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ACOM-Chapter-5 - Accounting Practice Exams
Accountancy (BSA24)
De La Salle University – Dasmariñas
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Chapter 5 – Data and Process Modeling
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- In data and process modeling, a(n) ____ model shows what the system must do, regardless of how it will be implemented physically. a. operational c. logical b. physical d. relational
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 178
- DFD symbols are referenced by using all ____ letters for the symbol name. a. capital c. italicized b. lowercase d. boldfaced
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 180
- A DFD shows ____. a. how data are related b. what key fields are stored in the system c. how a system transforms input data into useful information d. what data is stored in the system
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 180
- In a DFD, the Gane and Sarson symbol for a process is a ____. a. rectangle with rounded corners b. line with a single or double arrowhead c. flat rectangle that is open on the right side and closed on the left side d. rectangle, which may be shaded to make it look three-dimensional
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 181
- In a DFD, the Gane and Sarson symbol for a data flow is a ____. a. rectangle with rounded corners b. line with a single or double arrowhead c. flat rectangle that is open on the right side and closed on the left side d. rectangle, which may be shaded to make it look three-dimensional
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 182
A spontaneous generation process is a process that has ____. a. no input b. at least one output and one input, but the output obviously is insufficient to generate the input shown c. no output d. at least one input and one output, but the input obviously is insufficient to generate the output shown ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 183
A black hole is a process that has ____. a. no input b. at least one output and one input, but the output obviously is insufficient to generate the
input shown c. no output d. at least one input and one output, but the input obviously is insufficient to generate the output shown ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 183
A gray hole is a process that has ____. a. no input b. at least one output and one input, but the output obviously is insufficient to generate the input shown c. no output d. at least one input and one output, but the input obviously is insufficient to generate the output shown ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 183
____ is/are logically impossible in a DFD because a process must act on input, shown by an incoming data flow, and produce output, represented by an outgoing data flow. a. Spontaneous combustion c. Black holes b. Gray matter d. Black boxes
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 183
- In a DFD, the Gane and Sarson symbol for a data store is a ____. a. rectangle with rounded corners b. line with a single or double arrowhead c. flat rectangle that is open on the right side and closed on the left side d. rectangle, which may be shaded to make it look three-dimensional
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 184
- In a DFD, the Gane and Sarson symbol for an entity is a ____. a. rectangle with rounded corners b. line with a single or double arrowhead c. flat rectangle that is open on the right side and closed on the left side d. rectangle, which may be shaded to make it look three-dimensional
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 185
- If processes must be performed in a specific sequence, you document the information in the ____. a. leveling guide c. data dictionary b. process descriptions d. DFD
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 191
- Because diagram 0 is a(n) ____ version of process 0, it shows considerably more detail than a context diagram. a. contracted c. condensed b. exploded d. extrapolated
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 191
Leveling ____. a. uses a series of increasingly detailed DFDs to describe an information system b. ensures that the input and output data flows of the parent DFD are maintained on the child
The data dictionary usually records and describes a default value, which is the ____. a. specification of the set of values permitted for the data element b. identification of the user(s) responsible for changing values for the data element c. specification for the origination point for the data element’s value d. value for the data element if a value otherwise is not entered for it
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 199
- In a data dictionary, any name other than the standard data element name is called a(n) ____. a. clone c. alias b. cipher d. index
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 199
- In a data dictionary, ____ refers to whether the data element contains numeric, alphabetic, or character values. a. value c. valence b. type d. domain
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 199
- In a data dictionary, ____ is the maximum number of characters for an alphabetic or character data element or the maximum number of digits and number of decimal positions for a numeric data element. a. domain c. length b. valence d. index
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 199
- A data dictionary specifies a data element’s ____, which is the set of values permitted for the data element. a. range c. array b. domain d. any of the above
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 200
- In a data dictionary, some data elements have ____ rules, such as an employee’s salary must be within the range defined for the employee’s job classification. a. domain c. validity b. range d. mastered
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 200
- ____ is based on combinations of the three logical structures, or control structures (one of which is shown in the accompanying figure), which serve as building blocks for the process. a. Modular design c. Global design b. General design d. Total design
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 204
- In the accompanying figure, the sequence structure is the completion of ____.
a. one or more process steps based on the results of a test or condition b. steps in a chronological order, one after another c. a process step that is repeated until a specific condition changes d. a specific condition that is repeated until a process changes
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 204
- The selection structure is the completion of ____. a. one or more process steps based on the results of a test or condition b. steps in a chronological order, one after another c. a process step that is repeated until a specific condition changes d. a specific condition that is repeated until a process changes
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 204
- Typical process description tools include ____. a. context diagrams c. pseudocode b. decision trees d. database tables
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 204
- A ____ description documents the details of a functional primitive, which represents a specific set of processing steps and business logic. a. logic c. process b. primitive d. function-based
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 204
- The iteration structure is the completion of ____. a. one or more process steps based on the results of a test or condition b. steps in a chronological order, one after another c. a process step that is repeated until a specific condition changes d. a specific condition that is repeated until a process changes
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 205
- Structured English might look familiar to programming students because it resembles ____, which is used in program design. a. pseudocode c. iterative code b. a decision tree d. decision code
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 205
- ____ also is called looping. a. Sequence c. Iteration b. Selection d. Process description
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 205
- A ____ table shows a logical structure, with all possible combinations of conditions and resulting actions. a. pseudo c. decision b. logic d. validity
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 206
d. detailed report showing all characteristics of data elements
ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 204
- An auto parts store inventory record might include ____. a. part number c. description b. supplier code d. minimum stock levels
ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 197
- When structured English is used, which of the following rules must be conformed to? a. use only the three building blocks of sequence, selection, and iteration b. use indentation for readability c. use a limited vocabulary d. avoid standard terms used in the data dictionary
ANS: A, B, C PTS: 1 REF: 205
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
- Later in the systems design phase, you build a logical model that describes how a system will be constructed. _________________________
ANS: F, physical
PTS: 1 REF: 178
- Using Gane and Sarson symbols, a DFD represents processes as rectangles with rounded corners.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 181
- The primary purpose of pseudocode is to describe the underlying business logic of code.
ANS: F, structured English
PTS: 1 REF: 205
- Systems analysts call an entity that supplies data to the system a sink. _________________________
ANS: F, source
PTS: 1 REF: 185
- A decision tree is read from left to right, with the conditions along the various branches and the actions at the far left. _________________________
ANS: F, right
PTS: 1 REF: 210
TRUE/FALSE
- In a DFD, processes contain the business logic, also called business rules, that transform the data and produce the required results.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 181
- A DFD shows the structure and detailed contents of a data flow.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 182
- In a DFD, a process symbol can have only one outgoing data flow.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 182
- In a DFD, a data flow must have a process symbol on at least one end.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 183
- Two data stores can be connected by a data flow without an intervening process.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 184
- A DFD does not show the external entities that provide data to the system or receive output from the system.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 185
- Systems analysts call an entity that receives data from the system a source.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 185
- Data stores are shown in a context diagram because data stores are external to the system.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 188
- What makes one system more complex than another is the number of components, the number of levels, and the degree of interaction among its processes, entities, data stores, and data flows.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 189
- When a context diagram is expanded into DFD diagram 0, all the connections that flow into and out of process 0 must be retained.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 189
- Deciding whether to explode a process further or determine that it is a functional primitive is a matter of experience, judgment, and interaction with programmers who must translate the logical design into code.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 191
When a DFD is exploded, the higher-level diagram is called the child diagram, and the lower-level diagram is referred to as the parent diagram.
Many systems analysts create a physical model of the current system and then develop a logical model of the current system before tackling a logical model of the new system.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 211
- A disadvantage of the four-model approach is that the requirements of a new information system always are quite different from the current information system, especially when the proposal is based on new computer technology rather than a large number of new requirements.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 211
COMPLETION
- Analysts use ____________________ modeling techniques to show how a system transforms data into useful information.
ANS: data and process
PTS: 1 REF: 178
- A(n) ____________________ uses various symbols to show how the system transforms input data into useful information.
ANS: data flow diagram DFD data flow diagram (DFD) DFD (data flow diagram)
PTS: 1 REF: 180
- In addition to the Gane and Sarson symbol set, another popular symbol set is ____________________.
ANS: Yourdon
PTS: 1 REF: 180
- In DFDs, a process resembles a(n) ____________________, where the inputs, outputs, and general functions of the process are known, but the underlying details are not shown.
ANS: black box
PTS: 1 REF: 181
- In a typical company, ____________________ might include calculating sales trends, filing online insurance claims, ordering inventory from a supplier’s system, or verifying e-mail addresses for Web customers.
ANS: processes
PTS: 1 REF: 181
- Another term for business logic is business ____________________.
ANS: rules
PTS: 1 REF: 181
- In the Gane and Sarson symbol set, the symbol for a(n) ____________________ is a rectangle with rounded corners.
ANS: process
PTS: 1 REF: 181
- By showing processes as ____________________, an analyst can create DFDs that show how the system functions, but avoid unnecessary detail and clutter.
ANS: black boxes
PTS: 1 REF: 181
- Among the symbols in the accompanying figure, a(n) ____________________ receives input data and produces output that has a different content, form, or both.
ANS: process
PTS: 1 REF: 181
- The accompanying figure illustrates symbols used in a(n) ____________________, which shows how data moves through an information system but does not show program logic or processing steps.
ANS: data flow diagram DFD data flow diagram (DFD) DFD (data flow diagram)
ANS: functional primitive
PTS: 1 REF: 191
- ____________________ is a subset of standard English that describes logical processes clearly and accurately.
ANS: Structured English
PTS: 1 REF: 205
- Many analysts follow a(n) ____________________, which means that they develop a physical model of the current system, a logical model of the current system, a logical model of the new system, and a physical model of the new system.
ANS: four-model approach
PTS: 1 REF: 211
MATCHING
Identify the letter of the choice that best matches the phrase or definition. a. balancing f. data dictionary b. structured analysis g. decision table c. leveling h. logical d. DFD i. data flow e. physical j. record
Model that describes how a system will be constructed.
Model that shows what the system must do, regardless of how it will be implemented.
Shows how a system transforms input data into useful information.
DFD component that represents one or more data items.
A data structure that contains a set of related data elements that are stored and processed together.
Ensures that the input and output data flows of the parent DFD are maintained on the child DFD.
With this, an analyst starts with an overall view, which is a context diagram with a single process symbol.
In addition to documenting each data element, all data flows must be documented here.
A set of DFDs produces a logical model of the system, but the details within those DFDs are documented separately in a data dictionary, which is the second component of this.
In addition to multiple conditions, this can have more than two possible outcomes.
ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: 178
ANS: H PTS: 1 REF: 178
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 180
ANS: I PTS: 1 REF: 182
ANS: J PTS: 1 REF: 197
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 194
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 192
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 200
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 197
ANS: G PTS: 1 REF: 208
ESSAY
- What are the guidelines to follow when you draw a context diagram and other DFDs?
ANS:
- Draw the context diagram so it fits on one page.
- Use the name of the information system as the process name in the context diagram.
- Use unique names within each set of symbols.
- Do not cross lines. One way to achieve that goal is to restrict the number of symbols in any DFD. On lower-level diagrams with multiple processes, you should not have more than nine process symbols. Including more than nine symbols usually is a signal that your diagram is too complex and that you should reconsider your analysis. Another way to avoid crossing lines is to duplicate an entity or data store. When duplicating a symbol on a diagram, make sure to document the duplication to avoid possible confusion. A special notation, such as an asterisk, next to the symbol name and inside the duplicated symbols signifies that they are duplicated on the diagram.
- Provide a unique name and reference number for each process. Because it is the highest-level DFD, the context diagram contains process 0, which represents the entire information system, but does not show the internal workings. To describe the next level of detail inside process 0, you must create a DFD named diagram 0, which will reveal additional processes that must be named and numbered. As you continue to create lower-level DFDs, you assign unique names and reference numbers to all processes, until you complete the logical model.
- Obtain as much user input and feedback as possible. Your main objective is to ensure that the model is accurate, easy to understand, and meets the needs of its users.
PTS: 1 REF: 186-187 TOP: Critical Thinking
- Explain what a data dictionary is, making sure to include definitions of the terms data element and record in your explanation. Provide examples of each of these terms as you include them.
ANS: A data dictionary, or data repository, is a central storehouse of information about the system’s data. An analyst uses the data dictionary to collect, document, and organize specific facts about the system, including the contents of data flows, data stores, entities, and processes. The data dictionary also defines and describes all data elements and meaningful combinations of data elements. A data element, also called a data item or field, is the smallest piece of data that has meaning within an information system. Examples of data elements are student grade, salary, Social Security number, account balance, and company name. Data elements are combined into records, also called data structures. A record is a meaningful combination of related data elements that is included in a data flow or retained in a data store. For example, an auto parts store inventory record might include part number, description, supplier code, minimum and maximum stock levels, cost, and list price.
PTS: 1 REF: 197 TOP: Critical Thinking
- On what structure(s) is modular design based? Briefly define each of the structure types.
ANS: Modular design is based on combinations of three logical structures, sometimes called control structures, which serve as building blocks for the process. Each logical structure must have a single entry and exit point. The three structures are called sequence, selection, and iteration. A rectangle represents a step or process, a diamond shape represents a condition or decision, and the logic follows the lines in the direction indicated by the arrows.
- Which of the following will NOT be developed if they decide to use the four-model approach? a. A physical model of the current system. b. A logical model of the current system. c. A teleological model of the current system. d. A physical model of the new system.
ANS:
C
PTS: 1 REF: 211 TOP: Critical Thinking
- If they pursue the four-model approach, which of the following is a likely outcome? a. Users will be unhappy. b. Costs may be high. c. It will not be possible to get a clear picture of the current system functions before modifications are made. d. Costs may be low.
ANS:
B
PTS: 1 REF: 211 TOP: Critical Thinking
ACOM-Chapter-5 - Accounting Practice Exams
Course: Accountancy (BSA24)
University: De La Salle University – Dasmariñas
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