Advanced Health Assessment (NURS 6512)

Guidelines for routine breast self-exam, clinical breast exam, and screening mammograms have been in flux - and in conflict - in recent years. Which of the following statements reflects the current consensus? (select all that apply.) 1. Mammography is an inexact tool for the detection of breast cancer; both false positives and false negatives occur. 2. Clinical suspicion, clinical acumen, and clinical/radiographic correlation are key factors in determining the need for tissue sampling of a physical or imaging finding. 3. Further guidelines regarding screening mammography will likely continue to change based on cumulative population studies. 4. Breast-cancer screening guidelines should be the same fora ll age groups, independent of a woman's pre- or post menopausal status.

Which of the following statements regarding breast cancer is incorrect? 1. by region, the upper-outer breast quadrant hast eh greatest incidence of carcinomas. 2. lobular carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer 3. both ductal and lobular breast cancer are associated with local and distant spread. 4. a newly inverted nipple is a suspicious finding.

True or False. Mastitis and breast abscesses occur only during the lactational period.

True or False. Fibrocystic breast change is a benign condition that may coexist with breast cancer.

Which of the following accurately describes normal breast anatomy? (Select all that apply) 1. the breast overlies the chest wall structures. Embryologically, the breast represent a skin appendage. 2. the physiology of lactation is dependent of 2 primary anatomical structures. The mammary lobe and the mamarry duct. 3. The nipple represents the convergence of the lactiferious ducts. 4. The upper outer quadrant of the breast may extend into the axillary (tail of spence).

Which of the following historical features may suggest a benign breast process? (Select all that apply) 1. Multiple tender lumps that fluctuate in size over the course of several menstrual cycles. 2. A bilateral distribution of similar tender lumps 3. New unilateral nipple changes 4. New skin changes overlying the breast