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Contract law -

Common law Contract

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Common law - Contract

6 Documents

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Université Paris-Saclay

Année académique : 2016/2017

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Valentin Ramognino

Université Paris-Saclay

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Common law.

Contract Law.

1) Identify of Parties / Introduction.

Contract  A binding agreement between two parties which creates obligation.
If the obligations are not respected, a partie can sue another one and ask for a remedy.
A contract had to be sealed (tamponné) before but not anymore.
In common law there is:  The main contract  The parties will write and express the terms, condition, price, obligations.  Implied contracts  There are also valid and there is a distinction:  Implied contracts in fact  It is “tacite reconduction” : You have a valid contract and when it comes to the end, the contract will continue to be valid.  Implied contracts in law  It is “quasi contrat” Ex: Unjust enrichment (enrichissement sans cause). There is no contract but obligations come from someone’s actions.
There is also the distinction between:  Bilateral contracts  Creates reciprocal obligations. Ex: Sales contracts.  Unilateral contracts  Creates obligation for one partie. Ex: Donation.
With the Ordonnance de droit des obligations  Huge change concerning “la promesse unilatérale de vente :  Actuellement si une promesse de vente assortie de délai est levée  D&I  Désormais la violation de la promesse entraîne l’exécution forcée.
Specific performance  The person will be forced to execute the obligations as said in the contract.
Partial specific performance  The same but he will pay damages for the part that he cannot execute.
Adhesion contract  It’s a pre written contract and you just have to agree to it. Ex: Consumer contract. (≠ Negociated contract). ↘ The distinction is important because of the unconscionable clauses (clauses abusive)  Unbalance between duties and rights between two parties.
A clause can be nul and void a clause that creates unbalance between the parties.*
Ordonnance, 1171 CC changed  In all adhesion contract if the judge sees a significant unbalance between parties, the judge can be declared nul and void. ↘ Now it is ALL adhesion contracts. Ex: Contrat d’entreprise.
Civil law and Common Law are different at the stage of the preliminary discussions:  Common law  A letter of intent, a gentleman agreement is not binding the parties  It’s initiating negotiations. ↘ But certain parts can contain obligations (binding). Ex: Non disclosure agreement, exclusivity clause
In order for a contract to be valid  A mutual agreement is needed and it is materialized through the acceptance.
Then the contract has to be valid the contract has to respect conditions: o The consideration  The reason why the parties will contract (la cause objective ou le quid pro quo).
It is only the objective consideration. o Capacity  In order to be liable. Ex: Drug addict, mentally ill don’t have capacity. o The legality of the matter  The activity induced by the contract shall not be prohibited by the law. o The reality of the consent.
In order to breach the contract: o The mistake  There was a confusion in the meeting of the minds. Ex: Usually in unilateral contracts.
When there is a mistake due to a legislative change (Ex: I bought that parking lot to avoid taxes but then the regime changed) there is no mistake admitted except if it was expressively stated in the contract. o Duress (violence)  The act made by a person to enforce someone to perform the contract. o Indue influence (abus de faiblesse)  Unlawful control of one partie over another one. o The fraud (not called dol like in French law)  One partie intentionally deceives the other. Ex: Hiding information.

 Ordonnance 2016  Three conditions needed: Consentement, capacité, vices du consentement.

Avant la cause était présente mais a disparu.
En droit français l’erreur n’était pas une cause de nullité sauf si l’erreur est lésionnaire  Avec l’ordonnance, la rétention d’information peut permettre d’attaquer sur l’erreur sur le prix.
Before 1804 the price had to be determined  Not anymore.

Ce document a-t-il été utile ?

Contract law -

Matière: Common law - Contract

6 Documents

Les étudiants ont partagé 6 documents dans ce cours

Université: Université Paris-Saclay

Ce document a-t-il été utile ?

Common law.

Contract Law.

1) Identify of Parties / Introduction.

-Contract  A binding agreement between two parties which creates obligation.

- If the obligations are not respected, a partie can sue another one and ask for a remedy.

- A contract had to be sealed (tamponné) before but not anymore.

- In common law there is:

The main contract  The parties will write and express the terms, condition, price,

obligations.

Implied contracts  There are also valid and there is a distinction:

Implied contracts in fact  It is “tacite reconduction” : You have a valid contract and when

it comes to the end, the contract will continue to be valid.

Implied contracts in law  It is “quasi contrat” Ex: Unjust enrichment (enrichissement sans

cause). There is no contract but obligations come from someone’s actions.

- There is also the distinction between:

Bilateral contracts  Creates reciprocal obligations. Ex: Sales contracts.

Unilateral contracts  Creates obligation for one partie. Ex: Donation.

- With the Ordonnance de droit des obligations  Huge change concerning “la promesse

unilatérale de vente :

Actuellement si une promesse de vente assortie de délai est levée  D&I

Désormais la violation de la promesse entraîne l’exécution forcée.

-Specific performance  The person will be forced to execute the obligations as said in the

contract.

-Partial specific performance  The same but he will pay damages for the part that he

cannot execute.

-Adhesion contract  It’s a pre written contract and you just have to agree to it. Ex:

Consumer contract. (≠ Negociated contract).

↘ The distinction is important because of the unconscionable clauses (clauses abusive)  Unbalance

between duties and rights between two parties.

- A clause can be nul and void a clause that creates unbalance between the parties.*

-Ordonnance, 1171 CC changed  In all adhesion contract if the judge sees a significant

unbalance between parties, the judge can be declared nul and void.

↘ Now it is ALL adhesion contracts. Ex: Contrat d’entreprise.