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1301 Exam 2 Review Sheet
United States History I (HIST 1301)
Palo Alto College
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REVIEW SHEET 1 OF 3 FOR 1301 TEST
Chapter 4- From Colonies to States
Define each term and answer each question with the information found in the TEXTBOOK and LECTURE. Use this Review Sheet to study for the Exam.
Royal Proclamation Line – An imaginary line drawn along the crest of the Appalachian Mountains from Canada to Georgia. Prohibited Americans to go west of the lines to ensure Indians were not disturbed on their ancestral lands
Salutary Neglect – Informal British policy that allowed the American colonies freedom to pursue their economic and political interests in exchange for colonial obedience
Boston Massacre – Violent confrontation between British soldiers and a Boston mob that resulted in the death of five colonists.
Battle of Bunker Hill – The Americans were able to hold their own against the British until they ran out of gun powder and were forced to retreat. The British ended up winning the war, but the casualties caused by the Americans gave them satisfaction
Battle of Lexington - News of Gage’s attack went viral and reached Patriots William Dawes and Paul Revere, who rode to warn the colonists of the raid. On the road to Concord, the British met with John Parker and 76 “Minutemen.” The British ordered them to get out of the way but in refusal they were forced to draw fire and kill 8 colonists.
Two Treatises on Government – Written by John Locke. Rejected the “divine” right of monarchs to govern with absolute power. Insisted that people are endowed with natural rights to life, liberty, and property, under the protection of Government
Mercantile System – An economic practice by which governments used their economies to increase state power at the expense of other countries. Encouraged more exports than imports
Know the reason why the colonists disapproved of the Sugar Act of 1767? What were their concerns? Colonists believed that the Sugar Act taxed them without their consent. No taxation without representation
List the Coercive Acts - Boston Port Act (closure of Boston Harbor till pay was due), Administration of Justice Act (fair trial for British officials charged with capital offenses), Quartering Act (housing of soldiers), Massachusetts Government Act (restructure of government)
The grievances of the population on the frontier toward the colonial governments?
The Grenville Laws – George Grenville sought to decrease Britain's debt by imposing the Sugar Act (cut tax on molasses to reduce smuggling), Currency Act (outlawed paper money), Stamp Act (taxed all forms of paper and documents), and the Quartering Act (housing of soldiers)
The Tea Act of 1773 and why it infuriated the colonists – Act that allowed the East India Company to send its tea directly to America without paying taxes, reducing the price of tea. Infuriated colonists not only because they believed it imposed “taxation without representation” but also because it favored a company over merchants
The significance of Common Sense – Fifty-page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that urged Americans to seize their independence. “Nothing was more absurd, than the notion that God had given kings the right to rule with absolute power or that island nation should exercise dominance over an entire continent”
The methods European countries used to dominate mercantilism: Taking gold and silver from other nations, dominating trade, use colonies for raw material, use colonies to absorb excess population, protect shipping, subsidize, controlling economic activities
Why Britain created the Navigation Acts – Created to increase British control over the colonial economies. Required that import and export of goods be done in English-owned ships
The effects of the French and Indian War (also called the Seven Years War): Britain took Florida, Spain received Louisiana
of inspiration, they were able to defeat Hessian mercenaries at Trenton and further boost their morale
Be able to describe the fighting on the Frontier.
Battle Yorktown in 1781 – General Cornwallis, along with 7,000 British troops, surrendered to George Washington
The type of war Washington thought could beat the British – American Revolutionary War
Be able to describe the situation of the army at Valley Forge – American military encampment near Philadelphia, where more than 3,500 soldiers deserted or died from cold and hunger during winter
Know why the British Southern Strategy fail: Poor planning and communication. Last minute changes gave Americans the upper hand.
The significance of the Battle of Kings Mountain – A victory that raised American morale and undermined British strategy in the South. American militia beat Ferguson and his men after marching over the Blue Ridge Mountains.
REVIEW SHEET 3 OF 3 FOR 1301 TEST
Chapter 6 – Strengthening the New Nation
Define each term and answer each question with the information found in the TEXTBOOK and LECTURE. Use this Review Sheet to study for the Exam.
Newburgh Conspiracy – A plan by Continental Army officers to challenge the authority of the Confederation Congress due to their inability to meet its financial obligations to the military. Ultimately shut down by Washington
Shay’s Rebellion – Storming of the Massachusetts federal arsenal by Daniel Shays and 1, armed farmers seeking debt relief from the state legislature through issuance of paper currency and lower taxes
The Federalist Papers – Collection of essays supporting central government and the Constitution
Compromise of 1790 – Compromise between Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison.
Edmond-Charles-Edouard Genet – French diplomat welcomed into the United States by George Washington. Planned to recruit Americans to fight alongside the French against the British and Spanish
Know why many of the founders doubted a Republic could work.
Know the weaknesses of the Articles of the Confederation:
No executive branch. No national court system. No power to regulate trade or create taxes. Approved treaties but did not enforce them. Demanded an army but did not force men to serve.
Know the names and requirements of the two plans for the U. government the representatives voted on at the Constitutional Convention and which one was chosen: The Virginia Plan, which sought a government with three branches and a bicameral system (House of Rep and Senate). The New Jersey plan, which sought to keep a unicameral system and grant tax and naming rights but without the right to veto state laws. Ultimately, the Virginia Plan was chosen for its establishment of a strong central government
Be able to describe the 3/5 Clause in the Constitution – Stated that slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a free individual for the purpose of representation
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 – Declared that new territories would not be treated as subordinate colonies and would eventually become coequal states to the original thirteen. It also declared that slavery would be banned from the region north of the Ohio River
The XYZ affair – Incident in which three French officials attempted to get a bribe of $250,000 as well as loan to France of $12 million from the United States
1301 Exam 2 Review Sheet
Course: United States History I (HIST 1301)
University: Palo Alto College
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