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Practical Research 1

Information and Task of Practical Research 2 Lesson 1 to Lesson 6
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Practical Research 1 (RES 1)

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Practical

Research 1

Lesson 1 to 6

3

rd

Quarter

Name: _____________________________________

Specialization: ______________________________

Grade 11

Prepared by:

Rayjean P. Doblas

INFORMATION SHEETS
LESSON 1: The Importance of Research in Daily Life

Learning Competencies The learners shall be able to  shares research experiences and knowledge CS_RS11-IIIa-  explains the importance of research in daily life CS_RS11-IIIa-

WHAT IS RESEARCH? 1. Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines an individual‘s speculation with reality. 2. Solutions to problems must be based on knowledge not on mere beliefs, guesses or theories. 3. In research a systematic and well-planned procedure is required to meet the need in order that information is acquired and evaluate its accuracy and effectiveness. 4. It is a process of inquiring.

####### NATURE OF INQUIRY

  1. Inquiry is defined as “ a seeking for truth, information or knowledge ”. It is a problem solving technique.
  2. The information and data pursued through questioning begins with gathering by applying the different human senses.
  3. Individuals carry on the process of inquiry from birth till death.
  4. Inquiry is synonymous with the word investigation.

####### DIFFERENTIATE INQUIRY FROM RESEARCH

Inquiry is a term that is synonymous with the word ‘investigation’. When you inquire or investigate, you tend to ask questions to probe or examine something to request for truth, information, or knowledge. Research is systematic and objective creation of knowledge systematic (with a system or method, the scientific method), objective (no bias, all angles presented), knowledge creation (a creative process)

####### PURPOSE OF RESEARCH

  1. To inform action.
  2. To prove or generate a theory.
  3. To augment knowledge in a field or study.

####### IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE

  1. Research directs us to inquire about the right information by conducting further investigation of the actual condition. It leads us to be cautious in giving results and findings by proving lies and supporting the truth.
  2. Research empowers us with knowledge and discovers new things and issues in life. It helps us solve problems in health, crimes, business, technology and environment.
  3. Research facilitates learning as an opportunity to share valuable information to others as a way of recognizing various concerns for public awareness.

What are these ethics in research? 1. Informed Consent. This is required to secure in order protect the rights of the participants in your study. Inform your participants about the criteria set for choosing them as informants and the schedule of one-on one interview at the convenient time they are available. Participation to the study will be completely voluntary. 2. Honesty. It reports data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify and misrepresent the data. 3. Objectivity. Avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research. 4. Integrity. Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action. 5. Carefulness. Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your work and the work of peers. Keep good records of research activities. 6. Openness. Share data, results, ideas, tools and resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas. 7. Respect for Intellectual Property. Honour patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use published or unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give credit where credit is due. Never plagiarize, fabricate and falsify. 8. Confidentiality. Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records. 9. Responsible Mentoring. Help to educate, mentor, and advise others. Promote their welfare and allow them to make their own decisions. 10. Responsible Publication. Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication. 11. Respect for Colleagues. Respect your colleagues’ opinion, treat them fairly and do not outsmart others. 12. Social responsibility. Strive to promote social acceptance and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education, and advocacy. 13. Non-discrimination. Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity. 14. Competence. Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning; take steps to promote competence in science as a whole. 15. Legality. Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and government policies. 16. Animal Care. Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments. 17. Human Subjects protection. When conducting a research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and anonymity.

RIGHTS OF RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS 1. Human Rights. They are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights. They constitute a set of rights and duties necessary for the protection of human dignity, inherent to all human beings. 2. Intellectual Property. It protects creations of the mind, which have both a moral and a commercial value. 3. Copyright Infringement. It is the use or production of copyright-protected material without permission of the copyright holder. Copyright infringement means that the rights accorded to the copyright holder, such as the exclusive use of a work for a set period of time, are breached by a third party Examples: a. Downloading movies and music without proper payment for use. b. Recording movies in a theatre c. Using others’ photographs for a blog without permission d. Copying software code without giving proper credit e. Creating videos with unlicensed music clips 4. Voluntary Participation. People must not be coerced into participating in research process. Essentially, this means that prospective research participants must be informed about the procedures and risks involved in research and must give their consent to participate.

  1. Anonymity. It is the protection of people’s identity through not disclosing their name or not exposing their identity. It is a situation in data gathering activities in which informant’s name is not given nor known.
  2. Privacy. It is someone’s right to keep his personal matters and relationships secret. It is the ability of an individual to seclude him from disturbance of any research activity.

ETHICAL STANDARDS IN RESEARCH WRITING Research Misconduct includes fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism. It doesn’t include honest error of differences of opinion. It can erode trust between researchers and funding agencies, which make it more difficult for colleagues at the same institution to receive grants.

PLAGIARISM Plagiarism refers to the act of using another person’s ideas, works, processes, and results without giving due credit. It should not be tolerated as the unauthorized use of original works, a violation of intellectual property rights. Three different acts are considered plagiarism: 1. Failure to cite quotations and borrowed ideas, 2. Failure to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks, and. 3. Failure to put summaries and paraphrases in your own words.

LESSON 3: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Learning Competencies The learners shall be able to  differentiates quantitative from qualitative research CS_RS11-IIIa-

**QUALITATIVE RESEARCH VERSUS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Qualitative Quantitative** Objective  It aims to create new theory based on the gathered data.  A fact-finding research used to gain understanding of individual differences in terms of feelings and experiences.

 The purpose is to test a hypothesis or theory.  Measures problem using rating scale and other research parameters of group similarities.

Data Description

 natural setting  making stories out of a certain phenomenon.  Uses pictures, words, sentences, paragraphs, compositions, narrations and short stories

 measurement setting  performs measures out of a certain phenomenon.  Uses numbers, scales, hypotheses, calculations, computations and statistics tools.

Sample (size)

 Small judgment (by decision) sampling  Large sample representatives of population

Data Gathering

 Unstructured or semi structured (flexible processes)  Uses interviews, participant observation, group discussions. Ex: Case Study, field research  Uses open ended questions.  It is a freeform survey questions allow a participant to answer in open-te xt format, responses are unlimited to a set of options.

Example: Guide questions for the interviews

  1. What was your experiences during quarantine period on the COVID-19 pandemic? How did you handle the situation caused by the pandemic?
  2. Was the support of the National and Local Government enough for your basic needs? Did they conduct evaluation for those who were affected?

 Standardized /Structured  Uses census, survey questionnaire, checklist, paper pencil test and experimentation.  Uses closed ended questions.  This questions can only be answered by selecting from a limited number of options,  usually “multiple-choice”, “yes” or no”, or a rating scale

Example: Strongly agree to strongly disagree In quantitative research closed ended questions are the basis of all statistical analysis techniques applied on questionnaires and surveys.

Sample Question: Do you agree on online modality class in transitioning the new normal of education? a. Strongly agree b. Agree c. Disagree d. Strongly disagree

####### WEAKNESSES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

  1. It involves a lot of researcher’s subjectivity in data analysis.
  2. It is hard to know the validity/reliability of the data.
  3. It is open-ended questions yield “data overload” that requires long-time analysis.
  4. It is time-consuming.
  5. It involves several processes, whose results greatly depend on the researcher’s views or interpretations.

KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 1. Case Study - Long time study of a person, group, organization or situation and an empirical inquiry that investigates current phenomenon. Example: “Teenage Pregnancy in the Public High Schools” 2. Ethnography- a study of a particular cultural group. Example: “Cultural Awareness and Integration of Peace Education in the Indigenous Peoples (IP) Communities”. 3. Phenomenology- “live-experienced” of a phenomenon. Example: “Life without Gadget” 4. Content and Discourse Analysis-  Content Analysis- is a research technique that analyzes the modes of communication such as letters, e-mails etc.  Discourse Analysis- is the study of social life, understood through analysis of language it includes face-to -face talk, non-verbal interaction, images and symbols. Materials for Discourse Analysis include books, newspapers, periodicals, brochures and advertisements. Example: “A Discourse Analysis on the Impact of Modern Technologies on Communication” 5. Historical Analysis- is a qualitative method where there is an examining of past events to draw conclusions and make predictions about the future. Example: “The Impact of Ferdinand Marcos’ Speech”

  1. Grounded Theory- takes place when there is a discovery of new theory which underlies your study at the time of data collection and analysis. Example: “The Story Behind the Migration of Christians from Visayas and Luzon to Mindanao”
  2. Narrative Report - designed to present things or events that have happened in the past through a logical progression of the relevant information. The main purpose of a narrative report is to present a factual depiction of what has occurred. Example: “Vocabulary Building of Students through Proper Solid Waste Management”
  3. Biography- is the study of an individual’s life and struggles and how they reflect cultural themes of the society. It deals with an interesting story found in documents and archival materials. It is concerned with the reconstruction of life histories and the constitution of meaning based on biographical narratives and documents. Five common types of biography are a. Scholarly Chronicles -focus on the historical portrayal of an individual life. e. “Biography of Gloria M. Arroyo, the First Woman President of the Philippines” b. Intellectual Biography- narrative of a life through the conceptual analysis of the subject’s motives and beliefs within the world of ideas. e. “Life and Works of Dr. Jose Rizal” c. Life History Writing- recording of life memories, experiences, whether one’s or another’s. e. “The Hardships of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW’s)”. d. Memoir Biography- stylistic presentation of the biographer’s reflections and insights in relation to the factual account of life. e. “The Experiences of Stranded Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic” e. Narrative Biography-a nonfiction account of life experiences of a person.
  4. Action Research- is a classroom-based or school-based research seeks transformative change through the process of taking action and doing research, which are linked together by critical reflection. This type of research is commonly conducted by the teachers to give solutions to the existing problems to improve students’ academic performance and positive attitudes.
LESSON 5: THE IMPORTANCE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ACROSS
FIELDS OF INQUIRY

Learning Competencies The learners shall be able to  Illustrates the importance of qualitative research across fields CS_RS11-IIIb-

Qualitative research is oriented toward analyzing concrete cases in temporal and local particularity. It

starts from the respondents’ perspectives, expressions, and activities in their local context. In this case, qualitative research is important across many fields of inquiry because it is designed for social sciences, psychology, and other fields. With this, qualitative research would verify or validate the tendencies, transform it into research programs, and maintain the necessary changes toward its objectives and tasks. For example, qualitative research can be employed in health care research. One may study people’s experiences of and access to health care. Various perspectives of patients and professionals can be understood using qualitative research. An individual’s experiences, attitudes, and circumstances in life that affect his/her health needs and behavior can likewise be studied.

It is important because it:  Provides insight into the complexity of common occurrences  Provides specific concrete details to guide understanding in a particular setting  Provides insight into the “local” meanings that activities and practices have for participants  Develops a comparative understanding of phenomena as experienced by different participants in different settings.

LESSON 6: THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE RESEARCH

Learning Competencies The learners shall be able to  designs a research project related to daily life Week 3 to 4 CS_RS11-IIIce-  writes a research title CS_RS11-IIIce-  provides the justifications/reasons for conducting the research CS_RS11-IIIce-

WHAT IS A RESEARCH TITLE? 1. The most important element that defines the research problem. 2. It is usually read first and the most read part of the research. 3. It contains the least words enough to describe the contents and the purpose of your research paper. 4. It can be revised any and many times as the research develops and reach its final phase. It becomes final on its final defense before the panel of judges.

ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH TITLE The research title does not need to be entertaining but informative. A part of a research title has the following information: 1. The subject matter or topic to be investigated. (“What?”) 2. The place or locale where the research is to be conducted. (“Where?”) 3. The population like the respondents’ interviewees. (“Who”?) 4. The time period of the study during which the data are to be collected. (“When”?)

Examples: Subject matter: The teaching of English Place or locale: in the high schools of Province A Time period: during the school year 1989- 1990 Population: as perceived by teachers and students

Subject matter: The effects of the use of cell phones on the academic performance Population: to senior high school students Place or locale: at Department of Education Time period: during the first semester, school year 2018 -

####### PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

####### TASK SHEETS

LESSON 1: The Importance of Research in Daily Life

Submission: February 27, 2021 Written Task: ଵ଴

A. True or False. Read the following statements. Answer TRUE if the statement describes a research, FALSE if you think it is not. Write your answers on the blank.

_______1. An opinion from any person is recognized and considered as an answer to the question asked by the researcher. _______2. A researcher must read literature that relates to the problem he or she is studying. _______3. The researcher has the final say in his findings. _______4. To have an objective view of his or her study, the researcher should avoid listening to another researcher. _______5. There should be adequate data before conducting a research

B. Enumeration.  List down the 3 purpose of research 1. 2. 3.  Define as “a seeking for truth, information or knowledge”. 4.  It is a process of inquiring. 5. Performance Task: ଵ଴

Question and Answer. Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Write your answers on the space provided. (2 points each)

  1. What is Research?

  2. What is inquiry and its nature?

  3. What is the difference between inquiry and research?

  4. How important is research in your daily life activities?

  5. Why is there a need to conduct research?

LESSON 2: The Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research

Submission: February 27, 2021 Written Task: ଵ଴

A. Direction: Identify what characteristic of a researcher is being referred to in the following statements. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

  1. An experience researcher should impart knowledge to his or her students. a. Responsible Publication b. Non-discrimination c. Respect for colleagues d. Social Responsibility

  2. The researcher should ensure that the participants will not be adversely affected by the research and its results. a. Care b. Human subjects protection c. Respect for colleagues d. Social Responsibility.

  3. Any participants to any research activity must not be forced to take part in the study. a. Voluntary participation b. Informed consent c. Risk of harm d. Social responsibility

  4. When a paper is already submitted to a publication, no submission to another should be done. a. Objectivity b. Legality c. Care d. Responsible Publication

  5. The researcher should be fully equipped with research skills when conducting the study. a. Confidentiality b. Competence c. Legality d. Openness

  6. All the data to be reported should include all facts and accuracy. a. Honesty b. Objectivity c. Competence d. Care

  7. Whatever agreed upon by the participants must be actualized. a. Integrity b. Legality c. Social Responsibility d. Responsible Publication

  8. The researchers should accept all comments and considerations. a. Openness b. Respect for intellectual property c. Non-discrimination d. Responsible mentoring

  9. Informed consent for a participant is best exemplified in which of the following actions? a. Talking to him or her privately b. Surprising him or her with a questionnaire c. Writing him or her a letter d. Using a padrino system

  10. Confidentiality of a participant is best exemplified in which of the following actions? a. Asking the participant to write his or her name in the questionnaire b. Not mentioning his or her name in the Participants of the study section c. Introducing himself or herself in an interview d. Taking his or her picture

Performance Task: ଵ଴

B. Question and Answer. Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Write your answers on the space provided. (2 points each)

  1. Why is research practical and realistic?

  2. The first step of research process is to develop your topic or research problem. What is the importance of considering those factors in selecting a research problem?

  3. Explain briefly. Research starts with a problem and ends with a new problem.

  4. What is the purpose of research ethics in doing research work?

  5. A research can be replicated but not the findings. Why?

Performance Task: ଵ

B. Can you recognize the nature of qualitative research; its characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses? Kindly provide your brief explanation. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Characteristics

Strengths

Weaknesses

LESSON 5: THE IMPORTANCE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ACROSS
FIELDS OF INQUIRY

Submission: March 27, 2021 Written Task: ଶ଴ Performance Task: 5

A. Given the following Research topics, name the specific subject on each topic and give the importance on researching such topic in a person’s day to day life. The first one is done for you. 1. Nutrient Contents of Spices and Herbs 2. Juan dela Cruz: A Filipino Inventor 3. Parents Views About The New Normal Education 4. Body Parts of a Korean Car 5. Bacteria in a Food

  1. SHS Learners Study Habits
  2. Medicinal Elements of Lemon Leaves
  3. History Development of Asian Novels
  4. Higa-onon Wedding Rites
  5. The Nature of Corona Virus Disease

Topic Subject Importance 1 Spices and Herbs To know its nutrient content use as medicine. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

B. Essay Explain the importance of Qualitative research. (5 points)

LESSON 6: THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE RESEARCH

Submission: March 27, 2021 Written Task: ଶ

A. Given the following broad topics for research, select one topic of your choice and narrow or limit the topic to make it specific. Use the narrowing chart to fill in the topic. Topics to choose: 1. Climate Change 2. Social Networking 3. Communication Skills 4. Medicinal Plants 5. Cultural Beliefs

Example: Topic Chocolate Topic Chocolate Sub-Topics History of chocolate, making of chocolate, health aspects of chocolate, chocolate addictions, brands of chocolate What sub-topics are of most interest to you? Health aspects of chocolate What new questions do you have about your topic? Are there health benefits to eating chocolate? Can chocolate boost your mood? Is chocolate addictive? Develop a topic statement. I will explore the health benefits of eating chocolate, specifically focusing on how ch ocolate affects moods and brain chemistry.

Your Turn! Topic

Sub-Topics

What sub-topics are of most interest to you?

What new questions do you have about your topic?

Develop a topic statement.

Performance Task: ଵ଴

B. Thinking back, what subject matter most interesting to you? Propose a title out of the above research topics. Write your title on the spaces provided. Subject Matter Population/Respondent Place Time period Proposed Research Title

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Practical Research 1

Course: Practical Research 1 (RES 1)

50 Documents
Students shared 50 documents in this course

University: University of Southeastern Philippines

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Practical
Research 1
Lesson 1 to 6
3rd Quarter
Name: _____________________________________
Specialization: ______________________________
Grade 11
Prepared by:
Rayjean P. Doblas

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