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Community exam 1 quizlet
Community/Public Health Nursing (NUR 443)
University of Rhode Island
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1 beginning of public health concern with Shattuck report
- 1850 Florence Nightingale
industrial revolution immigration industrialization urbanization
health visiting and district nursing
3 learners
need to know concept of self experience readiness to learn orientation to learning motivation
like comfortable, informal environment with minimal distraction
4 of home visiting
better alternative than hospital
care is short term and intermittent based on needs
pt outcome better at home; decreased infection
5 domain
attitudes about changing behaviors or learning new behaviors
must tap into domain before starting to teach because won't be receptive if negative attitude
6 care act
covers all children under age of 26
triple aim
7 subgroup/subpopulation that have some common characteristics or concern
share common aspect (age, economic status, cultural perspective, gender, race, area of residence, chronic illness, employment)
ex: pregnant teens within a school district
8 of health education
enhance wellness, decrease disability
varied set of strategies to influence individuals within their social environment for improved health and well being
9 can call supervisor for help, but shouldn't be routine
10 public health focus
prevention, because chronic illnesses are now majority COD 11's original taxonomy
knowledge of facts (ex: pt will ID two chemicals in cigarettes)
knowledge-recall (list; identify; describe)
comprehension-understanding (correlates; summarizes)
application-applying (clinical) (provides; demonstrates)
analysis and synthesis-pulling It all together (analyzes)
lowest level of learning 12/PHN defined synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice 13 owns home environment
guest in home
introduce self to family and pets 14 readiness cognitive ability
literacy (the ice cream test; 6 questions)
age, growth, and development 15 domain creating evaluating analyzing applying understanding remembering 16 action action-capable, focus on needs or finding solutions 17/group oriented
geography, common values/interests
18 group or collection of individuals in a social unit and sharing common interests, characteristics, values, and goals
group of people with at least one commonality whose members know and interact with each other 19 group or collection of individuals interacting in social units and sharing common interests, characteristics, values, and goals (also a population)
Community Exam 1
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20 as the client
vary depending on aggregate level
individual level (focus on direct care needs or self-care responsibilities)
group level-may be health education
community level-population disease prevention or environmental hazard control
21 based nursing
application of nursing process in caring for individuals, families, and groups where they live or go to school as they move through the health care systems
individual/family focused
22 health
prevention and protection of individuals, families, and groups of people (communities)
setting specific (schools, prisons, workplace)
23 health includes organized health efforts at the
community level through government and private efforts
24 health nursing
combo of nursing practice and public health practice applied to promoting and preserving the health of populations
25 oriented primary care
essential service that supports healthy life
access/right to health care
first line/point of access medical/nursing care controlled by providers and focused on individual
26 multidisciplinary care
OT/PT/nutrition/nursing
27 and adaptive
make own normal saline and may use clean trash bags as wrap around warm soak
28 public health focus
science/infectious disease and more worrying about physical environment
more focus on antibiotics and vaccines (early detections and treatment)
29 of poverty family in poverty--> child grows up in poverty--> significantly disadvantaged in education and skills--> struggles to get a job--> failure to escape poverty cycle
30 influences
political activities lobbyists political action committees professional organizations
Socioeconomic characteristics of a population expressed statistically, such as age, sex, education level, income level, marital status, occupation, religion, birth rate, death rate, average size of a family, average age at marriage. 31 considerations
teaching and learning considerations
client readiness 32 of learning
cognitive affective psychomotor 33 of clients
help individuals, families, and groups gain insight and mastery over life situations through problem solving and dialouge 34 justice
executive order signed by Clinton, requiring all federal agencies to develop strategies for achieving environmental justice
increase public participation and access to information, and educate about risks and cumulative exposure 35 system not concrete; made of supra-systems and subsystems and must be viewed in hierarchy of systems 36 CHN 1600's sisters of charity as visiting nurses, then reformation changed role of care for ill 37 step in planning phase
determine intervention from intervention levels
38 step in planning phase
coordinate the planned interventions with aggregate's input to maximize participation
39 Empowerment
educator from Brazil with background of poverty
view that he had to help educate the poor by raising consciousness of problems that exist after basic needs are met
"if they are hungry, they will not be able to learn"
poverty- basic unmet needs
55 specialized homecare for terminally ill (< months)
improve quality EOL to clients and family (after care with family (1 year))
address primary concerns of client
encourage independence
direct palliative care (pain management, symptom assessment and relief, comfort measures)
therapeutic communication
nurse case management
56 goal provide support for the client and family from expectation of recovery to acceptance of death
57 do HMO's (health maintenance organization) minimize cost
Managed Care insurance has many more restrictions than third party payers
Preferred providers from a list and preferred suppliers must be used (hospitals, labs, MD, etc) is type of HMO
Agreements for preauthorization's for most procedures
Other type is use a specific agency and their providers which is really limiting.
Goal is to keep costs down
In past great focus on prevention but found that people move from employer to employer so specific HMO would not benefit from paying for some of the preventive type services.
Less expensive premiums by consumer so often selected for that reason
58 do you improve the health of a community
interviewing clients and assessing a populations health needs and resources
identifying values
59 to ensure client understood
teach (multiple methods) ask (open ended or specific) tell (in their own words) do (demonstrate) review (take away message) follow up (how did you do/questions/problems)
60 health services
esponsible for providing direct medical and public health services to members of federally-recognized Native American Tribes and Alaska Native people 61 (institute of medicine) three primary functions of PHN
assessment policy development assurance
62 informant interview
formal/informal role important dimensions of community strengths and weaknesses issues/concerns suggestions/solutions 63 points language (communicate clearly, minimize medical jargon)
literacy (4th grade)
feedback/demonstration (quant/qual)
interferences
minimize distractions 64 of community resources
meals on wheels
friendly visitors services by dept of elderly affairs 65 of coverage
if patient qualifies for home health aide or housekeeper/how long they will be on service 66 "Father" of change theory; 3 stages
unfreezing: finding method of making It possible for people to let go of old pattern that was counterproductive
change or moving to a new level: process of changing thoughts, feelings, behavior, or all, that is more liberating or productive
refreezing: establish change as new habit so It becomes the standard operating procedure 67's change theory
education may be used as a strategy for change
change can be disruptive, an opportunity for leaning, empowerment, and development of new goals
support groups
68 Wald first community health nurse who basically started It all because of poor mothers and children in NYC
69 ANA has a full time lobbyist
act to influence a policy maker to goals of the ANA
70 goals of PHN
preserve health of the community and surrounding population by focusing on health promotion and maintenance
71 justice individualism limited role of government based upon ability to pay (access to medical care is based on finances) economic efficiency
72 justice: individual responsibility for health
citizens have right to goods and services IF they obtain It according to guidelines of entitlement (work hard, earn right to get reward)
73 qualitative (open ended; opinion) quantitative (closed ended; numbers)
74 eligibility
low income families
qualified pregnant women and children
SSI
75 eligibility
>65 or SSDI
76 of community assessment
windshield survey key informant interviews participant observation secondary data collection focus groups/community forums constructed surveys
77 must work with the community to
identify and implement programs that meet needs and evaluate its effectiveness after implementation
78 services include
assessment of physical, psychosocial, environmental, economic, and functional needs
79 outcome and assessment information sheet
data set that determines medicare pay rate and measures outcomes for adult home care patients to monitor outcome based quality improvement
used to monitor outcomes, plan care, provide pt reports, characteristics for each agency, evaluate and improve clinical performance
80
domains
Clinical (1-3) Functional (1-3) Service Utilization (# of therapy visits) 81 of community assessment
to describe adequately the various dimensions of a community's health and well being
82 large, unorganized collection of people in a common location with shared governance and goals
social system
includes 2+ groups
associations that set/enforce standards in certain area
people who voluntarily enter into agreement to accomplish a purpose 83 continuum-- thinking more macro, the people we serve as a population 84 field of professional practice in nursing and public health where technical nursing, interpersonal, analytical and organizational skills are applied to problems of health as they affect the community 85 physical place, live, work, recreation 86 components with communities
focus on long range outcomes
objectives should be measurable and criterion referenced
SMART goals (specific, measurable, agreed upon, realistic, timely)
community is the client 87 action committees
organization that raises money privately to influence legislation elections, especially at federal level 88 activities
campaign for a political candidate that share similar views 89 group of people having common personal or environmental characteristics or all of the people in a defined community
ex: all elders in a rural region 90 group
aggregates with a common need such as common diagnosis or problem
105 supplemental nutrition assistance program
Assistance to millions of eligible, low-income individuals and families, and provides economic benefits to communities
Largest program in the domestic hunger safety net
106 determinants
the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age.
These circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels
107 ecology
framework or set of theoretical principles for understanding the dynamic interrelations among various personal and environmental factors
108 justice health care is a social good; health is equal right for everyone
if 100% of population, they are social
collectively financed
society responsible for health care
109 marketing strategies
make It rhyme make It catchy make It less than 9 syllables make It age/population appropriate be creative write It down leave message with client contact the media select well known person as spokesperson
110 security eligibility
provided health care to the elderly, disabled and welfare for mothers and children
111 responsible for health care
medicare/medicaid SNAP/WICK indian health services prison health cause is a right and government helps out all citizens bear equitably in benefits and burdens of society
112 changes in the US 1900's- present
yellow fever, smallpox, cholera, typhoid fever, and typhus impacted poor
spread because cities grew and poor crowded into housing with unsanitary conditions 113 theory
Organized social relationships
Recognizes role of institutions, laws, opportunities
Micro and macro approaches 114 for change
advocacy lewin's change theory TTM freire empowerment social marketing/PSA's 115 perspective
upstream thinking
focus on modifying economic, political, and environmental factors that are precursors of poor health
macro thinking
ex: trying to prevent COPD, liver failure (downstream; micro thinking) by changing society/social factors 116 smaller units within system
(ex: family system-subsystems are relationships between spouses, parent and child, sibling-sibling) 117-system larger system of which the system (family) is a part
ex: larger environment or community (churches, schools, clubs, businesses) 118 goal-directed unit made up of interdependent, interacting parts which endure over a period of time 119 under study at any given time
focus, or target system
120 and learning considerations
teaching formats (lecture, group discussion, role playing, demonstration)
materials and media (assess appropriateness of materials for leaning needs)
health literacy concerns (readability formulas)--> word check for literacy level
121 prevention
downstream; micro
teaching insulin administration
ex: exercise therapy after stroke, homeless shelters, PT after accident, disease management, referring to PT/OT, support groups
focus on getting rehab
keep diagnosis from getting worse and reduce effects of disease
restore to optimal level of functioning
122 step in planning phase
validate the practicality of the planned intervention according to available personnel as well as aggregate and supra- system resources
123 aim of the ACA
better health better quality care greater value for the dollars spent
core principle now at heart of US delivery system reform efforts
part of affordable care act
124 of communities
-commonality/group oriented -group interaction -relationship/bond -collective action -geopolitical -relational
125 health care (1990)
clinton health program (goal to provide care to all documented citizens)
126 thinking
focus on modifying economic, political, and environmental factors that are precursors of poor health
macro thinking
ex: trying to prevent COPD, liver failure (downstream; micro thinking) by changing society/social factors
127 increased growth of PHN
after immigrant community moved to NYC, noted that bedside care or family education on care was not addressing true determinants of disease 128 type of justice are we
social and market
129 is OASIS initiated
first home care visit
130 is OASIS updated or redone
if re-admitted or if condition changes or after 60 days
131 focus on population
because It focuses on entire group not just community
132 (Women, infants and children)
Nutrition program that provides federal grants to states for supplemental foods, health care referrals, and nutrition education for low- income pregnant, breastfeeding and non- breastfeeding postpartum women, and to infants and children up to age 5 who are found to be at a nutritional risk
Community exam 1 quizlet
Course: Community/Public Health Nursing (NUR 443)
University: University of Rhode Island
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