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PN 2 Bowel
Professional Nursing 2 (NUR2571)
Rasmussen University
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Comparison of Bowel Elimination Disorders:
Diarrhea Bowel Obstruction Hemorrhoids Pathophysiology Large volumes of water are normally secreted into the small intestinal lumen, but a large majority of this water is efficiently absorbed before reaching the large intestine. Diarrhea occurs when secretion of water into the intestinal lumen exceeds absorption.
Functional blockage occurs when the muscles of the intestinal wall fail to contract normally in the wavelike sequence (peristalsis) that propels the intestinal contents. Mechanical obstructions include a narrowing of the channel (stricture), adhesions, tumors, the presence of a foreign object, pressure from outside, hernia, volvulus, and intussusception.
Hemorrhoids develop when the supporting tissues of the anal cushions disintegrate or deteriorate. Hemorrhoids are therefore the pathological term to describe the abnormal downward displacement of the anal cushions causing venous dilatation.
Etiology The most common causes of acute and persistent diarrhea are infections, travelers’ diarrhea, and side effects of medicines.
The most common causes of mechanical obstruction are adhesions, hernias, and tumors. Other causes are diverticulitis, foreign bodies, volvulus, intussusception, and fecal impaction.
The most common cause of hemorrhoids is repeated straining while having a bowel movement. This is often caused by severe cases of constipation or diarrhea. Straining gets in the way of blood flow into and out of the area. This results in the pooling of blood and enlargement of the vessels in that area. Clinical Manifestations Frequent loose, watery stools. Crampy abdominal pain that Itching or irritation in your
Abdominal cramps. Abdominal pain. Fever. Bleeding. Lightheadedness or dizziness from dehydration.
comes and goes. Loss of appetite. Constipation. Vomiting. Inability to have a bowel movement or pass gas. Swelling of the abdomen.
anal region Pain or discomfort Swelling around your anus Bleeding
Interventions Antibiotics might help treat diarrhea caused by bacteria or parasites. Replace fluids Pharmacological intervention (Imodium)
Strict intake & output PO/IV hydration Stress reduction/coping mechanisms Pain management Pharmacology Nutrition recommendations (individualized) Surgical intervention Hemicolectomy with permanent or temporary colostomy Total colectomy with permanent or temporary ileostomy
Eat high-fiber foods Use topical treatments Soak regularly in warm bath or sitz bath Take oral pain relievers Have bowel regime to avoid strain during constipation.
References
PN 2 Bowel
Course: Professional Nursing 2 (NUR2571)
University: Rasmussen University
