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Candidiasis, Candida albicans and Diagnosis - Labpedia

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Candidiasis, Candida albicans and Diagnosis

Candida Albicans

Sample For Candida Albicans

1. Scrapings from the affected area.

2. Gram stain of the smear.

3. The culture of the material.

4. The serum of the patient is needed for an antibody test.

5. The serum or body fluid is needed for the presence of the antigens.

Definition Of Candida Albicans

1. Candida organisms may be present as normal flora of the nasopharyngeal area or

gastrointestinal tract (20% to 40%).

2. Positive culture of the vaginal secretions in asymptomatic women (10% to 15%)

3. Superficial infection is seen from the oral cavity or vagina.

4. It can be seen as a deep or disseminated infection.

Microbiology Of Candida Albicans

1. The most common Candida infection in humans is by Candida albicans (90%) and

followed by Candida tropicalis.

2. Other types are:

1. C. stellatoidea (subtype is C).

2. C. tropicalis.

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Table of Contents

Candida albicans

Sample for Candida albicans

Definition of candida albicans

Microbiology of Candida albicans

Culture of Candida albicans:

Pathogenicity of Candida albicans:

Clinical manifestations of Candida albicans

Mode of the spread of Candida albicans:

Laboratory Diagnosis of Candida albicans:

Treatment

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3. C. krusei.
4. C. guilliermondii.
5. C. parapsilosis.
6. Candidiasis is also known as moniliasis.
Characteristic features of Candida albicans:
1. Candida is a normal upper respiratory, gastrointestinal, and female genital tract flora.
2. These are oval budding yeast measuring 3 x 6 μm.
3. These are gram-positive.
4. Elongated filament cells joined end to end called pseudohyphae in vivo.
1. Candida albicans are the only species to produce hyphae and pseudohyphae in
vivo.
2. Spherical to budding oval cells (3 to 5 x 5 to 10 μm).
3. Yeast is Y-form.

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####### (labpedia/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/candida-albicans.jpg)

Candida albicans

Pathogenicity of Candida albicans:

1. The most common areas affected are:
1. Mucous membranes.
2. Nails.
3. Skin.
2. Candidiasis may be:
1. Superficial where it involves:
1. Mucocutaneous thrush.
2. Skin in the form of red weeping areas, particularly in the obese person.
3. In chronic mucocutaneous lesions, there is involvement in the face and
scalp.
2. Deep where it involves:
1. Lower respiratory system.
2. Urinary tract.

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3. In septicemia, the eye, meninges, bone, and kidneys are involved.
3. It is a yeast-like fungus and usually is present in vaginal secretion.
1. Candida albicans are present in the upper respiratory, female genital tract, and
gastrointestinal tract.
4. Candida albicans is the causative agent in 90% of the cases.
5. The rapid growth of the candida occurs in:
1. The patients on long-term antibiotic therapy.
2. The patients with diabetes mellitus.
3. The patients are on corticosteroid therapy.
4. The female during pregnancy.
5. The ladies on oral contraceptives.
6. Candida growth occurs in areas not ventilated, like undergarments, and in infants
in the diaper area.
7. Candidiasis has occurred in immune-compromised patients mainly due to T-
lymphocytes depression and AIDS.
8. It may be seen in premature babies.
9. It is identified in malignancies like leukemia and lymphoma.
10. It is seen in extensive surgery.

Clinical manifestations of Candida albicans

1. Clinically there may be mucosal candidiasis characterized by laryngitis and esophagitis.
2. Female Patients may have vaginitis, cystitis, and thrush.
3. In the case of acute disease, it may involve the eyes, skin, and muscles when it spreads
through blood.
4. Chronic cases have been seen in a patient with neutropenia.
5. Clinically one can see candidiasis as follows:
6. Thrush:
1. It is oropharyngeal candidiasis.
2. There are white or yellow patches on the tongue or oral cavity with a reddish base
covering the mucous membranes.
3. There is a red area that may involve the throat.
1. It is difficult to scrape off.

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Candidiasis, superficial infection
2. S/S of vaginitis:
2. There is severe itching in the vagina.
3. There is vaginal discharge, thick, copious secretion, wetting the undergarments.
4. On examination, the vagina is inflamed.
5. There are patches of cottage cheese appearing in white clumps attached to the
vaginal wall.
6. Imidazole suppository helps to treat the disease.
3. Invasive candidiasis:
1. It takes place through the I/V or catheter when left in the body.
2. It can enter the brain, heart, and eyes.
3. It may involve nails and looks like onychomycosis.
4. Candida albicans lesions are:
1. Superficial like thrush.
1. The skin shows a red weeping lesion.
2. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis affects the face and scalp.
2. Deep lesions are involved in the respiratory system and urinary system.
1. Septicemia shows lesions in the eye, endocardium, meninges, kidneys,
and bone.
4. Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis are also seen in conditions like:
1. Bone marrow transplantation.
2. Leukemias.
3. Lymphomas.

Mode of the spread of Candida albicans:

1. It is usually endogenous, but cross-infection may occur like a mother-to-baby and a baby
in the nursery.
2. Infections are more common in premature babies.
3. Infection is also more common in debilitated patients and patients with diabetes mellitus.
4. Infection is more common in immunocompromised patients with AIDS, malignancy,
leukemias, and lymphomas.
5. It is seen in patients with long-term treatment with antibiotics, immunosuppressive
drugs, or cytotoxic drugs.

Laboratory Diagnosis of Candida albicans:

1. Wet film from the affected area and can do gram stain.
2. Culture is diagnostic, and culture media used are:
1. Sabouraud’s medium.
1. Incubation is done at 37 °C for 48 hours.
2. Agar and blood agar.
3. An indirect hemagglutination test may be helpful, but these tests lack sensitivity and
specificity.
4. Antigen tests like EIA are available.

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1. A titer greater than 1:8 indicates systemic infection.
2. The positive test may be seen in mucocutaneous candidiasis or in severe vaginitis.
5. The skin test based on type VI sensitivity is a good diagnostic indicator.
6. Scrapings with KOH preparation may show candida.
1. It will detect around 60% to 70%of vaginal secretion smears.
7. Diagnostic features of Candida albicans:
1. Germ tubes are seen when grown in the serum for 3 hours at 37 °C and then make
a wet film.
1. There are filamentous outgrowths like germ tubes.
2. Chlamydospores are seen when grown on the nutrient-poor medium (cornmeal
agar) for 24 hours at 28 °C.
1. There are round, thick-walled resting structures – chlamydospores, usually
found at the ends of pseudohyphae deep in the agar.

####### (labpedia/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/candida-chlamydospore.jpg)

Candida albicans showing chlamydospore

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Candidiasis, Candida albicans and Diagnosis - Labpedia

Course: Education (ED1112)

10 Documents
Students shared 10 documents in this course

University: St. John's University of Tanzania

Was this document helpful?
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Candidiasis, Candida albicans and Diagnosis
Candida Albicans
Sample For Candida Albicans
1. Scrapings from the affected area.
2. Gram stain of the smear.
3. The culture of the material.
4. The serum of the patient is needed for an antibody test.
5. The serum or body fluid is needed for the presence of the antigens.
Definition Of Candida Albicans
1. Candida organisms may be present as normal flora of the nasopharyngeal area or
gastrointestinal tract (20% to 40%).
2. Positive culture of the vaginal secretions in asymptomatic women (10% to 15%)
3. Superficial infection is seen from the oral cavity or vagina.
4. It can be seen as a deep or disseminated infection.
Microbiology Of Candida Albicans
1. The most common Candida infection in humans is by Candida albicans (90%) and
followed by Candida tropicalis.
2. Other types are:
1. C. stellatoidea (subtype is C.albicans).
2. C. tropicalis.
Fungi (https://labpedia.net/category/lab-tests/fungi/) Lab Tests
(https://labpedia.net/category/lab-tests/)
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1.0.0.1.
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Table of Contents
Candida albicans
Sample for Candida albicans
Definition of candida albicans
Microbiology of Candida albicans
Culture of Candida albicans:
Pathogenicity of Candida albicans:
Clinical manifestations of Candida albicans
Mode of the spread of Candida albicans:
Laboratory Diagnosis of Candida albicans:
Treatment
Immunology Book (Https://Labpedia.Net/Category/Elementary-Immunology/) Lab Tests
‣
Lectures
‣
Blog
‣
Medical Dictionary (Https://Labpedia.Net/Medical-Dictionary/)
About Us (Https://Labpedia.Net/About-Us/) Contact (Https://Labpedia.Net/Contact/)

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