

This is the cornerstone of psychiatric nursing Therapeutic relationship

The relationship between the nurse and the client is what? Goal directed & formed as a result of nurse-client interactions

The one on one relationship between the nurse & client is what?

Mutually defined
Collaborative (helps the client see self defeating & growth promoting behaviors)

Mental Health FINAL EXAM :) 3. Goal oriented (the client is expected to see something)

This applies biological facts & principles to mental, emotional, and behavioral processes. It focuses on the interaction of the brain, mind, spirit, and behavior. How do the new medications correct biochemical imbalances?

Psychobiology

This theory’s goal is symptom management. The person is sick & have symptoms, the illness can be dx & labeled.

Medical-psychobiologic theory

This theory was created by SIGMUND FREUD. He believed behavior was the result of unconscious conflict and childhood experiences.

Treatment: Psychoanalysis (first talk therapy)

Psychoanalytic theory

This theory focuses on the present. Nurses understand their client based on their behaviors. The PROBLEM is a LEARNING DEFICIT. The client learned something wrong in life. If behaviors do not work then change them. GOAL is to extinguish those behaviors which cause problems by using behavior modification.

Cognitive-Behavioral theory

This theory was invented by Harry Stalk Sullivan. Past & present relationships and how they interact influence psychiatric wellbeing. The self is built from the child’s experiences. The PROBLEM is interpersonal dysfunction, and the GOAL is to improve awareness of relationships.

Social-interpersonal theory

He invented the hierarchy of needs. He said that we move up and down on the hierarchy depending on what is happening in our life.

Abraham Maslow

He believed that the client is the healer and not the therapist. The nurse should have unconditional positive regard, empathy, and be authentic towards the client.

Carl Rogers

The general systems theory was created by ___________. It says that the systems well-being depends on the stress placed on it. He said that pathology can exist at several levels: cell or organ, group or community level. He coined the term disequilibrium, which is impairment of self regulation.

Karl Menninger

This lobe of the brain is responsible for speech, attention, reasoning, insight, and judgement

Frontal lobe

This lobe of the brain houses the sensory cortex. Abnormalities have been linked to psychosis.

Parietal lobe

This lobe of the brain is responsible for visual perception and recognition. Problems here can lead to visual hallucinations.

Occipital lobe

This lobe of the brain is referred to as the “emotional center” and it is involved with memory & thought. This lobe connects the limbic system.

Temporal lobe

This is involved in creation of our emotional states, and drives behaviors associated with feelings and motivations. Damages here can cause emotions to be expressed inappropriately.

Limbic system

Mental Health FINAL EXAM :) What are the two parts of the limbic system? Hippocampus and amygdala

This is apart of the limbic system, and it helps process, store and retrieve information in our memory.

Hippocampus

This is apart of the limbic system, and it gauges certain emotional reactions and plays a role in social behavior. Important for seeking love.

Amygdala

This is located in the brain stem, and it modulates our awareness and states of consciousness, it filters incoming stimuli.

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

What is the percentage of heritability of personality disorders? 30-80%

These are neuro-messengers which are rapidly released on stimulation.

Neurotransmitters

This is the space between neurons where the message passes

The synapse

This is a neurotransmitter that influences how we as humans react in the world. When increased it gives us a “high” feeling.

*Too much= psychosis/mania *Decreased= depression

Dopamine

If a client has too much dopamine, what happens? Psychosis/mania

If a client has low dopamine, what happens? Depression

This is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood & anxiety. If it is low, it results in depression, dementia, and anxiety.

Norepinephrine

This is a neurotransmitter that increases sleep, decreases aggression, controls mood and eating. If it is low, it results in depression, aggression, anxiety, dementia, and eating disorders.

Serotonin (5-HT)

This is a inhibitory neurotransmitter. If it is low, the patient will be anxious.

GABA

What binds with GABA to decrease anxiety? GABA

This is a neurotransmitter that plays a major role in memory & cognition. If it is low, it will cause memory problems.

Acetylcholine (Ach)

The rise and fall of what impacts mental irregularities? Hormones

A disruption in this leads to mental illness. Illnesses impacted include schizophrenia, SAD, and bipolar disorder.

Circadian rhythm

This is a neural network in the central nervous system that helps regulate and modulate emotion. Medications can affect this system, leading to disturbances in motion and balance. Most antipsychotic medications affect it because the the medications block dopamine. Psychiatric drugs can mimic, block, or reduce the reuptake of neurotransmitters.!

Extrapyramidal System (EPS)

Mental Health FINAL EXAM :)

What are your first generation typical antipsychotics?

-Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) -Fluphenazine (Prolixin) -Haloperidol (Haldol) -Loxapine (Loxitane) -Perphenazine (Trilafon) -Thioridazine (Mellarill) -Thiothixene (Navane) -Trifluoperazine (Stelazine)

*Majority of the medications end in “zine”

What are your second generation atypical antipsychotics?

-Aripireazole (Abilify) -Asenapine (Saphris) -Clozapine (Clozaril) -Iloperidone (Fanapt) -Lurasidone (Latuda) -Olanzapine (Zyprexa) -Paliperidone (Invega) -Quetiapine (Seroquel) -Risperidone (Risperdal) -Ziprasidone (Geodon)

*Majority of the medications end in “pine” or “done”

How do antipsychotic medications work? Blocking dopamine and Acetylcholine

Treat positive symptoms but NO negative. Have a lot of EPSE. First generation/typical antipsychotics

Treat positive and negative symptoms and less side effects Second generation/atypical antipsychotics

Following an acute episode the patient should stay in the dose, which is suppressing symptoms for how many months?

3

Which two antipsychotics typically cause diabetes? Clozaril & Zyprexa

What are your three psychosis disorders?

Schizophrenia
Schizoaffective
Bipolar disorder

What is the #1 side effect of clozapine (Clozaril)? Agranulocytosis

What other side effects does the antipsychotic medication Clozapine (Clozaril) have?

Drooling, weight gain, hypotension, can cause diabetes

This antipsychotic should be taken with food. It can be used to treat bipolar, depressed, and schizophrenia clients. Should NOT be used with dementia pts due to HF. It can cause nausea & vomiting and akathisia (can't sit still).

Latuda (lurasidone)

This antipsychotic is the first 3RD generation antipsychotic. It is used with schizophrenia, bipolar, and it is a BOOSTER drug. It impacts domaine & serotonin.

Ability (aripiprazole)

This antipsychotic can cause drowsiness and prolonged QT interval

Saphris (asenapine)

This antipsychotic is the best option for dementia patients with psychosis

Seroquel (quetiapine)

Mental Health FINAL EXAM :)

These are antidepressants that are called "dirty drugs". They have LOTS of side effects. They decrease seizure threshold, cardiac toxic, over dose is life threatening. Block NE & serotonin. Can be used for neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, anxiety & insomnia.

TCAs/tricyclic antidepressants

What are some examples of TCAs?

Elavil Norpramine Tofranil Vivactyl Pamelor

These are antidepressant’s that block an enzyme known as Monoamine oxidase, which breaks down excess tyramine in the body. Blocking their enzyme helps relieve depression. It increase NE, dopamine, and serotonin. Tyramine is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure. If you take this medication and you eat high-tyramine foods, tyramine can quickly reach dangerous levels.

MAOIs - monamine oxidase inhibitors

What are some examples of MAOIs?

Nardil (phenlezine) Parnate (tranylcypromine) Marplan (isocarboxazid) Anapryl (selegiline) Emsam (selegiline transdermal patch)

If you have a patient on a MAOI, what should you monitor? Blood pressure

Clients with a MAOI should not use what? Decongestants

What are some examples of tyramine foods?

-aged cheeses -Processed meats -Dried, processed or fermented fish -beer or wine -Avocados -Pickled foods -Sauerkraut/Yeast -Figs, raisins, banannas -Chocolate -Livers -Soy sauce

Patients on ANY psychiatric medications should never what? Take erbs

This is an antidepressant that acts as an norepinephrine- dopamine inhibitor (NDRI). It is a ATYPICAL antidepressant, different from all the rest. It is a booster drug.

Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

What is the most important side effect for Bupropion (Wellbutrin)?

Increase risk for seizures

What are examples of SSRIs? Paxil, Prozac, Celexa, Lexapro, Viibryd

Prozac & MAOIs do not go together. There needs to be a _______ when starting one and stopping one.

5 week gap

What are examples of SNRIs? (Inhibits serotonin & NE) Effexor (monitor BP), Cymbalta, & Pristiq (Pristiq also inhibits dopamine)

What is serotonin syndrome?

Too much serotonin in the CNS and can lead to death. Symptoms include: restlessness, muscle rigidity, diarrhea, headache; and increased HR & BP

Mental Health FINAL EXAM :)

In the brain of a person with Alzheimer's disease, there are what? Lower levels of a chemical called acetylcholine

This is your body's reaction to a challenge or demand. It is your OWN personal interpretation of what is happening to you.

Stress

This is when we have two opposing desires, feelings, or goals. Conflict

What conflicts usually cause stress?

-Conflicts with social relationsips w/ significant people -Conflicts w/ethical standards -Conflicts involved with everyday family living

This is a type of conflict where you are faced with a single goal that has both attractive and unattractive qualities. You are unsure of what to choose.

Approach-avoidance

This is a type of conflict where a person is faced with the choice of two equally undesirable goals at the same time

Avoidance-avoidance

This is a type of conflict where, for example, a person may have received invites to two parties at the exact same time. The person wants to go to both equally, but has to make a choice between them, which leads to conflict.

Approach-approach

Who invented the Stress Adaptation Syndrome? Han Seyle

What are the three phases of the stress adaptation syndrome?

Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion

During the ______ stage of Selye’s Stress Adaptation Syndrome, the sympathetic nervous system is activated. Sugar releases into the bloodstream for energy. Muscles contract, pupils dilate, HR & BP increases.

Alarm

During the _______ stage of Selye's Stress Adaptation Syndrome, hormones are released into the blood stream. Breathing becomes frequent & shallow while BP remains elevated. Muscles are still contracted & the body attempts to restore balance.

Resistance

During the _______ stage of Selye's Stress Adaptation Syndrome, there is an exhaustion of lipid reserves, failure of electrolyte balance, and inability to produce glucocorticoids.

Exhaustion

Who said, “The interpretation of stressful events is more important than the events themselves.”?

He referred to stress as a transaction

Richard Lazarus

According to Lazarus’s transaction theory, the _____________ is when we decide if a situation is threatening or positive, relevant or irrelevant to our situation.

Primary appraisal

According to Lazarus’s transaction theory, the _____________ is when we assess what resources are available to us to help combat or cope with the stressor.

Secondary appraisal

This is a hormone that lingers in the blood stream and is immunosuppressive and reduces lymphocytes and neutrophils

Cortisol

Anxiety is caused by a dysregulation of which neurotransmitters? Serotonin, norepinephrine, GABA, and cholecystokinin (which is a hormone)

Mental Health FINAL EXAM :)

What are some physiological symptoms of anxiety?

-Increased HR & BP -Problems breathing -Sweaty palms -Trembling -Dry mouth -Butterflies -Lump in throat -SNS increased

What are some cognitive symptoms of anxiety?

-Problems w/ logical thought -Narrowed perceptual field -Problems focusing

What are some emotional/behavioral symptoms of anxiety? -Irritable, withdrawn, angry, restless, crying ( jittery, nervous, worried, on edge)

________ anxiety is when the person has a broad perceptual field, can take in more, organized, and they feel safe and learning is easy.

Mild

_______ anxiety includes being alert but perceptual field narrows, still some control, can take in some information and excludes other information.

Moderate

_______ anxiety is where the person cannot focus, new stimuli is overwhelming, and the SNS is activated

Severe

______ anxiety is where the person's perceptual field is complete disturbed, and there is INTENSE TERROR!

Panic

How should a nurse assess a client's anxiety? Ask the client to rate their anxiety on a scale from 1-

What two categories is coping with stress divided into? Task oriented & defense oriented

This is a type of coping where a person is focusing on solving the problem or attempting to change the situation. They take the task head on, attempting to solve or limit the stressful situation. The person is comfortable enough to deal with the stress.

Task oriented

This is a type of coping that increases in emotional distress. The person is focused on the emotional state, and they cannot use coping mechanisms or figure out how to solve the problem.

Emotional focused

This is a type of coping that may help people put distance between themselves and threats or unwanted feelings, such as guilt or shame. It is used when a person feels inadequate to cope with what’s in front of them, they are protecting their ego.

Defense oriented

This is a type of defense mechanism where a person returns to earlier stage of development. They act like a baby.

Regression

This is a type of defense mechanism where a person protects the ego of what the truth really is.

Denial