- Information
- AI Chat
Cause and Effect Final Draft
English Composition II (ENG-106)
Grand Canyon University
Recommended for you
Preview text
Ysidro E. Arredondo Grand Canyon University ENG- Professor Dorothy Staten October 28, 2020
Closing the Gap to Increase Organ Donations Currently, thousands of people are on the national waiting list to receive an organ for an organ transplant. Statistics produced by the US Department of Health and Human Resources identify that an average of 22 people dies each day during the waiting for an organ transplant. The lack of available organs to decrease the number of those dying each day can be charged to the lack of willing donors. Organ donation is currently the only legal way one can donate or receive an organ. Efforts are in place to promote the benefits of electing to become an organ donor. Although those efforts keep pace with current waiting list numbers, there is still a need for medical professionals and lawmakers to come up with an alternate course of action. Relying on altruistic organ donations is a great way to get some people the organs; the need for change is now greater than ever. The current organ donation conversations have created an open debate on whether the United States should adopt other motives to address the national organ shortage. Some ways considered are providing incentives for willing organ donors, adopting the opt-out system, and upholding the first person-authorization consent law to reduce the national organ deficit. Organ donation has currently hit an all-time low and now more than ever calls for the United States to consider other ways to provide organ donors with incentives. Although illegal in the United States, other countries have experimented with authorizing monetary incentives for those willing to donate or sale an organ. The middle eastern countries of Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Singapore have come up with a system to provide financial incentives for organ donors willing to separate with a part of their body. Only after the approval of the “Organ Transplantation and Brain Death Act” in 2000 could deceased donor kidney transplantation be performed. Meanwhile, the Iranian government-regulated and -funded unrelated living kidney donation
the opt-out system, presumed consent, considers all members of society as potential donors, individuals should explicitly state that they do not wish to donate their organs; otherwise, they are considered as donors" (pg). Those individuals who may not have registered in the system are given the benefit of the doubt that they didn't wish to donate their organs after death. In the opt-out plan, the family would be given the option to decide on or against donation. This system decreases the burden and stressors placed on a family following a loved one's death. Several European countries have made an effort to increase organ procurement rates by introducing an "opt-out" organ donation system. Two presumptions are made in the genesis of an "opt-out" system of organ donation, both of which are questionable. The first issue hinges on the suspicion that the deceased person would have elected to donate their organs before death. The second issue hinges on the legal notion that there is no property in human corpses ("no property" principle) at common law. Presumed consent, opt-out system, may be either "soft opt-out" or "hard opt-out". In the "soft opt-out system", the family of a deceased individual who has not opted-out is asked and may refuse to donate organs. A soft opt-out system is used in Spain and France. In the "hard opt- out system", used in Austria, families of an individual who has not opted-out during his/her lifetime cannot refuse organ donation (Cotrau et al. 2020 pp). Adopting the opt-out organ procurement systems in many European countries has had higher donation rates than other countries that chose different ways. Although many countries have thrived in the opt-out system, failure has occurred in some countries. Any organ donation system's effectiveness requires an organized infrastructure, organizational, and structural cornerstone regardless of legislation. The Spanish organ donation system considers many the "gold standard" regarding organs' procurement utilizing the opt-out system. The opt-out system
alone is not failproof and will need to be used in conjunction with another highly debatable topic such as brain death first-person consent. The highly controversial topic regarding brain death has been defined as the "irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brainstem" (West & Burr, 2002 pp.). Confusion continues to lurk around, raising questions about whether people diagnosed as brain dead are in a coma or dead, whether they are dead even though their heart is still beating, and whether people can recover when they are brain dead. The law dictates that a person who has sustained brain death is considered legally and medically dead. Organ donation is a complex process, especially when a family suddenly faces organ donation from an irreversible brain injury. Families who become faced with donation decisions may decline to consent until all their questions about brain death have been answered. Studies have shown that family members may be more susceptible to deciding to continue with the organ donation if they have been adequately educated on brain death details. The goal should be to secure organs to save other lives and promote feelings of confidence and assurance in potential donor families. A genuine effort made to allow donor families to participate at the end of life decision process increases the opportunity to overcome their sense of helplessness and powerlessness. It further helps families overcome their natural responses to death and creates some degree of meaning from their often-senseless tragedy. By supplying that opportunity, it also encourages families to agree to donation. For the donation process to continually improve and erase the organ shortage deficit, communication and awareness must be at the forefront of every conversation regarding brain death. By considering providing incentives to attract more donors, the benefits of an opt-out system, and the continuous affirmation to adherence to the first-person consent law, the United States can begin to stop the alarming number of people dying each year waiting on an organ. The
References
Al Sebayel, M., Alenazi, A., Sabbagh R., Al Ageel T., Al Enazi M., Al Bahili H., Elsiesy H. (2014). Donor Organ Shortage Crisis: A Case Study Review of a Financial Incentive- Based System, Transplantation Proceedings, Volume 46, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 2030-2035, ISSN 0041-1345, doi/10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.06.024. Bruzzone, P. (2015). Paid Organ Donation: An Italian Perspective. Transplantation Proceedings , 47 (7), 2109–2112. doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc/10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.01. COTRĂU, P., HODOŞAN, V., VLADU, A., DAINA, L., NEGRĂU, M., DAINA, C., PANTIŞ, C., & VERNIC, C. (2020). Consent Model Opt-in/Opt-out System, and Organ Donation Rates in European Union Countries. Applied Medical Informatics , 42 (1), 36–41. US Department of Health and Human Resources (nd). Information About Organ, Eye, and Tissue Donation. Retrieved from organdonor/index.html West, R., & Burr, G. (2002). Why families deny consent to organ donation. Australian Critical Care: Official Journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses , 15 (1), 27–32.
Cause and Effect Final Draft
Course: English Composition II (ENG-106)
University: Grand Canyon University
- Discover more from: