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Health and wellness - Pottery and Perry Test Bank
Fundamentals of Nursing (NRS 130 )
Long Island University
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Potter & Perry: Fundamentals of Nursing, 7th Edition
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Chapter 6: Health and Wellness
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- When formulating a definition of “health,” the nurse should consider that health, within its current definition, is:
- The absence of disease
- A function of the physiological state
- The ability to pursue activities of daily living
- A state of well-being involving the whole person
ANS: 4 When formulating a definition of “health,” a person should consider the total person, as well as the environment in which the person lives. Health generally implies a state of well-being that is ultimately defined in terms of the individual. Health is considered to be more than merely the absence of disease. The definition of health has broadened beyond the physiological state to include mental, social, and spiritual well-being. An individual who has the ability to pursue activities of daily living may not define himself or herself as being healthy. Life conditions such as environment, diet, and lifestyle practices may negatively impact one’s health long before the person is unable to perform activities of daily living.
DIF: A REF: 69 OBJ: Comprehension TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- Which one of the following is the main, overarching goal for Healthy People 2010?
- Reduction of health care costs
- Elimination of health disparities
- Investigation of substance abuse
- Determination of acceptable morbidity rates
ANS: 2 Two overarching goals for Healthy People 2010 are (1) to increase quality and years of healthy life and (2) to eliminate health disparities. Reducing health care costs was not a goal for Healthy People 2010. Investigation of substance abuse was not one of the main, overarching goals for Healthy People 2010. Determining acceptable morbidity rates was not one of the main, overarching goals for Healthy People 2010.
DIF: A REF: 69 OBJ: Comprehension TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- A nurse is using a holistic approach when caring for a client. To incorporate all of the factors that may influence the client, which of the following nursing responses is most therapeutic?
- “I would like you to perform this exercise once a day.”
- “Your physician has left orders that you are to follow.”
- “The laboratory tests reveal the need to reduce your daily percentage of fat intake.”
- “Adapting to a low-fat diet and increasing your activity will help lower your blood glucose levels.” ANS: 4 Using a holistic approach involves consideration of all factors that may impact a client’s level of well-being in all dimensions, not just physical health. Factors such as diet and exercise can influence one’s level of health. Directing the client to exercise does not address the many factors that may impact one’s level of health. This response does not facilitate the client in seeing the connection between lifestyle choices and well-being. Directing the client to follow physician’s orders, though important, does not describe a holistic approach of nursing care. A holistic approach may include a discussion of diet and exercise and the effect these factors have on blood glucose level. The aim is for the client to take responsibility for their health and choices that may impact their health. Viewing laboratory test results is a part of the nursing assessment. To approach the client holistically, the nurse would need to also assess the client’s diet and activity level.
DIF: C REF: 72 OBJ: Analysis TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- The client states, “Heart disease runs in our family. My blood pressure has always been high.” The nurse determines that this is an example of the client’s:
- Risk factors
- Active strategy
- Health beliefs
- Negative health behavior
ANS: 1 Risk factors are anything that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident. This client is identifying the physical risk factor of genetic predisposition to heart disease. An example of an active strategy would be weight reduction or smoking cessation, where the client is actively involved in measures to improve their present and future levels of wellness. Health beliefs are a person’s ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness. An example of a health belief would be if the client stated, “Heart disease runs in our family. I know I will have heart disease anyway, so why exercise?” A negative health behavior is a behavior that may negatively impact one’s health. An example of a negative health behavior would be consistently drinking alcohol in excess.
DIF: A REF: 74 OBJ: Comprehension TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- A paraplegic client is admitted for an electrolyte imbalance. Based on the levels of prevention, the client is receiving care at the level of:
- Health promotion
- Primary prevention
- Tertiary prevention
- Secondary prevention
ANS: 4 The secondary prevention level focuses on early diagnosis and prompt treatment as well as disability limitations. Adequate treatment for the electrolyte imbalance is sought to prevent further complications. Health promotion is a focus of the primary prevention level. The primary prevention level focuses on health promotion and specific protection measures such as immunizations and personal hygiene. The tertiary prevention level focuses on restoration and rehabilitation.
DIF: A REF: 75 OBJ: Comprehension TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- Which of the following nursing activities is an example of tertiary level caregiving?
- Teaching a client how to irrigate a new colostomy
- Providing a class on hygiene for an elementary school class
- Informing a client that her infant can be immunized at the health department
- Arranging for a hospice nurse to visit with the family of a client with lung cancer
ANS: 4 Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. Care of the hospice nurse at this level aims to help the client and the client’s family achieve as high a level of functioning as possible despite the limitations caused by the cancer. Teaching a client how to irrigate a new colostomy would be an example of secondary prevention. If the colostomy is to be permanent, care may later move to the tertiary level of prevention. Providing a class on hygiene for an elementary school class would be an example of the primary level of prevention. Informing a client about available immunizations would be an example of primary prevention.
DIF: A REF: 75-76 OBJ: Comprehension TOP: Nursing Process: Planning/Implementation MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- Which one of the following client assessment findings indicates a lifestyle risk factor to the nurse?
- Obesity
- Sunbathing
- Overcrowded housing
- Industrial-based occupation
ANS: 2 Excessive sunbathing is a lifestyle risk factor for skin cancer. Obesity is a physiological risk factor. Overcrowded housing is an environmental risk factor. An industrial-based occupation is an environmental risk factor.
DIF: A REF: 77-78 OBJ: Comprehension TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- In the Health Belief Model, the nurse recognizes that the focus is placed on the:
- Basic human needs for survival
- Functioning of the individual in all dimensions
- Relationship of perceptions and compliance with therapy
- Multidimensional nature of clients and their interaction with the environment
ANS: 3 In the Health Belief Model, the nurse focuses on the relationship between a person’s beliefs and health behaviors. By focusing on the client’s perceptions of health, the nurse is better able to understand and predict how a client will comply with health care therapies. Basic human needs for survival is a component of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model. The nurse who focuses on the functioning of the individual in all dimensions is following a holistic health model. In the health promotion model, the nurse focuses on the multidimensional nature of clients and their interaction with the environment.
DIF: A REF: 70 OBJ: Comprehension TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- The client who recently received a kidney transplant is worried about her husband since he has taken over the physical tasks of running their home. The client is in the process of adapting to a change in:
- Body image
- Self-concept
- Illness behavior
- Family dynamics
ANS: 4
While the other options may be true, they do not define illness behavior.
DIF: A REF: 79 OBJ: Comprehension TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- A client tells the nurse that his illness is a result of his failure to “live a good life.” The nurse recognizes this statement as an example of the client’s:
- Risk factor
- Health belief
- Illness behavior
- Negative health behavior
ANS: 2 Health beliefs are a person’s ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness. A risk factor is any situation, habit, social or environmental condition, physiological or psychological condition, developmental or intellectual condition, or spiritual or other variable that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident. Illness behavior is the unique manner in which a client reacts to illness. Negative health behaviors include practices actually or potentially harmful to health, such as smoking, drug or alcohol abuse, poor diet, and refusal to take necessary medications.
DIF: A REF: 70 OBJ: Comprehension TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- Which of the following client statements best relates to the third component of the Health Belief Model?
- “My blood cholesterol is only a little high.”
- “No one in my family is susceptible to the flu.”
- “I’ll just avoid the food that causes the problem.”
- ”By losing weight my blood pressure may come down.”
ANS: 4 The third component—the likelihood that a person will take preventive action—results from the person’s perception of the benefits of and barriers to taking action. Preventive action may include lifestyle changes, increased adherence to medical therapies, or a search for medical advice or treatment. The second component is the individual’s perception of the seriousness of the illness. The first component of this model involves the individual’s perception of susceptibility to an illness. Increased incidence of chronic disease processes.
DIF: C REF: 70 OBJ: Analysis TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- The goal of Pender’s Health Promotion theory is best reflected in which of the following nursing interventions?
- Suggesting the client experience a variety of exercise routines before settling on the one to adapt
- Arranging for a client to attend a support group for individuals who also have severe burn scars
- Playing soft, classical music when a client diagnosed with Alzheimer’s becomes physically agitated
- Providing a client with a history of stress-induced respiratory problems with detailed explanations regarding her care
ANS: 1 Health-promoting behaviors should result in improved health, enhanced functional ability, and better quality of life. According to the Basic Human Needs model, certain human needs are more basic than others; that is, some needs must be met before other needs (i., fulfilling the physiological needs before the needs of love and belonging). Self-actualization is the highest expression of one’s individual potential and allows for continual discovery of self. Maslow’s model takes into account individual experiences, always unique to the individual. Nurses using the holistic nursing model recognize the natural healing abilities of the body and incorporate complementary and alternative interventions, such as music therapy, reminiscence, relaxation therapy, therapeutic touch, and guided imagery, because they are effective, economical, noninvasive, nonpharmacological complements to traditional medical care. The holistic nursing model considers the emotional and spiritual well-being, as well as other dimensions of an individual, as important aspects of physical wellness.
DIF: C REF: 71 OBJ: Analysis TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- The nurse knows that the greatest internal factor to consider when educating an adult client concerning health promotion activities is the client’s:
- Emotional wellness
- Developmental stage
- Professed spirituality
- Intellectual background
ANS: 4 A person’s beliefs about health are shaped in part by the person’s knowledge, lack of knowledge, or incorrect information about body functions and illnesses; educational background; and past experiences. These variables influence how a client thinks about health. In addition, cognitive abilities shape the way a person thinks, including the ability to understand factors involved in illness and to apply knowledge of health and illness to personal health practices. The client’s ability to understand and accept the importance of the teaching is the primary nursing consideration.
ANS: 4
Primary prevention is true prevention; it precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to clients considered physically and emotionally healthy. Primary prevention aimed at health promotion includes health education programs, immunizations, and physical and nutritional fitness activities. This option is the best example because it facilitates the availability of a service to clients to whom it might otherwise be unavailable. This is a good example of primary care, but it is not the best one available because it facilitates a service that is already available. While this is an example of primary care, it is not the best because it does not ensure the facilitation of the needed service. While this is an example of primary care, it is not the best because it does not ensure the facilitation of the needed service.
DIF: C REF: 75 OBJ: Analysis TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- The nurse can best discuss the impact of a known risk factor on a client’s health by stating:
- “It doesn’t mean you’ll get the disease just that the odds are greater for you.”
- “Now you know that the possibility is there, you can take steps to prevent it.”
- “The risk factor can be managed by making a change in your lifestyle.”
- “You’re lucky because you have the benefit of being able to do something about it.”
ANS: 1 The presence of risk factors does not mean that a disease will develop, but risk factors increase the chances that the individual will experience a particular disease or dysfunction. While this response is not incorrect, it does not address the impact of a risk factor on the client’s health. This is not always true, and so it is not the best option. This option minimizes the client’s concern and does not address the impact of a risk factor on the client’s health.
DIF: C REF: 77 OBJ: Analysis TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- When caring for a client with a spouse and two adolescent children, the nurse knows that the family unit must first:
- Be viewed as a client
- Change traditional roles
- Provide support for the ailing mother
- Seek help to fulfill day-to-day needs
ANS: 1
The nurse must view the whole family as a client under stress, planning care to help the family regain the maximal level of functioning and well-being. While the illness of a family member requires role reassignment in order for the family to continue to function, the initial focus is to be viewed as a unit in need of care. While the family should provide support to the ailing member, the initial focus is to be viewed as a unit in need of care. This may become necessary in order to ensure the continued functioning of the family, but the initial focus is to be viewed as a unit in need of care.
DIF: C REF: 81 OBJ: Analysis TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- The nurse observes signs of depression in a client who has been hospitalized for several weeks because of injuries sustained in an automobile accident. The client confirms his fears of never, “Being able to work and support my family as I did before.” The nurse’s initial intervention is to:
- Offer to arrange for him to speak with the facility’s chaplain
- Assure the client that physical therapy will help him tremendously
- Revise his care plan to include interventions to assist him with coping
- Tell his health care provider of his need for antidepressant medication
ANS: 3 In the course of providing care, a nurse is able to observe changes in the client’s self- concept (or in the self-concepts of family members) and develop a care plan to help them adjust to the changes resulting from the illness. This option is appropriate only when the client shows an interest in such a referral. The initial most therapeutic intervention is to revise his care plan to address the issue of depression and grieving over his current situation. Although this may be appropriate in some cases, the nurse should not offer false or unrealistic hope to the client. The initial most therapeutic intervention is to revise his care plan to address the issue of depression and grieving over his current situation. Although the health care provider should be informed of the client’s signs, the initial intervention is to revise his care plan to address the issue of depression and grieving over his current situation.
DIF: C REF: 81 OBJ: Analysis TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
While discussing discharge plans for a client who recently experienced a stroke that resulted in right-sided weakness and communication problems, the daughter shares with the nurse that she has concerns regarding her role as caregiver. The most therapeutic response by the nurse is to:
Agree that her concerns are well-founded
Suggest that she consider home health aides
Offer to arrange for her to see the facility’s grief counselor
Having a company-required hearing exam
ANS: 1, 2, 5 With active strategies of health promotion, individuals are motivated to adopt specific health programs. The individual plays an active role in performing tasks or adapting behaviors that impact their health in a positive manner. With passive strategies of health promotion, individuals gain from the activities of others without acting themselves. The fluoridation of municipal drinking water and the fortification of homogenized milk with vitamin D are examples of passive health promotion strategies as are driving a car with a manufacturer’s installed airbag and accepting a hearing test that is a job requirement.
DIF: C REF: 78 OBJ: Analysis TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX® test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Health and wellness - Pottery and Perry Test Bank
Course: Fundamentals of Nursing (NRS 130 )
University: Long Island University
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