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Types of writing
Bachelor of Secondary Education - English (BSE ENG 1)
University of Rizal System
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Writing
According to nunan (2003) writing is a physical and mental activity. It is about discovering ideas, thinking about how to communicate, to develop them into statements and paragraphs that will be comprehensible to a reader.
Writing has a dual purpose: to express and impress.
Writers must select the most advantageous medium for their writing. Each type has a different level of difficulty which is determined by its objectives.
Writing is also a process because it is a productive skill which requires actions to make it and a product because you are producing letter or paper to present and to read by individual. The writer creates, plans, write various drafts, revises, edits, and publish. The audience read a product.
Writing as a skill
- It is one of the important skills in communication
- It is a skill which is highly essential because of organization needs professional writers.
- Some people develop writing skills as career like poets, writers, novelist, and historian.
- Good writing skills allow you to communicate your message with clarity and easy to a far larger audience to understand.
Principles of good writing
Purposive - it’s the word itself purpose of the writer’s thought
Use clear language - Use language that will accurate and fit your readers
Be objective – proceed in your main idea and thought and avoid flowery word so that the readers will not be bored
Structure - organizing your ideas./ margin
Diction - it's how you emphasize your point
Punctuation – the writing knows where to put the comma, period and exclamation point, questions marks.
Grammar – you as a writer you should use the terms correctly
Writing process
- Prewriting - you are going to find, and your main idea. Making a freewriting doing jot down notes to make clear your plans and structures.
- Writing – the process you are preparing for your 1st or 2nd draft of papers.
- Revision – the process of adding or revising some paragraph, phrase, or word to make clear and organized your writing.
- Editing – checking if there is a repetition, misused of words, grammar and it also include here having consulting to an expert to check and reread your works.
- Publishing –. It will be printed and issue in public
Barriers of writing skills
- Noise - crowded places where you cannot focus in writing.
- Lack of effective tools - insufficient resources such as interne, and books
- Trainings for writings - lack of knowledge in writing
This summarizing sentence is usually called topic sentence – which generally the first sentence of the paragraph, but sometimes placed near the middle or at the end. One advantage of placing the topic sentence at the beginning is that this process forces the writer to state her topic before starting to develop it, and she is therefore less likely to move away from the subject. For special emphasis the topic sentence is sometimes placed at the beginning and restated or paraphrased at the end.
- Particulars and details
- Examples
- Definition
- Comparison and contrast
- Causes and effect
- Combination of methods
Unit in paragraphs
- a paragraph of exposition is a unit of structure, and it follows that any material that is not related to the central idea when included violates paragraph unity and makes the paragraph confusing and ineffective.
- A topic sentence, whether written or implied is your best safeguard of unity. Always arrange the sentences of the paragraph in clear, logical order. The writer of a paragraph should use the order which best fits his material and his purpose: The order of happening (chronological order) From general statement of particular details
From particular to general
Transition between sentences
Essay writing
- Planning and writing an essay
- Brainstorming
- Planning
Essay plan
- Paragraph 1 – introduce the topic
- Paragraph 2 – give point of view and information to support the arguments with reasons.
- Paragraph 3 – give contrasting views
- Paragraph 4 – conclude /9give your own opinion or interpretation of the facts)
Useful links and markers
- Introducing a point o Nowadays many people order food online rather than cooking at home.
- Describing consequences o As a result , levels of fitness are declining o Consequently, obesity and high cholesterol levels are becoming increasingly widespread.
There are three main tenses: past, present, and future. In English, each of these tenses can take four main aspects: simple, perfect, continuous (also known as progressive), and perfect continuous. The perfect aspect is formed using the verb to have, while the continuous aspect is formed using the verb to be.
In academic writing, the most commonly used tenses are the present simple, the past simple, and the present perfect.
Present simple used for facts, generalizations, and truths that are not affected by the passage of time
indicate an action which happens in the present, but it is not necessary for actions to happen right now
“She writes a lot of papers for her classes.”
Past simple used for events completed in the past
“She wrote the papers for all of her classes last month.”
Simple future used for events to be completed in the future
used to construct sentences about future
“She will write papers for her classes next semester.”
time (time after now).
Present perfect used to describe events that began in the past and are expected to continue, or to emphasize the relevance of past events to the present moment
used to express an event that started in the past and the impact of the event is now continuing.
“She has written papers for most of her classes, but she still has some papers left to write.”
Past perfect used to describe events that happened prior to other events in the past
indicates a past action which is completed before another past action.
“She had written several papers for her classes before she switched universities.”
Future perfect used to describe events that will be completed between now and a specific point in the future
“She will have written many papers for her classes by the end of the semester.”
definite time in the future.
Present perfect continuous
used to describe events that started in the past and continue into the present or were recently completed, emphasizing their relevance to the present moment
“She has been writing a paper all night, and now she needs to get some sleep.”
Past perfect continuous
used to describe events that began, continued, and ended in the past, emphasizing their relevance to a past moment
“She had been writing a paper all night, and she needed to get some sleep.”
Future perfect continuous
used to describe events that will continue up until a point in the future, emphasizing their expected duration
“She will have been writing this paper for three months when she hands it in.”
Email Writing
Salutation - a words used in a letter to address the person being written to.
Opening – a part of email writing which indicates the writers’ main concern.
Suggestions, asking for information, and disagreeing – a body part of email writing which indicates the writers’ intentions
Closing a part of email writing which indicate the writers’ extending gratitude for reading the letter.
Remember the following points for effective email message:
● Have a clearly stated subject line Place priority information in the beginning ● Be brief without being rude ● Use the right tone – formal/informal ● Have simple vocabulary, uncomplicated sentences and paragraphs ● Use correct grammar and spelling to avoid confusion ● Be courteous ● End with thanks / a line saying, you look forward to hearing from the recipient ● Have a signature that may include position held/address/ phone number etc.
why is email writing important?
email writing is important because using this tools your message can be delivered properly and safely especially this time of pandemic this email writing is more effective tools to communicate to others and spread the information like if you are discussing or giving information about businesses like product and services.
more knowledge and to be a good communicator so that your readers will impress about in your topic.
Discuss writing process
- In writing process we have five steps in order for us to have a good composition paper. first is prewriting where we gather some idea or data that helps our writing strong, second is writing where we start to make a first and second draft, third and fourth is revising and editing where we rearrange, replace, remove or add some details to make it concise. and lastly is publishing where we publish it just to read of your audience.
importance of transitional devices?
- transitional devices are important because it give smooth thought on your phrases, it helps the sentences to avoid inappropriate or breaks between ideas. and using transitional devices it strengthen our writing by improving the flow of words and the relationship between the ideas of sentences and paragraph
- the transitional devices is important because its support the relationship of the sentences o paragraph in one another. Without transitional devices it may cause lost or unrelated to the topic and its
how to improve your writing skills
- To improve our writing skill we need to be straightforward when it comes to using language to easily understand your writing and to avoid misunderstanding. we also need to avoid redundancy to make our composition better and as much as possible we should try to make it simple, brief but your main point or ideas were there.
Why topic sentence are usually written in 1st paragraph
I think that the topic sentence is usually written on the first paragraph because the writer should discuss the topic in the beginning and give some info about it and the readers have an idea of what is the topic all about and the others paragraph will be supporting phrases so that the readers gain more information and knowledge about the topic.
Types of writing
Course: Bachelor of Secondary Education - English (BSE ENG 1)
University: University of Rizal System
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