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ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Organizational Behaviour (MGMT 2008)
The University of the West Indies Mona
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Organizational Behavior, 14e (Robbins/Judge) Chapter 4 Emotions and Moods
Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience? A) affect B) emotions C) moods D) emotional labor E) cognition Answer: A Explanation: Affect is defined as a broad range of feelings that people experience, and it encompasses both moods and emotions. Emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus. Emotional labor is defined as a situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work. Cognition is the mental process of thinking, learning, and knowing. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 100 Topic: What are Emotions and Moods? Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Affect Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1
Which of the following statements is true? A) Affect is a type of emotion. B) Affect is a type of mood. C) Affect can be experienced as a mood or an emotion. D) Affect is the result of conscious thought and action. E) Affect is the result of a mood or an emotion. Answer: C Explanation: Affect is the umbrella term used to describe a broad range of feelings that people experience, and affect can be experienced as both a mood or an emotion. Affect covers both emotion and mood. Affect is not the result of thought or action, but a term used to describe both mood and emotion. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 100- Topic: What are Emotions and Moods? Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Affect Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1
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What term is used for intense feelings that are directed at someone or something? A) affect B) cognition C) moods D) thoughts. E) emotions Answer: E Explanation: Emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. Affect is defined as a broad range of feelings that people experience, and it encompasses both moods and emotions. Cognition is the mental process of thinking, learning, and knowing. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus. Thoughts are mental processes based on cognition. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 100 Topic: What are Emotions and Moods? Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Emotions Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1
What term is used for feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions? A) affect B) cognition C) moods D) thoughts E) reactions Answer: C Explanation: Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus. Affect is defined as a broad range of feelings that people experience, and it encompasses both moods and emotions. Cognition is the mental process of thinking, learning, and knowing. Thoughts are mental processes based on cognition. A reaction is a response or action taken according to a stimulus. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 100- Topic: What are Emotions and Moods? Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Moods Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1
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When the team he supports wins the World Cup, Detleb feels a surge of joy, which turns into a feeling of satisfaction that lasts for days. What is one of the reasons that the feeling of satisfaction might be categorized as a mood and not an emotion? A) It is a very strong feeling. B) It is brought about by a specific event. C) It has a lengthy duration. D) It is a positive feeling. E) It is expressed on his face. Answer: C Explanation: Detleb's general ambiguous feeling of happiness is ongoing or prolonged, which is a characteristic of mood. Contextual stimulus, strong feelings, and facial expression are characteristics of emotion. Both mood and emotion can be positive. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 100- Topic: What are Emotions and Moods? Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Moods Quest. Category: Application LO: 1
When Ariana's mom tells her that her dog has been killed by a car, her eyes widen in disbelief and tears begin to stream down her face. Later that day she is able to laugh and talk about the fun times she had with her dog. What is one of the reasons that Ariana's reaction can be categorized as an emotion? A) It is a general, unambiguous feeling. B) It is accompanied by facial expressions. C) It has a lengthy duration. D) It is a positive feeling. E) Her reaction is cognitive in nature. Answer: B Explanation: Ariana's shock and crying are visible on her face, a characteristic of emotion. Unambiguous feelings, lengthy duration, and cognition are characteristics of mood. Emotion can be either negative or positive. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 100- Topic: What are Emotions and Moods? Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Emotions Quest. Category: Application LO: 1
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Which of the following statements is generally accepted by experts? A) Moods cause emotions. B) Emotions cause moods. C) Moods and emotions are both caused by introspection. D) Moods and emotions are the same phenomena. E) Moods and emotions can mutually influence one another. Answer: E Explanation: Emotions and moods are closely connected and can influence each other. Emotions, and moods are separable in theory, but in practice the distinction isn't always crystal clear. The cause and effect relationship between emotions and moods flows in both directions. The causes of moods and emotions vary. Moods and emotions are different and have different characteristics. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 101 Topic: What are Emotions and Moods? Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Moods and Emotions Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1
Which of the following is not one of the six universal emotions, as agreed upon by most contemporary researchers? A) anger B) fear C) hate D) sadness E) happiness Answer: C Explanation: Many researchers have agreed on six essentially universal emotions; anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, and surprise. Hate is not included in this list. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 102 Topic: What are Emotions and Moods? Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Basic Emotions Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1
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People think about ________ five times longer than they think about ________. A) negative events, positive events B) positive events, negative events C) behavior affects, the consequences D) their moods, their emotions E) positive events, positive emotions Answer: A Explanation: Negative emotions are likely to translate into negative moods. People think about events that created strong negative emotions five times as long as they do about events that created strong positive ones. People recall negative experiences more readily than positive ones. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 103 Topic: What are Emotions and Moods? Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Moods and Emotions Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1
What is one way that emotions can be classified? A) simple and complex B) positive and complex C) complex and negative D) simple and negative E) positive and negative Answer: E Explanation: One way to classify emotions is by whether they are positive or negative. Positive emotions, such as joy and gratitude, express a favorable evaluation or feeling. Negative emotions, such as anger or guilt, express the opposite. Simple and complex is not used to classify emotions or moods in OB. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 102 Topic: What are Emotions and Moods? Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Moods and Emotions Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1
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Which of the following is a mood dimension consisting of positive emotions? A) positive regard B) static regard C) negative affect D) emotional range E) positive affect Answer: E Explanation: Positive affect is a mood dimension consisting of positive emotions such as excitement, self-assurance, and cheerfulness at the high end and boredom, sluggishness, and tiredness at the low end. Positive regard, static regard, and emotional range are not mood dimensions. Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of nervousness, stress, and anxiety at the high end and relaxation, tranquility, and poise at the low end. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 102- Topic: What are Emotions and Moods? Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Positive Affect Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1
Which of the following is a mood dimension consisting of nervousness, stress, and anxiety at one end and relaxation, tranquility, and poise at the other? A) positive regard B) static regard C) negative affect D) emotional range E) positive affect Answer: C Explanation: Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of nervousness, stress, and anxiety at the high end and relaxation, tranquility, and poise at the low end. Positive affect is a mood dimension consisting of positive emotions such as excitement, self-assurance, and cheerfulness at the high end and boredom, sluggishness, and tiredness at the low end. Positive regard, static regard, and emotional range are not mood dimensions. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 102- Topic: What are Emotions and Moods? Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Negative Affect Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1
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A researcher finds that people who work in a fish processing plant, doing work that most people find extremely unpleasant, still have a positive mood about 60 percent of the time. Such a finding could most likely be explained by which of the following? A) the altered enhancement effect B) self-elation C) the fundamental attribution error D) self-serving bias E) positivity offset Answer: E Explanation: The people in the plant are generally happy and positive which is the definition of positivity offset, or the tendency of most individuals to experience a mildly positive mood at zero input (when nothing in particular is going on). Positivity offset does not have anything to do with biases, or attribution errors. Positivity offset is mild positivity, not elation. There is no such thing as the altered enhancement effect in OB. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 103 Topic: What are Emotions and Moods? Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Positivity Offset Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1
When Phineas Gage had an iron bar driven through his brain he ________. A) died immediately B) became uncontrollably violent C) became much less intelligent D) lost the ability to encode new memories E) lost the ability to experience emotions Answer: E Explanation: Gage was still able to read and speak, and he performed well above average on cognitive ability tests. However, it became clear he had lost his ability to experience emotion; he was emotionless at even the saddest misfortunes or the happiest occasions. Gage survived the accident and was not violent. He performed well on cognitive tests. Gage retained memories, but not emotion. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 104 Topic: The Function of Emotions Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Phineas Gage Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2
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What does the case of Phineas Gage serve to illustrate? A) effective management B) why women are ineffective managers C) intelligent design D) the effectiveness of the mood structure E) the importance of emotions on reasoning Answer: E Explanation: Gage's inability to express emotion eventually took away his ability to reason. He started making irrational choices about his life, often behaving erratically and against his self- interests. The example of Phineas Gage and many other brain injury studies show emotions are critical to rational thinking. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 104 Topic: The Function of Emotions Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Phineas Gage Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2
People giving different responses to identical emotion-provoking stimuli is a result of ________. A) intensity B) consensus C) consistency D) pervasiveness E) personality Answer: E Explanation: Because of personality, most people have built-in tendencies to experience certain moods and emotions more frequently than others do, therefore giving different responses. The intensity which a person experiences the emotion is based on personality. Consensus, consistency, and pervasiveness have nothing to do with emotional responses. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 104 Topic: Sources of Emotions and Moods Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Emotions and Personality Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 3
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On which of the following days do people tend to be in their best moods? A) Monday B) Tuesday C) Wednesday D) Friday E) Sunday Answer: D Explanation: Evidence shows that people tend to be in their worst moods (highest negative affect and lowest positive affect) early in the week, and in their best moods (highest positive affect and lowest negative affect) late in the week. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 105 Topic: Sources of Emotions and Moods Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Moods and Days of the Week Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 3
Research suggests which of the following relationships exists between weather and mood? A) a moderately positive B) a moderately negative C) a strong positive D) a strong negative E) weather tends to have little effect on mood Answer: E Explanation: Contrary to the prevailing cultural view, data indicate that people do not report a better mood on bright and sunny days (or, conversely, a worse mood on dark and rainy days). Weather has little effect on mood. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 105 Topic: Sources of Emotions and Moods Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Moods and Weather Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 3
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Jo has a job interview. Which of the following will probably not have an effect on the way she reacts emotionally to the interview? A) how much sleep Jo had the night before B) how much exercise Jo regularly gets C) Jo's age D) Jo's gender E) the weather on the day of the interview Answer: E Explanation: Contrary to the prevailing cultural view, data indicate that people do not report a better mood on bright and sunny days (or, conversely, a worse mood on dark and rainy days). Weather has little effect on mood. Sleep quality does affect mood. Research consistently shows exercise enhances peoples’ positive mood. Emotional experience improves with age. There are some gender differences in the experience and expression of emotions. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 105 Topic: Sources of Emotions and Moods Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Moods and Weather Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 3
Gerardo believes that every time he picks up a penny he is blessed with good fortune, since the last time he picked up a penny he had a lottery win, and the time before that he got a big bonus at work. Gerardo's perception is likely a product of a(n) ________. A) affect intensity B) high-positive affect C) emotional dimensions D) self-serving bias E) illusory correlation Answer: E Explanation: Illusory correlation is the tendency of people to associate two events when in reality there is no connection. Affect intensity is the individual differences in the strength with which individuals experience their emotions. High-positive affect is an emotional dimension. Self-serving bias is not relevant. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 105 Topic: Sources of Emotions and Moods Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Illusory Correlation Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 3
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Carlos is upset because his boss gave him work to finish over the weekend. It is Friday. Which of the following will least help Carlos lift his spirits? A) making his Friday night soccer match B) playing video games with his friends C) going out to dinner with his friends D) going to the party at his girlfriend's house E) having his card club over for dinner at his house Answer: B Explanation: Social activities increase positive mood. Activities that are physical (skiing or hiking with friends), informal (going to a party), or epicurean (eating with others) are more strongly associated with increases in positive mood than events that are formal (attending a meeting) or sedentary (watching TV or playing video games with friends). Diff: 2 Page Ref: 106 Topic: Sources of Emotions and Moods Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Moods and Social Activities Quest. Category: Application LO: 3
According to a recent poll, people are getting ________ sleep than they did in the past. A) more B) less C) higher quality D) deeper E) lighter Answer: B Explanation: U. adults report sleeping less than adults a generation ago. Sleep quality does affect mood. Undergraduates and adult workers who are sleep deprived report greater feelings of fatigue, anger, and hostility. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 106- Topic: Sources of Emotions and Moods Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Moods and Sleep Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 3
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Which of the following statements is not true about moods and exercise? A) Exercise enhances positive mood. B) Everyone benefits the same from an increase in exercise. C) The affects of exercise are strongest for depressed people. D) A growing number of companies offer fitness centers. E) An increase in positive moods results in more productive employees. Answer: B Explanation: Research consistently shows exercise enhances peoples’ positive mood. While not terribly strong overall, the effects are strongest for those who are depressed. Many companies, like GlaxoSmithKline provide fitness centers for employees. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 107- Topic: Sources of Emotions and Moods Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Moods Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 3
Joseph was very excited about moving into his new office with a window, after four years of working in a cubicle. However, after moving in, he found that nothing had really changed. His level of work satisfaction remained the same. Which of the following explains what happened to Joseph? A) People tend to overestimate the pleasure they will receive from a future positive event. B) People tend to overestimate the sadness they will feel when experiencing a future negative event. C) People experience both positive and negative emotions differently. D) People tend to do a good job of predicting how they're going to feel when something happens. E) People experience both positive and negative emotions very differently. Answer: A Explanation: People tend to do a bad job of predicting how they’re going to feel (both positively and negatively), when something happens. This is called affective forecasting. Although people do experience emotions differently, the example does not compare Joseph's feelings with anyone else's. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 107 Topic: Sources of Emotions and Moods Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Moods Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 3
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Which of the following is not true concerning cultural influences impacting emotions? A) People from collectivistic cultures are more likely to interpret the emotions in a target person's facial expressions by examining the social context. B) Subjects from individualistic cultures, such as the United States, interpret an individual's emotion by focusing on the person. C) Recognition of some emotions does not appear to generalize across cultures. D) Foreigners are sometimes better at recognizing emotions among the citizens in their adopted country than its citizens are. E) Prideful facial expressions are accurately recognized across many cultures. Answer: C Explanation: Recognition of some emotions does appear to generalize across cultures. All of the other statements are true. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 108 Topic: Sources of Emotions and Moods Skill: AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity Objective: Emotions and Culture Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 3
If an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions, which of the following is being expressed? A) emotional labor B) negative affect C) positive affect D) emotional intelligence E) deviance Answer: A Explanation: Emotional labor is defined as a situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work, meaning that his job demands a certain set of emotional responses, regardless of true feelings. Negative and positive affect are mood dimensions. Emotional intelligence is the ability to detect and to manage emotional cues and information. Deviance is undesirable ways in which dissatisfied workers get back at the workplace. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 109 Topic: Emotional Labor Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Emotional Labor Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 4
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Julie smiles and acts politely towards a customer at her checkout, even though she really deeply dislikes this customer. What is the term used to explain the disparity between the emotion Julie displays and the emotions she is actually experiencing? A) felt emotions B) emotional dissonance C) conditional emotional response D) emotional distance E) emotional exposure Answer: B Explanation: Emotional dissonance is defined as the inconsistencies between the emotions people feel and the emotions they project. Felt emotions are an individual’s actual emotions. Conditional emotional response, emotional distance, and emotional exposure are not OB terms to describe the affects of emotions on workers. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 109 Topic: Emotional Labor Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Emotional Dissonance Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 4
________ are the emotions an individual actually is experiencing, despite what they might outwardly show. A) Felt emotions B) Displayed emotions C) Conditional emotions D) Exposed emotions E) Suppressed emotions Answer: A Explanation: Felt emotions are an individual’s actual emotions. Displayed emotions are emotions that are organizationally required and considered appropriate in a given job. The other terms are not OB terms that refer to emotions. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 110 Topic: Emotional Labor Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Felt Emotions Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 4
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ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Course: Organizational Behaviour (MGMT 2008)
University: The University of the West Indies Mona
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