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Moda Spanish (10102135)
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Ultimate Health School
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Campbell's Biology: Concepts and Connections, 7e (Reece et al.)
Chapter 14 The Origin of Species
14 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Speciation, or the formation of new species, is
A) a form of microevolution.
B) responsible for the diversity of life.
C) necessary for natural selection and adaptation.
D) an event that has occurred only a few times in the history of the planet.
Answer: B
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Which of the following would a biologist describe as microevolution?
A) the formation of new species
B) the extinction of species
C) dramatic biological changes, such as the origin of flight, within a taxon
D) a change in the gene pool of a population from one generation to the next
Answer: D
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) Under the biological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that
A) are physically similar.
B) share a recent common ancestor.
C) live together in a location and carry out identical ecological roles.
D) have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring.
Answer: D
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4) The biological species concept is
A) applicable to all forms of life, past and present.
B) applicable to all present life forms, but not to fossil organisms whose reproductive behavior cannot be
observed.
C) easy to apply to all present sexually reproducing organisms, but harder to apply to asexual organisms
and fossils.
D) sometimes difficult to put into practice even for present sexual organisms, and useless for asexual
organisms and fossils.
Answer: D
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
1
5) Which of the following statements regarding the definition of species is false?
A) The ecological species concept identifies species in terms of their ecological niches.
B) The phylogenetic species concept defines a species as a set of organisms that shares a common
ancestor and forms one branch on the tree of life.
C) The morphological species concept relies upon comparing the DNA sequences of organisms.
D) Under the biological species concept, the gap between species is maintained by reproductive
isolation.
Answer: C
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
6) Which provides the most general and correct description of the idea of a reproductive barrier?
A) any feature (of geography, behavior, or morphology) that keeps one species from mating with another
B) a biological difference between two species that prevents them from successfully interbreeding
C) a geographic barrier that separates two species and prevents gene flow between them
D) a difference in behavior that keeps two species from interbreeding
Answer: B
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
7) Two populations of organisms belong to the same biological species when they
A) can't mate with each other, because mating occurs at different times.
B) use different types of behaviors or physical features to attract mates.
C) have anatomical features that make it difficult for organisms from the different populations to mate.
D) encounter each other, mate, and produce viable, fertile offspring under natural conditions.
Answer: D
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
8) Which of the following types of reproductive barriers separates a pair of species that could interbreed
except that one mates at dusk and the other at dawn?
A) temporal isolation
B) habitat isolation
C) behavioral isolation
D) mechanical isolation
Answer: A
Topic: 14.
Skill: Application/Analysis
9) Which of the following types of reproductive barriers separates a pair of insect species that could
interbreed except that one lives on goldenrod plants and the other on autumn daisies in the same general
area?
A) temporal isolation
B) habitat isolation
C) behavioral isolation
D) gametic isolation
Answer: B
Topic: 14.
Skill: Application/Analysis
2
14) Two species that sometimes mate and produce vigorous but sterile offspring are separated by
A) gametic isolation.
B) reduced hybrid fertility.
C) reduced hybrid viability.
D) hybrid breakdown.
Answer: B
Topic: 14.
Skill: Application/Analysis
15) Two species interbreed occasionally and produce vigorous, fertile hybrids. When the hybrids breed
with each other or with either parent species, however, the offspring are feeble or sterile. These species
are separated by
A) gametic isolation.
B) reduced hybrid fertility.
C) reduced hybrid viability.
D) hybrid breakdown.
Answer: D
Topic: 14.
Skill: Application/Analysis
16) Frequently, a group of related species will each have a unique courtship ritual that must be
performed correctly for both partners to be willing to mate. Such a ritual constitutes a ________,
________ reproductive barrier.
A) mechanical... postzygotic
B) behavioral... prezygotic
C) temporal... prezygotic
D) gametic... postzygotic
Answer: B
Topic: 14.
Skill: Application/Analysis
17) The Monterey pine and the Bishop's pine inhabit some of the same areas of central California. The
Monterey pine releases pollen in February, while the Bishop's pine does so in April. This is an example
of ________ isolation.
A) postzygotic
B) temporal
C) habitat
D) mechanical
Answer: B
Topic: 14.
Skill: Application/Analysis
4
18) The geographic isolation of a population from other members of the species and the subsequent
evolution of reproductive barriers between it and the parent species describes ________ speciation.
A) punctuated
B) sympatric
C) allopatric
D) biogeographic
Answer: C
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
19) Uplift and formation of a mountain range divides a freshwater snail species into two isolated
populations. Erosion eventually lowers the mountain range and brings the two populations together
again, but when they mate, the resulting hybrids all produce sterile young. This scenario is an example
of
A) sympatric speciation.
B) allopatric speciation.
C) incomplete speciation.
D) diversifying speciation.
Answer: B
Topic: 14.
Skill: Application/Analysis
20) In which of the following situations would speciation be most likely to occur?
A) A population of juniper shrubs is split in two by a canyon. Every year, strong winds carry a small
amount of the shrub's pollen across the canyon.
B) A Japanese mollusk species whose larvae are often carried from port to port in ship bilge water now
flourishes in San Francisco Bay, a busy commercial port.
C) Bighorn sheep occupy mountains from Canada through Death Valley in Southern California,
interbreeding all the way. The populations at the two ends of the range live in very different
environments.
D) Seven monkeys escape from an amusement park and zoo in South Florida. To everyone's surprise,
they establish a small but viable population, coexisting successfully with humans in a partly suburban
environment very different from their native African habitat.
Answer: D
Topic: 14.
Skill: Application/Analysis
21) Diane Dodd's experiments using fruit flies demonstrated that
A) the evolution of reproductive barriers occurs much too slowly to produce measurable effects in the
laboratory.
B) new species can form in a single generation by the production of new reproductive structures.
C) formation of a reproductive barrier between two populations is more likely if they experience and
adapt to different environmental conditions.
D) reproductive barriers usually are absoluteeither two populations are fully willing and able to
interbreed, or they are strictly separated by a fully effective reproductive barrier.
Answer: C
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
5
27) When a tetraploid flower pollinates a diploid flower of the parental species, the resulting offspring
will be
A) pentaploid and sterile.
B) diploid and fertile.
C) triploid and fertile.
D) triploid and sterile.
Answer: D
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
28) Sympatric speciation commonly occurs through ________ in plants, but is more likely to occur
through ________ in animals.
A) polyploidy... habitat differentiation and sexual selection
B) habitat differentiation and sexual selection... polyploidy
C) asexual reproduction... chromosome duplications
D) self-pollination... polyploidy and other genetic mechanisms
Answer: A
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
29) Ancestral diploid wheat species had 2n = 14 chromosomes. What happened when two of these
species hybridized?
A) They produced a viable, fertile hybrid species with 14 chromosomes.
B) They produced a hybrid species that could not complete mitosis so it did not develop properly.
C) They produced a hybrid species with 14 chromosomes that was sterile, because the chromosomes
from the two different parent species did not pair up properly in meiosis.
D) They produced a hybrid species with 28 chromosomes.
Answer: C
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
30) Which of the following statements about plant speciation and hybridization is false?
A) Plant biologists estimate that 80% of all living plant species are descended from ancestors that
formed by polyploid speciation.
B) Bread wheat is the ancestral diploid wheat plant.
C) Modern plant geneticists use chemicals to induce meiotic and mitotic errors to try to create new
hybrid plants with special qualities.
D) Bread wheat grown widely today is the result of several hybridization events.
Answer: B
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
7
31) Which of the following statements about the Galápagos finches is false?
A) The Galápagos finch species differ in their feeding habitats.
B) Each island in the Galápagos chain has one and only one isolated, unique species of Darwin's finch.
C) Most speciation events of the Galápagos finches occurred when some finches made it to another
island, evolved in isolation, and accumulated enough changes to become a new species.
D) The evolution of the Galápagos finches is an excellent example of adaptive radiation.
Answer: B
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
32) The emergence of many diverse species from a common ancestor is called
A) adaptive radiation.
B) gradualism.
C) allopatric speciation.
D) hybridization.
Answer: A
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
33) Which of the following would tend to promote adaptive radiation?
A) An organism has a very stable set of features and capabilities over long spans of evolutionary time.
B) An organism colonizes an isolated area that is habitable but relatively devoid of life.
C) An organism colonizes an area that already has a high level of existing species diversity.
D) A single species goes extinct, but it has several competitors that quickly expand to assume its
ecological roles.
Answer: B
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
34) In their 30-year studies of Darwin's finches, the Grants have discovered that while the medium
ground finch and cactus finch occasionally form hybrids, these hybrids
A) usually die before hatching.
B) can only survive during wet years when there are plenty of small seeds.
C) reproduce with the parent species, showing that ground finches and cactus finches are all one species.
D) are unable to produce a song and are therefore unable to find a mate.
Answer: B
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
8
39) One of the key contributions of the punctuated equilibrium model is that it helps explain
A) why transitional fossils are more common than Darwin would have predicted.
B) why transitional fossils tend to be rare and certain common fossil species remain unchanged for long
time spans.
C) how new species arise from hybridization events.
D) why large, widespread populations tend to be the ones that evolve most rapidly and unpredictably.
Answer: B
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
40) Which of the following descriptions best represents the gradual model of speciation?
A) Speciation occurs regularly as a result of the accumulation of many small changes.
B) An isolated population differentiates quickly from its parent stock as it adapts to its local
environment.
C) Speciation occurs under unusual circumstances and therefore transitional fossils are hard to find.
D) Species undergo little change over long periods interrupted only by short periods of rapid change.
Answer: A
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
41) One of the finest available sequences of fossils shows how horses have changed slowly and by
subtle steps from small shrub-browsing ancestors to the large, grass-grazing modern horse. A large
number of fossil species have been named, and it is often difficult to decide on the identity of a fossil
horse because transitional forms are common. This record of evolution best fits the idea of
A) the gradual model of speciation.
B) punctuated equilibrium.
C) adaptive radiation.
D) hybrid breakdown.
Answer: A
Topic: 14.
Skill: Application/Analysis
42) The fossil record shows that for many plant and animal groups, the time between speciation events
A) is usually about 50,000 years.
B) varies greatly, but averages 6 million years.
C) is usually greater than 40 million years.
D) is equivalent to the length of one hundred generations of a species.
Answer: B
Topic: 14.
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
10
14 Art Questions
1) Which species of wheat shown is polyploid?
A) T. monococcum
B) the AB sterile hybrid
C) T. turgidun
D) T. tauschii
Answer: C
Topic: 14.
Skill: Application/Analysis
11
14 Scenario Questions
After reading the paragraph, answer the question(s) that follow.
In 2004, scientists announced the discovery of the fossil remains of some extremely short early humans
on the Indonesian island of Flores. The new species has been named Homo floresiensis. One hypothesis
is that H. floresiensis evolved from Homo erectus, another early human species. How did a population of
H. erectus become isolated on this remote island? Early humans constructed boats and rafts, so perhaps
they were blown far off course by strong winds during a storm.
H. erectus averaged almost 6 feet in height, but the remains show that adults of H. floresiensis were only
about 3 feet tall. It's hypothesized that limited resources on this hot and humid island (only 31 square
miles) exerted selection pressure and succeeding generations began to shrink in size. Small bodies
require less food, use less energy, and are easier to cool than larger bodies. Evolution of small size in
similar circumstances has been observed in many other species, but never before in humans. This find
demonstrates that evolutionary forces operate on humans in the same way as on all other organisms.
1) The evolution of Homo floresiensis is an example of
A) sympatric speciation.
B) allopatric speciation.
C) adaptive radiation.
D) hybridization.
Answer: B
Topic: 14.
Skill: Application/Analysis
2) If H. floresiensis were reunited with H. erectus at a much later date, but the two populations could no
longer interbreed, it would be correct to conclude that H. floresiensis
A) is no longer fertile as a species.
B) had been isolated for more than 50,000 years.
C) has become less fit than H. erectus.
D) had evolved reproductive barriers.
Answer: D
Topic: 14.
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
13
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14 test bank - it helps
Course: Moda Spanish (10102135)
9 Documents
Students shared 9 documents in this course
University: Ultimate Health School
Was this document helpful?
Campbell's Biology: Concepts and Connections, 7e (Reece et al.)
Chapter 14 The Origin of Species
14.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Speciation, or the formation of new species, is
A) a form of microevolution.
B) responsible for the diversity of life.
C) necessary for natural selection and adaptation.
D) an event that has occurred only a few times in the history of the planet.
Answer: B
Topic: 14.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Which of the following would a biologist describe as microevolution?
A) the formation of new species
B) the extinction of species
C) dramatic biological changes, such as the origin of flight, within a taxon
D) a change in the gene pool of a population from one generation to the next
Answer: D
Topic: 14.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) Under the biological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that
A) are physically similar.
B) share a recent common ancestor.
C) live together in a location and carry out identical ecological roles.
D) have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring.
Answer: D
Topic: 14.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4) The biological species concept is
A) applicable to all forms of life, past and present.
B) applicable to all present life forms, but not to fossil organisms whose reproductive behavior cannot be
observed.
C) easy to apply to all present sexually reproducing organisms, but harder to apply to asexual organisms
and fossils.
D) sometimes difficult to put into practice even for present sexual organisms, and useless for asexual
organisms and fossils.
Answer: D
Topic: 14.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
1
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