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Notes and quotes - Summary On Photography
Course: StuDocu Summary Library EN
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Notes and Quotes: “In Plato’s Cave” by Susan Sontag*
In Susan Sontag’s view, both Plato’s cave images and photographs represent “mere images of the
truth” (p. 3). Through the essay “In Plato’s Cave”, Sontag uses the term “truth” (almost)
interchangeable with the term “reality” but she disregards defining either of them. As a reader, I was
left with the impression that for Sontag “truth” or “reality”, deprived by their conceptual power and
philosophical engagement, stand for nothing more than what we can see. In this case, the difference
between what we can see with ‘our own eye’ (reality) and what we can see ‘with the camera’
(photograph) is reduced to the physical/mechanical differences between the human eye and the
body camera/lens. Except such technicalities, a photograph’s ‘success’ or ‘failure’ in faithfully
representing ‘reality’ would be explained through the ability – or intention – of its auteur to capture
this reality.
However, Sontag’s comparison between Plato’s cave images and photographed ones acknowledges
their distinctive natures and, also, the dissemblance between their specific educational abilities –
“being educated by photographs is not like being educated by older, more artisanal images” (p. 3) – in
its attempt to explore the reasons behind their influences upon viewers. The main reason identified
lays in a figure: the hastily continuously growing number of photos, irrefutably overriding the number
of Plato’s cave images, is the one diverging “the term of confinement in the cave, our world” (p. 3).
The photographic eye, argues Sontag, is characterized by a “very insatiability” (p. 3): “From its start,
photography implied the capture of the largest possible number of subjects” (p. 7). Photographing
becomes compulsory and addictive.
In Sontag’s interpretation, photographs are empowered by their impressive number to introduce a
new ‘visual code’ consisting of a ‘grammar’ and an ‘ethics’ of seeing: they are teaching us both the
structural rules of looking at a photo and the guiding ones – “what is worth looking at and what we
have a right to observe” (p. 3).
Plato’s cave images were as close as the prisoners could see reality, and a philosopher was needed to
free himself (or herself), go into the light and discover that such images were just shadows of a
praised but unknown reality, and return afterwards to enlighten the others, as well. But, since its
beginnings, photography has set a different relation with reality as the physical world, comparing to
Plato’s cave images. Although, at least in some of its forms, it has claimed to represent an exact copy
of (various aspects) of reality, photography has acknowledged the distinct existence of the physical
world, and has not attempted to conceal it.
Sontag’s insistence on photos as material objects, whereas it overlooks their later-gained significance
as insubstantial, digital images, put them into a contrast relation with the ethereal shadows of Plato’s
cave, as they can be possessed, collected and altered: “Finally, the most grandiose result of the
photographic enterprise is to give us the sense that we can hold the whole world in our heads – as an
anthology of images. To collect photographs is to collect the world” (p. 3). As objects, photos do not
only capture reality, but they also construct it, or at least define it: “Photographs are perhaps the
most mysterious of all the objects that make up, and thicken, the environment we recognize as
modern” (p. 3). In addition to capturing reality, they are part of it – the photo as a material object
becomes a piece or an element of the physical world: “Photographed images do not seem to be
statements about the world so much as pieces of it, miniatures of reality that anyone can make or
acquire” (p. 4). Sontag’s is very suggestive here: photographs are miniaturizing the physical world in
order to become part of it as objects – how treacherous is that?
Photographs represent, therefore, a possession of space in the sense of physical, geographical world,
that Plato’s cave images could never personificate: “they […] help people to take possession of space