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Psychology
Theoretical Bases Of Teacher Education (EDU905)
Mahatma Gandhi University
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PSYCHOLOGICAL NEED OF CHILDREN & ADOLESCENTS
PSYCHOLOGICAL NEED OF CHILDREN & ADOLESCENTS
Every adolescent and children has certain needs, the satisfaction of which is essential to his continued physical as well as psychological well being. Abraham Maslow gives the following list of psychological needs. i) To experience a sense of union with other people (to belong) ii) To be secure iii) To be independent of other people iv) To be adventurous and to gain new experience v) To know, to construct and to create vi) To experience a sense of personal worth. The basic psychological needs of children are satisfied in different ways. The satisfaction of these needs depends upon factors such as family structure, type of school, degree of freedom provided, social norms and social taboos. Let us try to understand more about certain important psychological needs.
- Need for freedom and independence : An individual possesses a craving for independence. Nature has created us free and independent as individuals and require us to remain so. Adolescence is a time when the individual is striving to wean himself away from the control of parents and elders. He wants the right to give expression to his feelings, emotions and ideas. He feels annoyed and unpleasant when restriction is imposed on him. Children normally resist restraints. They want to act freely with out the interference of others. Teachers who are very eager to safeguard their superiority become authoritative and dictate things to students. This will adversely affect the sense of freedom of students and make them feel unpleasant which in turn will kill their initiative. Children expect the right to
do things in their own way and to express themselves freely. They often do not appreciate the purpose of adult rules and regulation and hence they do not like to be governed by others. Children should be provided with enough freedom for expression and activity through various clubs, organizations and associations. It will not only satisfy desire their desire for freedom but also help them to learn to obey laws and rules without external pressure. Rules and regulations should not be imposed from above. These should evolve as a consequence of their activity. As citizens of a democratic country Our pupils should be trained to use freedom and to respect the freedom of others. Only a person who allows and respects the freedom of others has the right to enjoy freedom. Teachers should realize that children need freedom to grow as children and hence they should not be subjected to strict adult standards of behaviour. 2. Need for security : Everyone of us needs to feel secure not only to save himself from the physical dangers but also from socio-psychological angles he needs desirable emotional, social and economical security for his well-being. The adolescent need emotional, social and economic security in addition to physical security. It is not enough that he is secure that he must have the feeling of security as well. The person who lacks the feeling of security may become maladjusted. The need for social security is associated with man’s desire for gregariousness. This happens only when the individual feels that he is safe from dangers and the people around him are friendly and helpful. Behavior is in many ways affected by the need for security. People want to save money in order to have security in their old age. So they become acquisitive. But acquisition of wealth alone cannot create the feeling of security. A millionaire who has no children or dear relatives may
affection will develop anxiety. Love creates a feeling of security and hence it is important in the development of mental health. Affection is not something that happens instinctively. Its manifestation are rather learnt. A child learns to recognize his parents, brothers and sisters and others in the family. As he grows his love also expands. Any person who provides him comforts and satisfaction becomes the goal of his love. If such a development does not happen, the child will grow as a self centered individual and may become a maladjusted person. Hence, parents and teachers must bestow their love and affection on children. 4. Need for achievement : Every human being has a strong desire to achieve some or other things like money ,fame, reputation, degree, merit, position, medals, good life partner, his status in the eyes of others but also accomplishment. The adolescents wants to be successful in what he considers worth while activities. He experiences satisfaction when he succeed in them; and failure makes him depressed and disappointed. 5. Need for recognition and approval : Every child wants approval or recognition. The craving for recognition is very high during the .period of childhood and adolescence. They resort to exhibition and loud talk to gain attention. It may some times turn into bullying fighting with other children. Craving for attention and sympathy are different manifestations of the child’s social approval motive. A person who has once enjoyed social approval begins to see it when he feels it is denied to him. Social approval motive becomes a part of the individual’s adjustment. If the need for approval is not satisfied, the result in most cases will be antisocial behaviour. Many problems of discipline in schools are the result of the frustrated desire for recognition. If properly guided and directed, desire for approval becomes a
valuable motivating factor for learning as well as desirable behaviour. It will make one work hard and do things in tune with social expectation so as to earn approval. 6 Need for social company : Man is referred to as social animal in the sense that he has a strong urge to be with his own kind and maintain social relations with them. The real strength of this need can be felt by those individuals who are faced with social rejection or solitary confinement. 7. Need for self assertion : Everyone of us has an inherent desire to get an opportunity to rule or dominate others. It may vary in intensity from person to person but it is surely exhibited by all of us in one or other situations irrespective of age, strength and status. Some may show it to their juniors, servants, life partner or children while others may exhibit it towards their pet animals, birds and even inanimate things like dolls or pictures. This needs of asserting onese if gives birth to an important motive called power motive that works as a strong determiner of one’s personality and behaviour 8. Need for self-expression or self – actualization : We all have an inherent craving for the expression of our self and actualization of our own potentialities. An individual may have a hidden poet, musician or painter in his self and thus may have a strong desire to get his talent exhibited or natured. In this way one wants to get adequate opportunities for the expression and development of his potentialities and subsequently he strives for and is not happy until he gets opportunities for such expressions and self actualization
Psychology
Course: Theoretical Bases Of Teacher Education (EDU905)
University: Mahatma Gandhi University
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