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Sources of History: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary

This lecture note tackles about the sources of history. It will also d...
Course

BSED- Filipino

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Students shared 461 documents in this course
Academic year: 2021/2022
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Mae Ann Lagare
Bohol Island State University
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Lesson Outcomes: :  Discussed the difference between primary and secondary resources; and  Enumerated some examples of primary and secondary resources;  Analysed the distinction of given sample sources.

Introduction: Most historical source materials can be grouped into four basic categories:

  1. Documents – are written or printed materials that have been produced in one form or another sometime in the past.
  2. Oral Statements include any form of a statement made orally by someone.
  3. Relics are any objects whose physical or visual characteristics can provide some information about the past. The main emphasis in historical research is on the interpretation of documents, diaries, and the like. Historical data are categorized into primary and secondary sources. A Primary source is one prepared by an individual who was a direct witness to the event that is being described. It includes first-hand information, such as eyewitness reports and original documents. A Secondary source is a document prepared by an individual who was not a direct witness to an event, but who obtained his description of the event from someone else. It includes secondhand information such as a description of an event by someone other than an eyewitness, or a textbook author’s explanation of an event or theory. Analysis:

Abstraction

A. The distinction of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sources Sources were labeled as primary, secondary, and tertiary for them to distinguished easily and identify the authenticity of the sources.  Primary Sources Primary sources give first-hand and original information. Examples are eyewitness accounts, personal journal interviews. A person who has seen the actual event can be considered as a primary source.

Types of Primary Sources

  1. Autobiographies and Memoirs An autobiography is an account of a person’s life written by that person. A memoir is a history or record composed from personal observation and experience.
  2. Diaries, Personal Letters, and Correspondence A diary , a form of autobiographical writing, is a regularly kept record of the diarist's activity and reflections. Diary is written primarily for the writer's use alone; the diary has a frankness, unlike writing done for publication. A personal letter is a type of message (or informal composition) that usually concerns personal matters (rather than professional concerns) and is sent from one individual to another. A correspondence is a body of letters or communications. If you've ever had a pen pal or an email buddy, you've written plenty of mail.
  3. Interviews, Surveys, and Fieldwork An interview is a conversation where questions are asked, and answers are given.

Unit 1:Meaning and Relevance of History

Lesson 2 Sources of History

 Think about the history of a barangay or municipality where you lived.  How did you get the information you get?  Were the sources reliable?  Are there pieces of evidence presented?

A survey is a list of questions aimed at extracting specific data from a particular group of people. It may be conducted by phone, mail, via the internet, and sometimes face-to-face on busy street corners or malls. A fieldwork or field research is the collection of information that involves a range of well- defined, although variable methods. 4. Photographs and Posters 5. Works of Art and Literature – it could be a painting, drawing, or illustration from someone 6. Speeches and oral histories – self-made discourses, artifacts, or relics

Secondary Sources These sources are one step removed from the topic. It could be passed through information from one person to another. Types of Secondary Sources

  1. Bibliographies
  2. Bibliographical works
  3. Periodicals (Newspaper, Magazine, Journal)
  4. Literature reviews and review articles (movie reviews, book reviews)  Tertiary Sources These sources provide third-hand information by reporting ideas and details from secondary sources. Types of Tertiary Sources
    1. General references such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, almanacs, and atlases
    2. Crowdsources Wikipedia, Youtube, message boards, and social media sites like Twitter and Facebook
    3. Search sites Difference between Primary Sources vs. Secondary Sources Primary Sources Secondary Sources
    • Created at the time of an event, or very soon after.
    • They were created by someone who saw or heard an event themselves.
    • Often one-of-a-kind or rare.
    • Letters, diaries, photos, and newspapers (can all be primary sources)
  • Created after the event, sometimes, a long time after something happened.
  • Often uses primary sources as examples.
  • History textbooks, historical movies, and biographies are secondary sources.

Repositories of Primary Sources a. The library is a collection of sources of information that provides physical and digital access to users.

b. Archive – is an accumulation of historical records or the physical place they are located.

c. A museum – is an institution that conserves artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance.

d. A historical society - is an organization dedicated to preserving, collecting, researching, and interpreting historical information or items.

Evaluation

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Reference: Galicia, Reynaldo and Palencia, Marjueve, Readings in Philippine History, 2019, Golden Books Inc

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Sources of History: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary

Course: BSED- Filipino

461 Documents
Students shared 461 documents in this course

University: Bohol Island State University

Was this document helpful?
Lesson Outcomes::
Discussed the difference between primary and secondary resources; and
Enumerated some examples of primary and secondary resources;
Analysed the distinction of given sample sources.
Introduction:
Most historical source materials can be grouped into four basic categories:
1. Documents – are written or printed materials that have been produced in one form or
another sometime in the past.
2. Oral Statements include any form of a statement made orally by someone.
3. Relics are any objects whose physical or visual characteristics can provide some
information about the past.
The main emphasis in historical research is on the interpretation of documents, diaries, and
the like. Historical data are categorized into primary and secondary sources.
A Primary source is one prepared by an individual who was a direct witness to the event
that is being described. It includes first-hand information, such as eyewitness reports and
original documents.
A Secondary source is a document prepared by an individual who was not a direct witness
to an event, but who obtained his description of the event from someone else. It includes
secondhand information such as a description of an event by someone other than an
eyewitness, or a textbook author’s explanation of an event or theory.
Analysis:
Abstraction
A. The distinction of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sources
Sources were labeled as primary, secondary, and tertiary for them to distinguished easily and
identify the authenticity of the sources.
Primary Sources
Primary sources give first-hand and original information. Examples are eyewitness accounts,
personal journal interviews. A person who has seen the actual event can be considered as a
primary source.
Types of Primary Sources
1. Autobiographies and Memoirs
An autobiography is an account of a person’s life written by that person.
A memoir is a history or record composed from personal observation and experience.
2. Diaries, Personal Letters, and Correspondence
A diary, a form of autobiographical writing, is a regularly kept record of the diarist's activity
and reflections. Diary is written primarily for the writer's use alone; the diary has a frankness,
unlike writing done for publication.
A personal letter is a type of message (or informal composition) that usually concerns
personal matters (rather than professional concerns) and is sent from one individual to another.
A correspondence is a body of letters or communications. If you've ever had a pen pal or
an email buddy, you've written plenty of mail.
3. Interviews, Surveys, and Fieldwork
An interview is a conversation where questions are asked, and answers are given.
Unit 1:Meaning and Relevance of History
Lesson 2 Sources of History
Think about the history of a barangay or municipality where you lived.
How did you get the information you get?
Were the sources reliable?
Are there pieces of evidence presented?

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