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CH 6 Health and Wellness
Fundamentals of Nursing (NURs55)
Mount St. Mary's University
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CH 6 Health and Wellness Healthy People: - Evidence-based and emphasizes how the health of communities affects the overall health status of the nation. - Identifies leading health indicators which are high-priority in the US. Definition of Health: - Health: “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity - People define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle. - Health is the actualization of inherent and acquired human potential through goal-directed, behavior, competent self-care, relationships. - Health is influenced by the values, personality and lifestyle. - Individuals health perception and definition of health are affected by a person;s health belief and change as a person ages. - Consider the total person and his or her environment to individualized nursing care and enhance a patient's health. Models of Health and Illness: - Understand the relation between these concepts and a patient’s attitudes toward health and health behavior. - Health beliefs are a person’s ideas, convictions and attitudes and health and illness. - Health beliefs influence health behavior: positive: maintain, attain, regain health and prevent illness. (strength, resilience, potential) - Negative health behaviors include that are harmful to health like smoking. Health Belief Model: Health Belief Model: address the relationship between the person’s belief and behaviors 1) Individual’s perception of susceptibility to an illness. 2) Individuals perception of the seriousness of the illness 3) The likelihood that the person will take preventive action Health Promotion Model (HPM): - Defines health as a positive, dynamic state and not the absence of disease. - Describe the nature of people as they interact with the environment in pursuit of health. 1) Individual characteristics and experience 2) Behavior-specific knowledge and affect 3) Behavioral outcomes, in which the patient commits to or changes a behavior. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: - Understand basic human needs: Necessary for human survival and health. - The model will focus the care pna patient's needs rather than strict adherence to in hierarchical order. - (bottom to top): Physiological, Safety and Security, Love & Belonging Needs, Self-Esteem, Self-Actualization. Holistic Health Model: - Promoted the optimal level of health by considering dynamic interactions with emotional, social, spiritual, cultural, and physical aspects of individual wellness. - Empowers patients to engage in their wpn recovery and assume responsibility for health maintenance. Variables Influence Health And Health Beliefs And Practices: Internal Variables: person’s developmental stage, intellectual background, perception of function. Emotional and spiritual 1) Developmental Stage: consider the stage of life of a person will help under the response to an actual illness or the threat of a future illness. - A person's developmental stage will differ from their chronological age - Adapt nursing care based on patient’s developmental stage 2) Intellectual Background: person’s belief on health is shaped by knowledge or misinformation about body functions and illnesses, ed. Background, past experience. - Cognitive shape the way people think and understand factors of illnesses 3) Perception of Functioning: gathering data on physical function such as fatigue, shortness of breath or pain. - Gather Objective data. 4) Emotional Factor: emotion will influence health behavior or practice.
- Calm = little emotion to illness & emotional can lack understanding of therapeutics
- Spiritual factor: how to live life, values and beliefs that are exercised, finding hope and meaning to life. **External Variables:
- Family Role and Practice:**
- The role and organization of family will determine how they health and illness and values on health.
- The seriousness of disease and prevention will influence the action of seriousness. **2) Social Determinants of Health:
- Where a person live, environment, income, education, relationship with other have impact on patient’s health
- Social determinant of Health (SDOH):** factors that influence health inequality.
- Where they are born, grew up, live, work, and age. Health Promotion, Wellness, and Illness Prevention: Health Promotion: help individuals maintain or enhance their present ehealth.
- Motivate to engage in healthy activity: exercise and nutrition
- Changing their lifestyle develops more health-oriented habits.
- Passive stegies: individuals can gain from the activities of others w/o acting themselves
- Active stegites: personally involved. Health EDucation: topics such as physical awareness, stress management.
- Helps to develop a greater understand of their health and how to better manage their health risk Illness Prevention: activites, immunization, protect people from actual or potential threats to health
- Help to avoid decline in their health or ability. Three Levels of Prevention: Primary Prevention: True Prevention.
- Reduce Incidence of disease.
- Lowers the chances of the disease will develop
- EX) health education, nutritional programs, physical fitness activities. Secondary Prevention: prevents the spread of disease illness or infection that will occur.
- Activities are directed as diagnosis and prompt intervention = reducing severity and enabling patients to turn to normal living. Tertiary Prevention: when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible.
- Minimizing the effect of long-term disease or disability Risk Factor: Risk Factors: attributes,qualities, environment situation or trait that increase the vulnatitty of an individual to an illness or accident.
- Increase the chances that the individual, community, or population will experience the disease or dysfunction. 1) Nonmodifiable Risk Factors:
- Age,gender, genetics, family history is unchangeable.
- Recommendations for screening, immunization and counseling.
- Sometimes lifestyle, genetics, environmental exposure can cause 2) Modifiable Risk Factors:
- Poor nutrition, overeating, insufficient rest and sleep.
- Modification risk factors are: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco, abuse, alcohol 3) Environment:
- Where we live and the condition of the area will determine how we live, eat, and disease agent we are exposed to the ability to adapt. Risk-Factor Identification and Changing Health Behavior:
- Identify the patient's risk factors = implement sprayer & relevant health education and counseling to help a person change or implement behaviors to maintain or improve health status.
- Changes are maintained over time only if they are integrated into an individual's overall lifestyle. Illness:
CH 6 Health and Wellness
Course: Fundamentals of Nursing (NURs55)
University: Mount St. Mary's University
